The combined Doctor of Medicine and Doctor of Philosophy M.D., Ph.D. degree is a dual doctoral degree for physician scientists. The degrees are granted by medical schools.

In the United States, the M.D., Ph.D. degree can be obtained through dual-degree programs offered at some medical schools. The idea for an integrated training program began at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine in 1956 and quickly spread to other research medical schools. In 1964, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) developed a grant to underwrite some universities' MD/PhD programs. This funding was distributed through the Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP). While the MSTP-designation is very prestigious recognition, there are still many non-MSTP dual-degree programs.

Admission to a dual degree program is not a requirement to receive M.D. and Ph.D. degrees. An individual has the option to complete each degree separately through single-degree programs. However, the student is responsible for all medical school tuition and does not receive a stipend during their M.D. education. Furthermore, since the Ph.D. training is not streamlined with the medical training, students will usually take an additional 2-3 years to complete their Ph.D.

Ravi Chopra (born 27 September 1946) is an Indian movie producer and director.

Ravi has directed Zameer (1975), The Burning Train (1980), Mazdoor (1984), Dehleez (1986), Baghban (2003), and Baabul (2006). He also directed the highly successful television serial, Mahabharat, which aired during 1988-1990, and the television mini-series, Ramayan, which was aired in 2002.

Ravi's production of the movie Bhoothnath was released in 2008.

Ravi is the son of movie producer-director B.R.Chopra, nephew of producer-director Yash Chopra, and cousin of actor Uday Chopra and writer-director Aditya Chopra.