Phillip Island is an Australian island located about 140 km (87 mi) south-southeast from Melbourne, Victoria. Named after the first Governor of New South Wales, Arthur Phillip, Phillip Island forms a natural breakwater for the shallow waters of Western Port. It is 26 km (16 mi) long and 9 km (5.6 mi) wide, with an area of about 100 km² (39 sq mi). It has 97 km (60 mi) of coastline and is part of the Bass Coast Shire.

A 640 m (2,100 ft) concrete bridge (originally a wooden bridge) connects the mainland town San Remo with the island town Newhaven. In the 2001 Census the island's permanent population was 7,071. During the summer, the population swells to 40,000. 60% of the island is farmland devoted to grazing of sheep and cattle. Churchill Island and the area around it served as the location for the 1977 Australian film Summerfield.

In addition to the major tourist attraction of Penguin Parade, there is a wildlife park where wallabies and kangaroos roam freely amongst the visitors and can be fed by hand. The southern and western coasts of the island lie within the Phillip Island Important Bird Area, so identified by BirdLife International because of its importance in supporting significant populations of Little Penguins, Short-tailed Shearwaters and Pacific Gulls. Seal Rocks, at the western end of the island, hosts the largest colony of fur seals in Australia (up to 16,000).