Ibn Jubayr (1145–1217; Arabic: ابن جبير ) was a geographer, traveler and poet from al-Andalus. His travel chronicle describes the pilgrimage he made to Mecca from 1183 to 1185, in the years preceding the Third Crusade. His chronicle describes Saladin's domains in Egypt and the Levant which he passed through on his way to Mecca. Further, on his return journey he passed through Christian Sicily, which had only been recaptured from the Muslims a century before, and he makes several observations on the hybrid polyglot culture which flourished there.
Born in Valencia in Spain, then the seat of an independent emirate. Ibn Jubayr was descendant of a tribe of Andalusian (Visigoth) origins, Jubayr was the son of a civil servant. He studied at Granada the Quran, hadith, law and literature, he composed many poems and later became secretary to the Almohad governor of that city. In the introduction we are reminded of the reasons for Ibn Jubayr's travels. A secretary for the ruler of Granada in 1182, he was forced by such ruler, under threat, to drink seven cups of wine. Seized by remorse, the ruler then filled seven cups of gold which he gave him. To expiate his godless act, although forced upon him, Ibn Jubayr decided to perform the duty of Hajj to Mecca. He left Granada on 1183 accompanied by a physician from the city.
Hamza Yusuf Hanson is an American Islamic scholar, and (with Zaid Shakir and Hatem Bazian) is co-founder of Zaytuna College in Berkeley, California, United States. He is a convert to Islam, and is one of the signatories of A Common Word Between Us and You, an open letter by Islamic scholars to Christian leaders, calling for peace and understanding. He has described the 9/11 attacks as "an act of 'mass murder, pure and simple'". Condemning the attacks, he has also stated "Islam was hijacked ... on that plane as an innocent victim".The Guardian newspaper in the United Kingdom reported that he "is arguably the west's most influential Islamic scholar" and added that "many Muslims find his views hard to stomach."
Hamza Yusuf was born to two academics in Washington State and raised in Northern California. In 1977, he became Muslim and subsequently traveled to the Muslim world and studied for ten years in the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, as well as North and West Africa. Hamza Yusuf spent four years studying in the United Arab Emirates and elsewhere in the Middle East. Later he traveled to West Africa and studied in Mauritania, Medina, Algeria, and Morocco under such scholars as Murabit al Haaj; Baya bin Salik, head of the Islamic court in Al-'Ain, United Arab Emirates; Muhammad Shaybani, Mufti of Abu Dhabi; Hamad al-Wali; and Muhammad al-Fatrati of Al Azhar University in Cairo, Egypt.[citation needed] After more than a decade abroad, he returned to the United States and earned degrees in nursing from Imperial Valley College and religious studies at San José State University.[citation needed]
Sa'id bin Jubayr (665-714) (Arabic: سعيد بن جبير), also known as Abū Muhammad, was originally from Kufa, in modern-day Iraq. He was regarded as one of the leading members of the Tabi‘in and was counted by Sheikh al-Tusi as one of the companions of the fourth Imam, Ali ibn Husayn (d. ca. 712). Sa'īd is held in the highest esteem by scholars of the Shi'a and Sunni Islamic traditions and was considered one of the leading jurists of the time. Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani and al-Dhahabi praise him greatly in their respective treatises. He also narrated several hadith from Ibn Abbas.
At the battle of Jamājim in 82 AH (699-701), Ibn Ash'ath and his followers, including 100,000 from amongst the mawāli, took on the army of al-Hajjāj (d. 714), the governor of the Iraqi provinces during the reign of the Umayyad caliph al-Walid I. Within their forces was a group known as the 'Battalion of Qur'an Reciters' headed by Kumayl bin Ziyad an-Nakhai and including Sa'īd bin Jubayr. The revolt was brutally put down and Sa'īd was forced to flee to the outskirts of Makkah. He persisted in travelling to Makkah itself twice a year to perform the hajj and umrah and would enter Kufa secretly to help resolve peoples' religious issues.
Sheikh Kamal(Bengali: শেখ কামাল) (August 5, 1949 - August 15, 1975) was the son of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the founding leader of Bangladesh. Sheikh Kamal, had completed his matriculation from Shaheen School, Dhaka, and Higher Secondary Certificate Examination from Dhaka College. He practiced sitar at Chhayanaut, a school of music. At the same time, he was involved in diverse cultural activities and a keen sportsman. Kamal was an organizer of the Mukti Bahini guerrilla struggle in 1971. Kamal received wartime commission in Bangladesh Army during the Liberation War of Bangladesh.
Capt. Sheikh Kamal worked as the ADC of General Osmani the Commander-in-Chief of the Mukti Bahini, during the Liberation War of Bangladesh. After independence, he left the military to return to Dhaka University from where he graduated with Honours in Sociology. Days before his tragic demise on August 15, 1975 Kamal completed his Masters degree in Sociology from the prestigious Dhaka University. He was widely believed to pursue a career in politics. On July 14, 1975, he married the renowned sportswoman of Bangladesh, Sultana Khuki, who was the first female blue of Dhaka University.
Wahshy ibn Harb (literally The Savage son of War) was the Ethiopian slave of Jubayr ibn Mut'im and a Sahaba (companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad). He is best known for killing a leading Muslim general, Hamza ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib Muhammad's uncle, prior to accepting Islam, and afterwards killing Musaylimah, the leader of an enemy apostate army who were waging war against the Muslims.
Wahshy had been appointed by Hind bint Utbah to kill one of the three persons (Muhammad, Ali ibn Abi Talib, or Hamza ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib) so that she might avenge her father's death during the Battle of Badr.
Washy said in reply, "I cannot approach Muhammad at all, because his companions are nearer to him than anyone else. Ali too is extraordinarily vigilant in the battlefield. However, Hamza is so furious that, while fighting, he does not pay any attention to any other side and it is possible that I may be able to make him fall by some trick or by taking him unawares." Hind was content with this and promised that if he was successful in performing the job she would set him free. Some believe that Jubair made this promise to his slave (Wahshy) as his (Jubayr's) uncle had been killed in the Battle of Badr.