The Carnation Revolution (Portuguese: Revolução dos Cravos), also referred to as the 25 de Abril (the 25 April), was a military coup started on 25 April 1974, in Lisbon, Portugal, coupled with an unanticipated and extensive campaign of civil resistance. The Portuguese celebrate Freedom Day on 25 April every year, and the day is a national holiday in Portugal.

The name "Carnation Revolution" comes from the fact no shots were fired and when the population started descending the streets to celebrate the end of the dictatorship and war in the colonies, carnation flowers were put on the guns' ends and on the uniforms. These events effectively changed the Portuguese regime from an authoritarian dictatorship (the Estado Novo) into a democracy, and produced enormous social, economic, territorial, demographic, and political changes in the country, after two years of a transitional period known as PREC (Processo Revolucionário Em Curso, or On-Going Revolutionary Process), characterized by social turmoil and power disputes between left- and right-wing political forces.

Charles Sousa (born on September 27, 1958 in Toronto, Ontario) is a politician in Ontario, Canada. He is the Member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) for the riding of Mississauga South, and is the province's Minister of Citizenship and Immigration and Minister Responsible for the 2015 Pan and Para Pan American Games in the Cabinet of Premier Dalton McGuinty. Prior to his re-appointment to Cabinet in October 2011, Sousa served as Minister of Labour and Parliamentary Assistant to the Minister of Economic Development and Trade

Sousa grew up in Mississauga, and is currently living in Clarkson with his wife Zenaida and their three children.

Charles Sousa graduated from Wilfrid Laurier University in 1982 with an Honours Bachelor of Business Administration. In 1991, he completed a fellowship at the Institute of Canadian Bankers. He then earned an Executive MBA from the Richard Ivey School of Business at the University of Western Ontario in 1994.

Before joining government, Sousa worked at Royal Bank of Canada (RBC) Financial Group for more than 20 years. Among his roles was Director of Business Development - Commercial Financial Services, Director of Government & Community Affairs promoting RBC's strategic initiatives and Senior Manager of Marketing at RBC Dominion Securities’ head office. Prior to working with RBC , he owned and operated a factoring company that offered financial services to small businesses.