{{infobox president|name | Modibo Keïta |
---|---|
Nationality | Malian |
Order | 1st President of Mali |
Term start | July 20, 1960 |
Term end | November 19, 1968 |
Predecessor | None |
Successor | Moussa Traoré |
Birth date | June 04, 1915, Bamako, Upper Senegal and Niger |
Death date | May 16, 1977 |
Death place | Bamako, Mali |
Party | Sudanese Union-African Democratic Rally |
Religion | Islam }} |
Modibo Keita (or Kéïta); (Bamako, 4 June 1915 - Bamako, 16 May 1977) was the first President of Mali (1960–1968) and the Prime Minister of the Mali Federation. He espoused a form of African socialism.
Keïta joined the Communist Study Groups (GEC) cell in Bamako.
In 1943, he founded the L'oeil de Kénédougou, a magazine critical of colonial rule. This led to his imprisonment for three weeks in 1946 at the Prison de la Santé in Paris.
In 1945 Keïta was a candidate for the Constituent Assembly of the French Fourth Republic, supported by GEC and the Sudanese Democratic Party. Later the same year, he and Mamadou Konaté founded the Bloc soudanais, which developed into the Sudanese Union.
As a socialist, he led his country towards the progressive socialization of the economy; at first starting with agriculture and trade, then on October 1960 creating the SOMIEX (Malian Import and Export Company), which had a monopoly over the exports of the products of Mali, as well as manufactured and food imports (e.g. sugar, tea, powdered milk) and their distribution inside the country. The establishment of the Malian franc in 1962, and the difficulties of provisioning, resulted in a severe inflation and dissatisfaction of the population, particularly the peasants and the businessmen.
In June 1961, he paid a state visit to the United Kingdom, where Queen Elizabeth II invested him as an honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Saint Michael and Saint George. Although Keita was initially viewed by the United States as a socialist, he made it clear that he sought good relations with Washington. In September 1961, he travelled to America in the company of Sukarno and met with President John F. Kennedy. Keita, afterward, felt that he had a friend in Kennedy.
On the political level, Modibo Keïta quickly imprisoned opponents like Fily Dabo Sissoko. From 1967, he started the "revolution active" and suspended the constitution by creating the National Committee for the Defense of the Revolution (CNDR). The exactions of the "milice populaire" (the US-RDA militia) and the devaluation of the Malian franc in 1967 brought a general unrest.
On November 19, 1968, the General Moussa Traoré organized a coup d'état against Modibo Keïta, and sent him to prison in the northern Malian town of Kidal.
After being transferred back to the capital Bamako in February 1977 in what was claimed to be an action by the government towards national reconciliation in preparation for his release, Modibo Keïta died, still a prisoner, on May 16, 1977. His reputation was rehabilitated in 1992 following the overthrow of Moussa Traoré and subsequent elections of president Alpha Oumar Konaré. A monument for Modibo Keïta, was dedicated in Bamako on June 6, 1999.
In 1963, he invited the king of Morocco and the president of Algeria to Bamako, in the hope of ending the Sand War, a frontier conflict between the two nations. Along with Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia, Keïta was successful in negotiating the Bamako Accords, which brought an end to the conflict. As a result, he won the Lenin Peace Prize that year.
From 1963 to 1966, he normalized relations with the countries of Senegal, Upper Volta and Côte d'Ivoire. An advocate of the Non-Aligned Movement, Modibo defended the nationalist movements like the Algerian National Liberation Front (FLN).
Category:Malian politicians Category:1915 births Category:1977 deaths Category:Lenin Peace Prize recipients Category:French West Africa Category:Members of the National Assembly of France Category:Leaders ousted by a coup Category:People from Bamako Category:Sudanese Union – African Democratic Rally politicians Category:African Democratic Rally politicians Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
bm:Modibo Keita br:Modibo Keïta cs:Modibo Keïta de:Modibo Keïta et:Modibo Keïta es:Modibo Keïta eo:Modibo Keïta fr:Modibo Keïta ko:모디보 케이타 hr:Modibo Keita id:Modibo Keïta it:Modibo Keita la:Modibo Keïta nl:Modibo Keïta ja:モディボ・ケイタ pl:Modibo Keita ru:Модибо Кейта fi:Modibo Keïta sv:Modibo Keïta tr:Modibo Keita zh:莫迪博·凯塔This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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