A republic is a form of government in which the government is officially apportioned to the control of the people and thus a "public matter" (Latin: res publica) and where offices of state are subsequently directly or indirectly elected or appointed. In modern times, a common simplified definition of a republic is a government where the head of state is not a monarch. The word republic is derived from the Latin phrase res publica, which can be translated as "the public affair", and often used to describe a state using this form of government.

Both modern and ancient republics vary widely in their ideology and composition. In classical and medieval times the archetype of all republics was the Roman Republic, which referred to Rome in between the period when it had kings, and the periods when it had emperors. The Italian medieval and Renaissance political tradition today referred to as "civic humanism" is sometimes considered to derive directly from Roman republicans such as Sallust and Tacitus. However, Greek-influenced Roman authors, such as Polybius and Cicero, sometimes also used the term as a translation for the Greek politeia which could mean regime generally, but could also be applied to certain specific types of regime which did not exactly correspond to that of the Roman Republic. An example of this is Sparta, which had two kings but was not considered a normal monarchy as it also had ephors representing the common people. Republics were not equated with classical democracies such as Athens, but had a democratic aspect.

Narendra Damodardas Modi (Gujarati: નરેન્દ્ર મોદી; born 17 September 1950) is the current Chief Minister of the Indian state of Gujarat. Born in a middle class family in Vadnagar, he was the third of six children born to Damodardas Mulchand Modi and his wife Heeraben. He has been a member of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) since childhood also having interest in politics since adolescence. He holds a master's degree in political science. In 1998, he was chosen by L. K. Advani, the leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), to direct the election campaign in Gujarat as well as Himachal Pradesh.

He became Chief Minister of Gujarat in October 2001, promoted to the office at a time when his predecessor Keshubhai Patel had resigned, following the defeat of BJP in the by-elections. His tenure as chief minister of Gujarat began on 7 October 2001, and he is the longest serving Chief Minister of the state of Gujarat. In July 2007 he became the longest serving Chief Minister in Gujarat's history when he had been in power for 2063 days continuously. He was elected again for a third term on 23 December 2007 in the state elections, which he had cast as a "referendum on his rule".

Indrajith Sukumaran (born on 17 December 1979)) is an Indian film actor best known for his work in Malayalam cinema. He is the son of late actor Sukumaran. He debuted in Vinayan's film Umma penninu uriyada payyan.

Indrajith was born in 1979 as the elder son of actors Sukumaran and Mallika Sukumaran. A Sainik School alumnus, Indrajith got his degree in Computer Science from Rajas Engineering College near Nagercoil. He joined Nexage as a software professional before going into acting, where he first appeared in a television film called Annie.

On December 13, 2002, he married actress Poornima Mohan. They have two daughters named Praarthana and Nakshatra.^{[citation needed]} His brother Prithviraj Sukumaran is also a well-known actor in south Indian cinema.

His first cinematic role was in Ooomappenninu Uriyadappayyan, directed by Vinayan. He was noted for his villain role in the blockbuster Meesha Madhavan, directed by Lal Jose. He in 2011 debuted in Tamil.^{[citation needed]}

He acted alongside Mohanlal in Anwar Rasheed's Chotta Mumbai and Shaji Kailas's Baba Kalyani. His performance as the villain in Baba Kalyani was acclaimed by critics. He also acted in Lal Jose's film Arabikatha and Santhosh Sivan's Before the Rains. He paired with his brother Prithviraj Sukumaran in several films, including the 2006 film Classmates.^{[citation needed]}