Kahwah (also spelled qehwa, kehwa or kahwa) (Urdu: قہوہ, Hindi: क़हवा) is a traditional green tea consumed in Afghanistan, northern Pakistan, some regions of Central Asia as well as the Kashmir Valley. In Pakistan, it is made in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Gilgit-Baltistan regions. It is a popular breakfast tea among Kashmiri's generally accompanied with special Kashmiri bakery items like Girda.Kashmiri Pandit migrants living in the North Indian Plains, particularly in the urban agglomeration of Delhi, have also contributed to the tea's popularity among non-Kashmiri Indians.

Origins[link]

The Arabic word qahwah (قهوة) may have been the root for kahwah or kehwa. However, whereas qahwah is used for coffee beans, the BMC kehwa is a green aromatic tea.

Even though exact origins of kehwa are still unclear, most Kashmiris believe that the aromatic traditional drink kehwa dates back to times immemorial & has been a part of local consumption for ages. Certain sources also trace the origins of the drink to the Yarkand valley in Xinjiang Area (Areas of Kashmir & Xinjiang were part of the Kushan Empire during the 1st & 2nd century AD. It is likely that use of kehwa & its spread from one region to another was facilitated & popularised in these regions during the Kushan rule).Its also used in gujrat.

Preparation[link]

The tea is made by boiling green tea leaves with saffron strands, cinnamon bark and cardamom pods & occasionally Kashmiri roses to add a great aroma. Generally, it is served with sugar or honey, and crushed nuts, usually almonds or walnuts. Some varieties are made as a herbal infusion only, without the green tea leaves.

Traditionally, Kahwah or Kehwa is prepared in a brass kettle known as a samovar. A samovar consists of a "fire-container" running as a central cavity, in which live coals are placed keeping the tea perpetually hot. Around the fire-container there is a space for water to boil and the tealeaves and other ingredients are mixed with the water for a perfect blend. Kehwa may also be made in normal pans and vessels, as modern day urban living may not always permit the use of elaborate samovars (or samavars, as they are popularly called in Kashmir)

Kahwah is usually served to guests or as part of a celebration dinner, and Saffron (Kong) is added to the Kehwa for special visitors. It is often served in tiny, shallow cups. Kehwa in Kashmir is also commonly served after Wazwan and elaborate family dinners.

Sometimes milk is added to the kahwa, but this is generally given to the elderly or the sick.

Ingredients:
Kashmiri green tea 4 tsps <edit:4 tsps are too much!!! a pinch or two will suffice as well >
<> saffron 2-4 strands
Crushed Green cardamom pods 2
Blanched and chopped Almonds 8
Cinnamon 1 stick
Cloves 1-2
Sugar 2 tbsps or to taste

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Hiromi
Hiromi, Moers Festival 2007
Background information
Birth name	Hiromi Uehara
Born	(1979-03-26) March 26, 1979 (age 33)
Origin	Shizuoka,  Japan
Genres	Jazz, jazz fusion, post-bop
Occupations	Jazz composer, pianist
Instruments	Piano and keyboards
Years active	1996 - present
Labels	Telarc International
Website	Official website

Hiromi Uehara (上原ひろみ, born 26 March 1979), known as Hiromi, is a jazz composer and pianist born in Hamamatsu, Japan. She is known for her virtuosic technique, energetic live performances and blend of musical genres such as post-bop, progressive rock, classical and fusion in her compositions.

History[link]

Hiromi started learning classical piano at age six. She was introduced to jazz by her piano teacher Noriko Hakita when she was eight. At 14, she played with the Czech Philharmonic Orchestra. When she was 17, she met Chick Corea by chance in Tokyo, and was invited to play with him at his concert the next day. After being a jingle writer for a few years for Japanese companies such as Nissan, she enrolled to study at Berklee College of Music in Boston, Massachusetts.^[1] There, she was mentored by Ahmad Jamal and had already signed with jazz label Telarc before her graduation.

Since her debut in 2003, Hiromi has toured the world and appeared in numerous jazz festivals. She performed live at the Newport Jazz Festival on August 8, 2009, and at the Paris Olympia in Paris on April 13, 2010, and toured in the summer of 2010 with the Stanley Clarke Band.

Hiromi's Trio[link]

Hiromi's trio initially consisted of bassist Mitch Cohn and drummer Dave DiCenso. In 2004, she recorded her second album Brain with fellow Berklee alumni bassist Tony Grey and drummer Martin Valihora and has been recording and touring with them ever since. Bassist Anthony Jackson was guest artist on two Brain tracks and is featured on her 2011 album Voice.^[2]

Hiromi's Sonicbloom[link]

Hiromi at the Moers Festival, 2007

On October 19, 2006, the trio added guitarist David Fiuczynski in a performance at the Jazz Factory in Louisville, Kentucky. He is also featured in the albums Time Control and Beyond Standard, and is currently touring with the group. Due to Fiuczynski's teaching commitments at Berklee College of Music, guitarist John Shannon performs with the group when Fiuczynski is unavailable.

Drummer Mauricio Zottarelli joined Hiromi's Sonicbloom for the 2009 tour.^[3]

Instruments[link]

Hiromi plays the Yamaha CFIII-S concert grand piano, Nord Lead 2, Clavia Nord Electro 2 and Korg microKORG.^[4]

Discography[link]

Studio albums (as "Hiromi")

• Another Mind (2003)
• Brain (2004)
• Spiral (2006)
• Place to Be (2009) - solo piano with guest

Akiko Yano on a bonus track

Studio albums (as "Hiromi's Sonicbloom")

• Time Control (2007)
• Beyond Standard (2008)

Studio albums (as "The Trio Project")

• Voice (2011)

DVDs

• Hiromi Live in Concert (2009, recorded in 2005)
• Hiromi’s Sonicbloom Live in Concert (2007)
• Solo Live at Blue Note New York (2011)

Other appearances

• Chick & Hiromi - Duet (2008, Japan; 2009, international) - live album recorded with Chick Corea at the Tokyo Blue Note
• The Stanley Clarke Trio (featuring Hiromi and Lenny White) - Jazz in the Garden (2009)
• Flashback - Triangle Soundtrack (2009)
• Tokyo Ska Paradise Orchestra - Goldfingers (2010)^[5]
• The Stanley Clarke Band - The Stanley Clarke Band (2010)
• Akiko Yano and Hiromi - Get Together -LIVE IN TOKYO- (2011)

References[link]

1. ^ Boston Globe interview
2. ^ Concord Music Group - "Voice" by Hiromi
3. ^ Mauricio Zottarelli myspace page
4. ^ "Hiromi :The Solo Piano Sorcery of Place To Be". Keyboard Magazine. http://www.keyboardmag.com/article/hiromi--solo/January-2010/105575. Retrieved 11 Jun 2011. 
5. ^ Coolestsound.jp

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Hiromi Uehara

• (English) Official web (hiromimusic.com)
• (Japanese) Official web in japanese (HiromiUehara.com)
• Marian McPartland's Piano Jazz interview
• Voice review on Prog Sphere

Dato' Chua Jui Meng (Chinese: 蔡锐明; pinyin: Cài Ruìmíng); born October 22, 1943) is a Malaysian politician from the state of Johor. He was the country's longest serving Minister of Health, holding that position from 1990 to 2004.

Chua is a lawyer called to the British Bar as a Barrister-at-law at the Inner Temple before entering politics through his involvement with the Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA). After 35 years with the party, he quit to join Parti Keadilan Rakyat (PKR) in 2009.

Political career[link]

Prior to entering full-time politics, Chua was a student activist in the 1970s. He was president of the Malaysian and Singaporean Law Society in the United Kingdom and Ireland as well as Editor in Chief of the Federation of UK and Ireland Malaysian and Singaporean Student Associations.^[1]

Malaysian Chinese Association[link]

Chua began his political career in 1976 when he became a member of the Malaysian Chinese Association, a component of the ruling Barisan Nasional coalition. In the 1986 general election, he was elected as Member of Parliament for Bakri, a seat he retained for five consecutive terms.

His speech in Parliament in 1988 on the "Malaysian Chinese dilemma" as a result of the "deviations and misimplementation" of the New Economic Policy (NEP) sparked the formation of the National Economic Consultative Council (NECC). The NECC formulated the National Development Policy (1990–2000), which Chua credited as key to liberalising the economy, education and culture and turning Chinese voter in favor of Barisan Nasional from the 1990s to 2004.^[1]

In 1989, Chua was appointed parliamentary secretary for the Ministry of Health. He was elected as a vice president of the MCA in 1990 and became the Deputy Minister of International Trade and Industry following the 1990 general election. During this period, he worked on developing small and medium enterprises and promoting trade with China.^[1]

After the 1995 general election, Chua was appointed Minister of Health. During his tenure, Chua led the government's fight against the Coxsackievirus outbreak in 1997, the Nipah virus outbreak in 1999, the Japanese encephalitis outbreak in 2000 and the global SARS epidemic in 2003.^[1]

MCA fell into crisis in 2001, when factional infighting between "Teams A" and "B" became public. Chua aligned himself to the Lim Ah Lek-led Team B during the Nanyang Siang Pau takeover crisis.^[2] The 2002 party elections were cancelled, and Chua retained his vice presidency under the MCA "peace plan" of 2003, which saw Ong Ka Ting assume the presidency. However, he was dropped from the Cabinet after the 2004 general election as he was not recommended to the prime minister by the new party leader.^[3]

In the following year's party elections, Chua challenged Ong for the presidency. He performed above expectations, garnering more than a third of the delegates' votes, but was unable to topple the heavily-favored Ong.^[3] He made another long-shot attempt at the presidency in 2008, but lost out to Ong Tee Keat.^[4] He did not contest the 2008 general election as his former seat of Bakri fell to the opposition.

Parti Keadilan Rakyat[link]

In July 2009, Chua quit the MCA to join the opposition Parti Keadilan Rakyat (PKR), citing the need to preserve the two-party system that emerged after the 2008 elections.^[5] In June 2010, the Sultan of Johor, Sultan Ibrahim Ismail revoked the state awards (carrying the titles Dato' and Dato' Seri) conferred to Chua by the previous Sultan. Chua accused Barisan Nasional of instigating the move as payback for joining the opposition.^[6] He still retains the Dato' title since he was conferred other state titles by the Sultans of Selangor and Pahang.

He is PKR's chief in Johor, a Barisan Nasional stronghold.^[7][8]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official Website

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