The Gestetner, named after its inventor David Gestetner, is a type of duplicating machine, its brand name and the associated company.

David Gestetner, born in Csorna, Hungary, moved to London, England, and in 1879 filed his first copying patent. A later patent in 1881 was for the Cyclostyle, a stylus that was part of the Cyclograph copying device. He also established the Gestetner Cyclograph Company to produce duplicating machines, stencils, styli, ink rollers and related products the same year. The Gestetner works opened in 1906 at Tottenham Hale, north London, and employed several thousand people until the 1970s.^[1] Gestetner's inventions became an overnight success, and an international chain of branch offices that sold and serviced Gestetner products was established.

The Gestetner Company expanded quickly during the early and mid-20th century. Management was passed to David Gestetner's son, Sigmund, and from him to his sons, David and Jonathan. Gestetner acquired other companies during the years: Nashua (later changed to Nashuatec), Rex Rotary, Hanimex and Savin. Eventually a holding company was set up called NRG (N=Nashuatec, R= Rex Rotary, G= Gestetner). In 1996 the international Gestetner Company was acquired by the Ricoh company of Japan. The company was renamed NRG Group, and markets and services Ricoh products under its three main brand names, primarily in Europe, South Africa and the Middle East, but also through dealers throughout the world.

The brand has been owned by Ricoh since 1995. In Europe, Gestetner Group became NRG Group which as of 1 April 2007 became Ricoh Europe.

On 1 April 2007, Ricoh merged its Gestetner dealer network with the Lanier dealer network that had been selling Lanier-branded products on behalf of Ricoh for the North American market. Ricoh indicated that the merger's rationale was based on the fact that both "Gestetner and Lanier brands have been marketing identical products for many years." Thus, Gestetner's American customers can simply substitute Lanier-branded products for previous Gestetner-branded products even though Lanier-branded products are the same as Ricoh and Savin.^[2]

The Gestetner Cyclograph device[link]

The Gestetner Cyclograph was a stencil method duplicator that used a thin sheet of paper coated with wax (originally kite paper was used), which was written upon with a special stylus that left a broken line through the stencil — breaking the paper and removing the wax covering. Ink was forced through the stencil — originally by an ink roller — and it left its impression on a white sheet of paper below. This was repeated again and again until sufficient copies were produced.

Until this time, any "short copy runs" which were needed for the conduct of a business (e.g., for the production of 10–50 copies of contracts, agreements, or letters) had to be copied by hand. (If more were needed, the document would have to go to the printers.) After the run had been copied, business partners had to read each one to ensure that they were all exactly the same, and that human error or tiredness had not introduced an error into one copy. The process was time consuming and frustrating for all. The stencil copy method meant that only one copy had to be read, as all copies were mechanically identical.

Over the years Gestetner further developed his invention, with the stencil eventually being placed on a screen wrapped around a pair of revolving drums, onto which ink was placed. The drums were revolved and ink, spread evenly across the surface of the screen by a pair of cloth-covered rollers, was forced through the cuts made in the stencil and transferred onto a sheet of paper which was fed through the duplicator and pressed by pressure rollers against the lower drum. Each complete rotation of the screen fed and printed one sheet. After the first typewriter was invented, a stencil was created which could be typed on, thus creating copies similar to printed newspapers and books, instead of handwritten material.

See also[link]

• Mimeograph
• Cyclostyle (copier)
• Thermofax
• Spirit duplicator

References[link]

External links[link]

• Gestetner company website

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Rabbi Aaron Teitelbaum (born October 1947) is one of two Grand Rebbes of Satmar, and the chief rabbi of the Satmar community in Kiryas Joel, New York. He is the elder son of Grand Rabbi Moshe Teitelbaum, the late Satmar Rebbe of Williamsburg, Brooklyn, who was the nephew of the late Satmar Rebbe, Grand Rabbi Joel Teitelbaum, who founded the village of Kiryas Joel in the town of Monroe, New York. Rabbi Teitelbaum is the son-in-law of Grand Rabbi Moshe Yehoshua Hager, the Viznitzer Rebbe of Bnei Brak, Israel.

Background[link]

Rabbi Aaron Teitelbaum has written a number of scholarly commentaries on the Torah and Talmud. Over fifteen volumes of his teachings have been published. Rabbi Aaron was appointed as the chief rabbi of the Satmar congregation in Kiryas Joel in 1984. Prior to that he was the rabbi of Atzei Chaim of Siget Synagogue on Hewes Street in the Williamsburg section of Brooklyn, NY.

His followers point out that since 1980, when his father was named successor to Rabbi Joel Teitelbaum, Aaron has become the most prominent Satmar voice against Zionism both at community events as well as at anti-Zionist street demonstrations in New York and Washington DC. His famous anti-Zionist addresses include a speech delivered in Bnei Brak in the summer of 1994 where he specifically articulated the Satmar position against speaking Modern Hebrew. His father also mentioned that Aaron’s family ties to Agudat Israel, meaning his father-in-law's participation in it, would not weaken his anti-Zionist stand.

Presently, Rabbi Teitelbaum has control of the main Satmar synagogues in Kiryas Joel. In Williamsburg his main centers of operation are the great Satmar synagogue on 14 Hooper Street and the Sigeter synagogue on Hewes Street, his father's first home in America and his own home after his father moved to Boro Park. He is the official leader of 10 other synagogues in Williamsburg; the main Satmar shul in Boro Park and its branches; the main Satmar shul in London and its branches; the main Satmar shul in Bnei Brak and its branches; the Satmar shul in Jerusalem named after the work authored by his late father, Beirach Moshe.

Satmar succession feud[link]

Grand Rabbi Aaron Teitelbaum on the Jewish festival of Hannukkah in front of the menorah

In 1999, a major turn of events transpired in Satmar with respect to the future succession of the late Rebbe, Grand Rabbi Moshe Teitelbaum. The - until then unthinkable - idea of splitting up the dynasty into two separate sects, started to circulate and gain momentum.

Up to 1999, the wide perception within the community was that after the death of Rabbi Moshe, Satmar would remain one united sect under one rebbe, presumably Rabbi Aaron, since he is the eldest son and a prominent Talmudic scholar, and being the leader of Kiryas Joel, he held the highest post in Satmar, besides his father. There was no real talk about any other candidate besides Aaron.

On about May 1999, it was announced that Rabbi Moshe decided to change course completely and place his third son, Rabbi Zalman Teitelbaum, as the local leader of the Williamsburg congregation, a new position that never existed.

The then leaders of Satmar, which mainly supported Aaron, and always fought for the unity, pride and power of Satmar, were devastated and in shock. They have always been the most loyal and closest allies of Rabbi Moshe, and believed that is not the real true wish of the Rebbe. Aaron supporters in Williamsburg were stripped of their positions. The supporters of Aaron scrambled to reverse it; initially they attempted for about a year to settle it at a Beth Din, but disagreements as to which Jewish tribunal is qualified to judge this case, stalled it. Then secular court litigation ensued,^[1] but the court declined to render a decision.^[2][3][4]

See also[link]

Biography portal

• Satmar (Hasidic dynasty)
• Hasidic Judaism
• Haredi Judaism

References[link]

External links[link]

• A Seudah Shlishit service on the Shabbat evening led by Grand Rabbi Teitelbaum at Google Videos (Adobe Flash video)
• Lag B'Omer Celebrations in 2006 led by Rabbi Aaron Teitelbaum at Google Videos (Adobe Flash video)
• Shushan Purim Celebrations in 2007 led by Rabbi Aaron Teitelbaum at Google Videos (Adobe Flash video)
• Video clips of Rabbi Aaron Teitelbaum

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Yossi Green (born in Tel Aviv, Israel) is a composer of Jewish music. His works include some major hits of the Jewish industry.^[1] He wrote his first international hit song for Yigal Calek and the London School of Jewish Song in 1973.

He has composed over 600 songs on over 120 CDs. Most of his lyrics are drawn from primary Jewish texts (Torah, Midrash & Talmud) while some are drawn from other Jewish source (biographies of famous Rabbis, such as Ramban).

Singers that he has composed for include Avraham Fried, Dedi, Mordechai Ben David, & Yaakov Shwekey. Green's major hits include Kol Bera'ama, Tanya, Aderaba, Daagah Minayin, Didoh Bei, Shomati, Ve'erastich & Anovim Anovim.

His solo album, The 8th Note, was awarded "Best Album of 2008,″ "Best Debut Album of 2008″ from Israel's Radio Kol Chai and had two songs on Kol Chai's top 10 songlist of 2008.^[2] The album was also chosen by British Airways to feature as a world music selection from February 2011 until June 2011 through Feld Music Productions.^[3]

Green lives in Sea Gate, N.Y., with his wife Brigitte and children.

External links[link]

• Yossi Green Biography
• Up And Close Interview with Yossi Green

References[link]

1. ^ http://clevelandjewishradio.tripod.com/green.html
2. ^ http://www.93fm.co.il/show_item.asp?itemId=2452&levelId=62511&itemType=0
3. ^ Eller, Sandy (November 11, 2010). "Sea Gate, NY - VIN Exclusive: Yossi Green’s 8th Note Takes To The Skies". vos Iz Neias. http://www.vosizneias.com/68501/2010/11/11/sea-gate-ny-vin-exclusive-yossi-green%E2%80%99s-8th-note-takes-to-the-skies. Retrieved 24 February 2011. 

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Yossi Gestetner is a news maker, public relations consultant and advocate in the New York Orthodox Jewish and Hasidic communities. His writings are published and/or quoted^[1][2][3][4] in Yiddish and English-language publications and websites of the NY Jewish Communities, and also by mainstream news sites such as the New York Daily News^[5], Politico^[6], and YNN^[7]

In early 2010, Gestetner led a PR effort in a campaign asking then-Florida Governor Charlie Crist to grant clemency to Martin Grossman. The campaign produced 50,000 calls and emails^[8] in addition to letters from the Vatican^[9] and seven major Jewish organizations.^[10] Shortly thereafter, Gestetner considered a run^[11] for NY's 17 Congressional Seat, but withdraw a week later.

Using the pen name Dov Schtreicher, Gestetner used to write (discountinued from the issue of Aug. 05, 2011) center/center-right^{[citation needed]} current event columns in Der Blatt, one of the three major weeklies of the Yiddish-speaking NY. Gestetner is a popular voice on Kol Mevaser[3], a powerful info-line in the New York Yiddish-speaking communities. Gestetner's opinion pieces are often posted at Yeshiva World News, and at The American Thinker^[12][13]

Personal life[link]

Gestetner was born in New York in 1985^[14]. He was a four-year student at the Rabbinical Seminary of Adas Yereim in Brooklyn, NY, an accredited higher education institution. Gestetner’s religious orientation is Ultra Orthodox Jewish.

References[link]

External links[link]

http://www.yossigestetner.com