Termez

Thursday, 31 January 2013

ECCHR High Level Hearing PART 1 THE STATE OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN UZBEKISTAN

Komm hol das Lasso raus;Bundeswehr in Termez [DAS ORIGINAL]

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Afghanistan
Afghanistan ⁱ/æfˈɡænɨstæn/ (Persian/Pashto: افغانستان, Afġānistān), officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located in the centre of Asia, forming part of South Asia, Central Asia, and Greater Middle East, it is also considered to be part of a broader West Asia. With a population of about 29 million, it has an area of 647,500 km² (250,001 sq mi), making it the 42nd most populous and 41st largest nation in the world. It is bordered by Pakistan in the south and the east, Iran in the west, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan in the north, and China in the far northeast.
Afghanistan has been an ancient focal point of the Silk Road and human migration. Archaeologists have found evidence of human habitation from as far back as 50,000 BC. Urban civilization may have begun in the area as early as 3,000 to 2,000 BC. Sitting at an important geostrategic location that connects the Middle East with Central Asia and the Indian subcontinent, the land has been home to various peoples through the ages and witnessed many military campaigns, notably by Alexander the Great, Genghis Khan, and in modern era Western forces. The land also served as a source from which the Greco-Bactrians, Kushans, Saffarids, Ghaznavids, Ghorids, Timurids, Mughals and many others have risen to form major empires.

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Andijan
Andijan or Andizhan (Uzbek: Andijon / Андижон; Russian: Андижан) is the fourth-largest city in Uzbekistan, and the capital of the Andijan Province. It is located in the east of the country, at 40°47′N 72°20′E / 40.783°N 72.333°E / 40.783; 72.333, in the Fergana Valley, near the border with Kyrgyzstan on the Andijan-Say River. It has a population of 323,900 (1999 census estimate).
Arab geographers from the tenth century and later give the name as Andiyon, Andukan, Andugan, and Andigan. The etymology is unknown; the traditional explanation links it to the Turkic tribal name Andi.
The city of Andijan is located in the eastern point of the chain of the first settlements of the early civilizations of Fergana Valley. Study of the history of Andijan began nearly 100 years ago. At different times in the city was historical-ethnographic and archaeological excavations scientists A.k. Pisarčik, v.i. Kozenkova, b. Abdulgazieva, s. Jalilov and others. Detailed archaeological research of the city were carried out in 80-ies of the last century by the Institute of archaeology of the Academy of Sciences. Information about the structural and spatial location of Andijan, meet on a topographic map, 1893. At stake were the quarters, mosques, mausoleums, the streets of the city. Archaeologists researching historical locations such as Andijan, Čordona, Sarvontepa, Âkkatepa, Koštepa, Ark ichi, Shakhristan.

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Bekabad
Bekabad (Uzbek: Bekobod / Бекобод; Russian: Бекабад) is a city in Toshkent Province, Eastern Uzbekistan. The city was founded in 1945 as Begovat and was renamed Bekabad in 1964. Population: 82,082 (1989 Census). Bekabad lies along both banks of the Syr Darya River at the extreme southern tip of the region. It is an important industrial center, with a large steel mill and cement factory. The Farkhad dam (architect Karakis J.Y.) and hydroelectric plant, just upstream from Bekabad, is a major source of electricity and irrigation water for Uzbekistan.
Bekobad is a railway junction on the national railway network.

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Beruniy
Beruniy also spelled as Beruni (Uzbek: Beruniy / Беруний; Karakalpak: Biruniy / Бируний; Russian: Беруни) is a town and seat of Beruniy District in Karakalpakstan in Uzbekistan.

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Bukhara
Bukhara (Tajik: Бухоро Bukhoro, Persian: بخارا; Uzbek: Buxoro; Russian: Бухара Bukhara), from the Soghdian βuxārak ("lucky place"), is the capital of the Bukhara Province (viloyat) of Uzbekistan. The nation's fifth-largest city, it has a population of 263,400 (2009 census estimate). The region around Bukhara has been inhabited for at least five millennia, and the city has existed for half that time. Located on the Silk Road, the city has long been a center of trade, scholarship, culture, and religion. The historic center of Bukhara, which contains numerous mosques and madrassas, has been listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. Ethnic Uzbek may constitute the largest element in Bukhara, with the native Tajiks being as numerous. The city long has had a mixed population including Jews and other ethnic minorities.
Bukhara was known as Bokhara in 19th and early 20th century English publications and as Buhe/Puhe（捕喝） in Tang Chinese.
Persian-speaking Soghdians inhabited the area, and some centuries later the Persian language became dominant among them. Encyclopædia Iranica mentions that the name Bukhara is possibly derived from the Soghdian βuxārak (Place of Good Fortune).

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Chimboy
Chimboy also spelled as Chimbay (Uzbek: Chimboy / Чимбой; Karakalpak: Shımbay / Шымбай; Russian: Чимбай) is a town and seat of Chimboy District in Karakalpakstan in Uzbekistan.

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Chirchiq
Chirchiq also spelled as Chirchik (Uzbek: Chirchiq / Чирчиқ; Russian: Чирчик) is a city (1999 pop. 145,600) in Toshkent Province, Uzbekistan, about 32 km northeast of Tashkent, along the Chirciq River. Chirchiq lies in the Chatkal Mountains.
It is located at latitude 41° 28' 8N; longitude 69° 34' 56E, 582 meters above sea level.
The city was founded in 1935, when several local villages grew together as a consequence of the construction of a hydroelectric power station on the Chirchiq River.
Chirchiq is in the middle of an intensively cultivated area, producing mainly vegetables and fruits, including melons and grapes. A large electrochemical works produces fertilizer for the region's collective farms. Chirchiq's industries also include the production of ferroalloys and machinery for the agricultural and chemical industries.
Chirchiq is also a major winter recreation area in the Tashkent Province. There is a ski resort near the city, named Chimgan, that attract tourists from throughout Central Asia and Russia. A water diversion on the Chirchiq River just outside the city provides the major source of drinking water for Tashkent and other cities to the south.

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Fergana
Coordinates: 40°23′11″N 71°47′11″E / 40.38639°N 71.78639°E / 40.38639; 71.78639 Fergana (Uzbek: Farg'ona/Фарғона; Persian: فرغانه‎ Farghāneh; Russian: Фергана́) is a city (population: 214,000), the capital of Fergana Province in eastern Uzbekistan, at the southern edge of the Fergana Valley in southern Central Asia, cutting across the borders of Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. Fergana is about 420 km east of Tashkent, and about 75 km west of Andijan.
The fertile Fergana Valley was an important conduit on the Silk Roads (more precisely the North Silk Road), which connected the ancient Chinese capital of Xi'an to the west over the Wushao Ling Mountain Pass to Wuwei and emerging in Kashgar before linking to ancient Parthia, or on to the north of the Aral and Caspian Seas to ports on the Black Sea.
The ancient kingdom referred to as Dayuan (大宛, "Great Yuan", literally "Great Ionians") in the Chinese chronicles is now generally accepted as being in the Ferghana Valley. It is sometimes, though less commonly, written as Dawan (大宛). Dayuan were Greeks, the descendants of the Greek colonists that were settled by Alexander the Great in Ferghana in 329 BCE, and prospered within the Hellenistic realm of the Seleucids and Greco-Bactrians, until they were isolated by the migrations of the Yuezhi around 160 BCE. It has been suggested that the name "Yuan" was simply a transliteration of the words “Yona”, or “Yavana”, used throughout antiquity in Asia to designate Greeks (“Ionians”). Their capital was Alexandria Eschate.

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Gijduvan
Gijduvan or Gizhduvan (Uzbek: G'ijduvon / Ғиждувон; Russian: Гиждуван) is a town in the Bukhara Province of Uzbekistan and the capital of Gizhduvan district (raion). Its population in 1970 was 16,000.
One of the three madrasahs built by Ulugh Beg is in Gijduvan (the others are in Samarkand and Bukhara). The tomb and memorial of a prominent Central Asian philosopher Abduholik Gijduvoni is also located in Gijduvan.
Historically, Gijduvan is used to be an educational, religious, and cultural center for Gijduvan and the province. However, starting from 1930's the population became increasingly secular and today the religion plays a very minor role in everyday life. Modern Gijduvan is a commercial center for not only Gijduvan raion but also for neighboring areas.
Gijduvan is famous for its local cuisine and is considered to have the best fish frying and shashlik making techniques. Shashlik is beef or lamb marinated overnight and grilled on skewers. Many other restaurants in the country, including those in the capital Tashkent copy Gijduvan's fish frying technique. The main difference is that in Gijduvan cooks de-bone the fish before frying while in the rest of the country fish is not de-boned.

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Guliston
Guliston also spelled as Gulistan (Uzbek: Guliston / Гулистoн; Russian: Гулистан), formerly known as Mirzachul (Russian: Мирзачуль, until 1961), is the capital of Sirdarya Province in eastern Uzbekistan. It lies in the southeastern part of the Mirzachül (formerly Golodnaya) steppe, 75 miles (120 km) southwest of Tashkent. It has an approx. population of 77,300. The main industry in the area is cottonpicking.
Population in:
Source: [1]
Guliston. (2007). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved September 28, 2007, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online: http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9038486
Coordinates: 40°29′N 68°47′E / 40.483°N 68.783°E / 40.483; 68.783

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Hairatan
Hairatan is a border town in the north of Balkh province, Afghanistan, on the Amu Darya river. The river forms the border with Uzbekistan, and the two nations are connected by the Afghanistan–Uzbekistan Friendship Bridge. The city of Termez in Uzbekistan is close to Hairatan. The altitude of Hairatan is 300m.
In the early 1990s, Hairatan was the location of the 70th Division of General Abdul Momen, who was loosely aligned with Abdul Rashid Dostum's National Islamic Movement of Afghanistan. After Momen's death by an RPG missile attack on 5 January 1994, the 70th Division split and Dostam loyalist Colonel General Helaluddin took command.
A freight terminal in Hairatan is the terminus of one of two rail lines in Afghanistan - a 10 km link to Termez. On January 22, 2010, the construction was started of a 75 km rail link from Hairatan to a terminal at Gur-e Mar near the city of Mazar-i-Sharif, Afghanistan's second largest commercial center. The project, part of the transport strategy and action plan of the Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Program, is contractually scheduled for completion by June 2011.

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Jizzakh
Jizzakh (Uzbek: Jizzax / Жиззах; Russian: Джизак) is a city (population 138,400 in 2004) and the center of Jizzakh Province in Uzbekistan, northeast of Samarkand.
Jizzakh was an important Silk Road junction on the road connecting Samarkand with Fergana Valley. It is at the edge of Golodnaya Steppe, and next to the strategic Pass of Jilanuti (Timur's Gate) in the Turkestan Mountains, controlling the approach to the Zeravshan Valley, Samarkand and Bukhara.
The name Jizzakh derives from the Sogdian word for "small fort" and the present city is built of the site of the Sogdian town of Osrūshana. After the Arab conquest of Sogdiana, Jizzakh served as a market town between the nomadic raiders and settled farmers. The Arabs built a series of rabats (blockhouses) at Jizzakh, housing ghazis to protect the people. By the 19th century, these blockhouses had evolved into a major fortress for the Emirate of Bukhara. Russian General Mikhail Chernyayev, the “Lion of Tashkent” failed in his first attempt to take Jizzakh, but succeed in his second try, with a loss of 6 men, against 6000 dead for the defenders. The old town was mostly destroyed, its remaining inhabitants evicted, and Russian settlers brought in.

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Khiva
Khiva (Uzbek: Xiva / Хива; Persian: خیوه / Khiveh‎; Russian: Хива; alternative or historical names include Khorasam, Khoresm, Khwarezm, Khwarizm, Khwarazm, Chorezm, and Persian: خوارزم‎) is a city of approximately 50,000 people located in Xorazm Province, Uzbekistan. It is the former capital of Khwarezmia and the Khanate of Khiva. Itchan Kala in Khiva was the first site in Uzbekistan to be inscribed in the World Heritage List (1991).
In the early part of its history, the inhabitants of the area were from Iranian stock and spoke an Eastern Iranian language called Khwarezmian. Subsequently the Iranic ruling class was replaced by Turks in the 10th century A.D, and the region gradually tuned into an area with a majority of Turkic speakers.
The city of Khiva was first recorded by Muslim travellers in the 10th century, although archaeologists assert that the city has existed since the 6th century. By the early 17th century, Khiva had become the capital of the Khanate of Khiva, ruled by a branch of the Astrakhans, a Genghisid dynasty.

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Kokand
Kokand (Uzbek: Qo‘qon / Қўқон; Tajik: Хӯқанд; Persian: خوقند‎; Chagatai: خوقند; Russian: Коканд) is a city in Fergana Province in eastern Uzbekistan, at the southwestern edge of the Fergana Valley. It has a population of 192,500 (1999 census estimate). Kokand is 228 km (142 mi) southeast of Tashkent, 115 km (71 mi) west of Andijan, and 88 km (55 mi) west of Fergana. It is nicknamed “City of Winds”, or sometimes “Town of the Boar".
Kokand is on the crossroads of the ancient trade routes, at the junction of two main routes into the Fergana Valley, one leading northwest over the mountains to Tashkent, and the other west through Khujand. As a result, Kokand is the main transportation junction in the Fergana Valley.
Kokand has existed since at least the 10th century, under the name of Khavakend and was frequently mentioned in traveler’s accounts of the caravan route between India and China. The Mongols destroyed Kokand in the 13th century.
The present city began as a fort in 1732 on the site of another older fortress called Eski-Kurgan. In 1740, it became the capital of an Uzbek kingdom, the Khanate of Kokand, which reached as far as Kyzylorda to the west and Bishkek to the northeast. Kokand was also the major religious center of the Fergana Valley, boasting more than 300 mosques.

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Kosonsoy
Kosonsoy also spelled as Kasansay (Uzbek: Kosonsoy / Кoсoнсoй; Tajik: Кoсoнсoй; Russian: Касансай) is a town in Uzbekistan. Kosonsoy in Namangan Province is different from the town of Koson of the Qashqadaryo Province of Uzbekistan. Kosonsoy is named after the River "Koson" which flows from high mountains of Kyrgyzstan to Turakurgan District of Namangan Province of Uzbekistan, the word "soy" in Tajik means "small river".
Kosonsoy is an ancient place, its first settlements date back to times of Kushan Empire. The word "koson" came out from the word Kushan. Kosonsoy was an essential part of Kushan Empire together with ancient city Akhsikent, near Namangan city. There are still remains of ancient Mug Castle of Kushanids in the north part of the city But in other books were written that the "Koson" means "Big town","strong castle".
Kosonsoy has a population about 43,684 inhabitants. The centre of district is town of Kosonsoy. The majority of population in Kosonsoy are ethnic Tajiks.
There are five Secondary Special Education Colleges (SSEC) and one Academic Lyceum in Kosonsoy. SSECs include medical College, pedagogical College, transport and communication College, Technical college and few others. There are about 46 secondary schools in Kosonsoy,two or three of them are Tajik schools and one Russian and Uzbek school.

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Margilan
Margilan (Uzbek: Marg‘ilon / Марғилон; Russian: Маргилан) is a city (2009 pop 197,000) in Fergana Province in eastern Uzbekistan. It is located at latitude 40°28' 16 N: longitude 71°43' 29 E. at an altitude of 487 meters.
According to European legend, Margilan was founded by Alexander the Great. On a lunch stop, he was given chicken (murgh; in Persian مرغ) and bread (nan; in Persian نان), from which the town took its name. More reliable records indicate that Margilan was an important stop on the Silk Road by the 9th century AD, along the route going across the Alay Mountains to Kashgar.
Writing in the early 16th century, the founder of the Mughal dynasty, Babur, mentioned that “the pomegranates and apricots are superb .... the game in Margilan is good; white deer may be found nearby. The people are Sarts. They are a feisty people, ready with their fists. The custom of exorcism is widespread throughout Transoxiana, and most of the renowned exorcists of Samarkand and Bukhara are Margilanis. The author of the Hidaya (Burhan ud-din Ali ben Abu Bakr al-Marghilani) was from a Margilan village called Rishtan”. . This reputation for toughness extends to modern times. Margilan merchants were key players in Central Asian commerce, and were said to be a law unto themselves during Soviet days, when Margilan was the heart of Uzbekistan’s black market. Margilan today is also a stronghold of conservative Islam.

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Namangan
Namangan (Uzbek: Namangan / Наманган; Russian: Наманган) is the third-largest city in Uzbekistan (2011 pop. 449,200.). It is the capital of Namangan Province, in the northern edge of Fergana Valley of north-eastern Uzbekistan.
Namangan is about 300 km east of Tashkent, about 65 km west of Andijan, and about 75 km north of Fergana. It is located 1561 feet (476 meters) above sea level. The Qoradaryo and Naryn Rivers join together to form the Syr Darya just outside the southern edge of the city.
Namangan was originally a settlement of the native Uyghur Turkish^{[citation needed]} population of central Asia.^{[citation needed]} After the destructive earthquake in Akhsikanth city, the population of the city moved to Namangan.
Namangan was part of the Uyghur Empire, the Karakhanid State and was known to have been a settlement in the 15th century and a part of the Khanate of Kokand by the middle of the 18th century. It takes its name from the local salt mines (in Persian: نمک‌کان namak kan).^{[citation needed]} At the time of the Russian occupation, Namangan was a center of Islamic learning, with 20 madrassahs and over 600 mosques.^{[citation needed]} After annexation by the Russians in 1876, cotton production and food processing became the dominant economic activity. Namangan suffered a destructive earthquake in 1926. The primary language of the people of the Namangan region is Uzbek; Tajik is spoken partially in Chust and Kasan-sai districts.

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Navoiy
Navoiy also spelled as Navoi (Uzbek: Navoiy / Навоий; Russian: Навои) is a city (pop 125,800 in 2007) and the capital of Navoiy Province in the southwestern part of Uzbekistan. It is located at latitude 40° 5' 4N; longitude 65° 22' 45E, at an altitude of 382 meters. The city is named after Ali-Shir Nava'i.
Originally known as Kermine ("Karmana") under the Emirate of Bukhara, the city was re-founded in 1958, under the name of the great Uzbek poet and statesman Alisher Navoi, who wrote in Persian and Chaghatai at the court of Emir Husein Boykara (or Husayn Bayqaro) in Herat.
Navoiy Region has large stocks of natural gas and deposits of precious metals, as well as large stocks of raw materials for production of construction materials. Among these enterprises are Navoi and Zarafshan Gold Mining and Metallurgical Complexes, which extract one of the purest gold in the world. The enterprise NavoiyAzot is the largest producer of mineral fertilizers in the country.
Navoiy Free Industrial Economic Zone (FIEZ)

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Nukus
Nukus (Uzbek: Nukus / Нукус; Karakalpak: No‘kis / Нөкис; Russian: Нукус) is the sixth-largest city in Uzbekistan, and the capital of the autonomous Karakalpakstan Republic. It has a population of 260,000 (2004 estimate). The Amu Darya river passes west of the town.
The city is best known for its world-class Nukus Museum of Art.
Nukus developed from a small settlement in 1932 into a large, modern Soviet city with broad avenues and big public buildings by the 1950s. The city's isolation made it host to the Red Army's Chemical Research Institute, a major research and testing center for Chemical Weapons.
With the fall of the Soviet Union and the growing environmental disaster of the Aral Sea, the city's situation has deteriorated. Contamination of the region by wind-borne salt and pesticides from the dry Aral Sea bed have turned the surrounding area into a wasteland, with very high rates of respiratory disorders, cancer, birth defects and deformities.
Nukus is host to the Nukus Museum of Art (also known as the State Art Museum of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, named after Igor V. Savitsky) and State Museum. The State Museum houses the usual collection of artifacts recovered from archaeological investigations, traditional jewelry, costumes and musical instruments, but more interestingly, displays of the area's now vanished or endangered flora and fauna, and on the Aral Sea issue. The Art Museum is noted for its collection of modern Russian and Uzbek art from 1918-1935. Stalin tried his best to eliminate all non Soviet art from this period, and sent most of the artists to the gulag. Both Savitsky himself and the collection at Nukus survived because of the city's remoteness. The documentary film The Desert of Forbidden Art is all about the collection and its history.

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Olmaliq
Olmaliq also spelled as Almalyk (Uzbek: Olmaliq / Олмалиқ; Russian: Алмалык) is a city (2004 pop est 138,000) in the Tashkent Province of central Uzbekistan, approximately 65 km east of Tashkent. It is located at latitude 40° 50' 41N; longitude 69° 35' 54E; at an altitude of 585 meters.
Almalyk is a company town developed by the Soviet Union in the 1930s, to exploit local reserves of copper, lead, zinc, gold, silver and barite. The town contains several enormous smelting facilities and related industries operated today by JSC Almalyk MMC, one of the largest mining-metallurgical enterprises in Uzbekistan.
The smelter operations have extensively contaminated Almalyk, which is considered one of the most polluted places on earth. The air has high concentrations of sulphuric acid fumes and the ground has hundreds of tons of toxic waste. The Uzbek government has resisted calls to close the plant, arguing that the country's economy cannot afford to do so: The plant employs around 25,000 residents of the city, and accounts for a substantial share of the region's economy. However, in January 2005 the government announced plans to clean up the area, with a target of 2010.

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Qarshi
Qarshi (Uzbek: Qarshi / Қарши; Persian: نخشب / Nakhshab‎; Russian: Karshi / Карши; Mongolian: Kharsh-khot / Харш-хот) is a city in southern Uzbekistan. It is the capital of Qashqadaryo Province and has a population of 197,600 (1999 census estimate). It is about 520 km south-southwest of Tashkent, and about 335 km north of Uzbekistan's border with Afghanistan. It is located at latitude 38° 51' 48N; longitude 65° 47' 52E at an altitude of 374 meters. The city is important in natural gas production, but Qarshi is also famous for its production of woven flat carpets.
Originally the Sogdian city of Nakhshab, and the Islamic Uzbek (Turkic) city of Nasaf, and the Mongolian Uzbek (East Asian) city of Kharsh-khot, Qarshi was the second city of the Emirate of Bukhara. It is in the center of a fertile oasis that produces wheat, cotton, and silk and was a stop on the 11 day caravan route between Balkh and Bukhara. The Chagatai's Mongolian Khans Kebek and Qazan built palaces here on the site of Chinggis Khaan's summer pasture. In 1364, Timur also built a fortified palace with moats in what is now the southern part of the city. The modern name "Qarshi" means fort.

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Qorasuv
Qorasuv (also transliterated as Korasuv, Karasu, Kara-Soo, Kara-Sui; Uzbek: Qorasuv / Қорасув; Russian: Карасу) is a town in Andijan Province in eastern Uzbekistan, about 50 km from the district capital of Andijan. The town's name means "black water" in Uzbek (qora - black, suv - water). It lies in the politically volatile and religiously conservative Fergana Valley, along the border with Kyrgyzstan. In 1989 it had a population of 19,500.
It is essentially one town with Kara-Suu in Kyrgyzstan, but is separated from the latter by a Soviet-era border which today is tightly controlled by Uzbekistan. Korasuv was the second town in Uzbekistan to be sealed off during the Andijan massacre in spring 2005, when some 6,000 people fled across the border. A border town, it is an important market town, especially for cottonseed oil trading.

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Samarkand
Coordinates: 39°39′15″N 66°57′35″E / 39.65417°N 66.95972°E / 39.65417; 66.95972
Samarkand (Tajik: Самарқанд; Persian: سمرقند‎; Uzbek: Samarqand; from Sogdian: "Stone Fort" or "Rock Town") is the second-largest city in Uzbekistan and the capital of Samarqand Province. The city is most noted for its central position on the Silk Road between China and the West, and for being an Islamic centre for scholarly study. In the 14th century it became the capital of the empire of Timur (Tamerlane) and is the site of his mausoleum (the Gur-e Amir). The Bibi-Khanym Mosque remains one of the city's most notable landmarks. The Registan was the ancient center of the city.
In 2001, UNESCO added the city to its World Heritage List as Samarkand – Crossroads of Cultures.
The city was known by an abbreviated name of Marakanda when Alexander the Great took it in 332BC. There are various theories of how Marakanda evolved into Samarkanda/Samarkan. One derives the name from the Old Persian asmara, "stone", "rock", and Sogdian kand, "fort", "town". Others less convincingly derive the name from the old Turkic "Semiz-Kent" meaning "Rich City".^{[citation needed]}. Since the name Marakanda was already in existence 2300 years ago and long before anyone had heard of Turks in that region of Transoxiana, this version is likely a folk etymology.

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Shahrisabz
Shakhrisabz (Uzbek: Шаҳрисабз Shahrisabz; Persian: شهر سبز‎ shahr-i sabz; Russian: Шахрисабз), is a city in Uzbekistan located approximately 80 km south of Samarkand with the population of 53,000 (1991). It is located at the altitude of 622 m. Once a major city of Central Asia, it is primarily known today as the birthplace of 14th century Turco-Mongol conqueror Timur. Its name (شهر سبز) means "green/verdant city" in Persian.
Formerly known as Kesh (i.e., "heart-pleasing") and tentatively identified with the ancient Nautaca Shahrisabz should be counted among Central Asia’s most ancient cities. It was founded more than 2700 years ago.
From the 6th to 4th centuries BC it was a part of Akhemenid empire.
Alexander the Great's general Ptolemy captured the satrap of Bactria and pretender to the Persian throne, Bessus, at Nautaca thus ending the once great Achaemenid Empire. Alexander the Great chose to spend his winters and met his wife Roxanna in the area in 328-327 BC.
From 4th to 8th century Kesh was one of urban centers of Sogdiana.

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Sirdaryo
Sirdaryo also spelled as Syrdarya (Uzbek: Sirdaryo / Сирдарё; Russian: Сырдарья) is a city in Uzbekistan.
Coordinates: 40°51′N 68°40′E / 40.85°N 68.667°E / 40.85; 68.667

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Surxondaryo Province
Coordinates: 38°0′N 67°30′E / 38°N 67.5°E / 38; 67.5
Surxondaryo Province (Uzbek: Surxondaryo viloyati, Сурхондарё вилояти, Persian: سرخان‌دریا‎, UniPers: "sorxāndaryā"), old spelling Surkhandarya Province is a viloyat (province) of Uzbekistan, located in the extreme south-east of the country. Established on March 6, 1941, it borders on Turkmenistan, Tajikstan, Afghanistan and Qashqadaryo Province. It covers an area of 20,100 km². The population is estimated at 1,925,100 (end of 2005 data), with 80% living in rural areas. According to official data, 83% of the population are Uzbeks and 1% Tajiks. The highest point of Province and also of Uzbekistan is Khazrati Sulton peak reaching 4,643 m/15,233 ft in Gissar Range.
The provincial capital is Termez with population of 122,900 and the second largest city is Denov (Denau) with 69,500 inhabitants (data for 2005). Other major towns include Boysun, Jarqo‘rg‘on, Qumqo‘rg‘on, Shargun, Sherobod, Sho‘rchi, and Sariosiyo.
The climate is typical continental with mild wet winters and hot dry summers. The southern part of the province is in the Badkhiz-Karabil semi-desert ecoregion (PA0808), characterized by a savanna of pistachio and desert sedge. The northern portion is characterized by open woodlands (Gissaro-Alai open woodlands ecoregion, PA1306), with characteristic plants being pistachio, almond, walnut, apple, and juniper. Sagebrush is common at lower elevations [the cited link does not lead to this information: need a direct link]

wn.com/Surxondaryo_Province
Tashkent
Tashkent (/ˌtæʃˈkɛnt/; Uzbek: Toshkent, Тошкент; Russian: Ташкент, [tɐʂˈkʲent]; literally "Stone City") is the capital of Uzbekistan and of the Tashkent Province. The officially registered population of the city in 2008 was about 2.2 million. Unofficial sources estimate the actual population may be as much as 4.45 million.
During its long history, Tashkent has had various changes in names and political and religious affiliations.
Tashkent started as an oasis on the Chirchik River, near the foothills of the West Tian Shan Mountains. In ancient times, this area contained Beitian, probably the summer "capital" of the Kangju confederacy.
In pre-Islamic and early Islamic times the town and the province were known as "Chach". The Shahnameh of Ferdowsi also refers to the city as Chach. Later the town came to be known as Chachkand/Chashkand, meaning "Chach City".^{[citation needed]} The principality of Chach, whose main town had a square citadel built around the 5th to 3rd centuries BC, some 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) south of the Syr Darya River. By the 7th century AD, Chach had over 30 towns and a network of over 50 canals, forming a trade center between the Sogdians and Turkic nomads. The Buddhist monk Xuánzàng 玄奘 (602/603? – 664 CE), who travelled from China to India through Central Asia, mentioned the name of the city as Zhěshí 赭時. The Chinese chronicles Suí shū 隋書 (Book of Suí), Běi shǐ 北史 (History of Northern Dynasties) and Táng shū 唐書 (Book of Táng) mention a possession called Shí 石 or Zhěshí 赭時 with a capital of the same name since the fifth century AD [Bichurin, 1950. v. II]. The region came under the sway of Islam in the early parts of the 8th century.

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Termez
Termez (Uzbek: Termiz/Термиз; Russian: Термез; Persian: ترمذ‎ Termez, Tirmiz) is a city in southern Uzbekistan near the border with Afghanistan.
Some link the name of the city to thermos, "hot" in Greek, tracing its name back to Alexander the Great. Others suggest that it came from Sanskrit taramato, meaning "on the river bank". It is the hottest point of Uzbekistan. It has a population of 140,404 (1 January 2005), and is the capital of Surxondaryo Province.
Its most famous native son is Al-Tirmidhi, born in its suburb Bugh and buried 60 kilometers north of Termez, on the outskirts of Sherobod. He is locally known as Iso At Termezi or Termez Ota (Father of Termez City). Hakim-e-Termizi, one of the famous Sufi leaders, is buried in the suburbs of Termez. He is also known as Termez Ota (Father of Termez City). It was once a great center of Buddhism and Islam.
The river Amu Darya divides the two countries of Uzbekistan and Afghanistan and the Afghanistan–Uzbekistan Friendship Bridge crosses the river to Hairatan in Afghanistan. Termez is also served by Termez Airport, with flights to Tashkent.

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Urgut
Urgut (Uzbek: Urgut / Ургут; Russian: Ургут) is a town in the Samarqand Province of Uzbekistan and the capital of Urgut District. It is known for the grove of platans, some of which are more than 1000 years old. Urgut is located in mountainous areas.
Urgutlik (also known as Urguti in Tajik) people are a subgroup of ethnic Uzbeks who track their ancestry to people from a town of Urgut. There are almost 500,000 people who describe themselves as Urgutlik. Urgutlik people frequently use Tajik words in their daily conversation. Majority of the population speak Uzbek; however, there are some Tajik ethnic villages and they speak Tajik.
Urguti people are heavily involved in basic mercantile trading in their respective locations and in farming. In the town craftsmanship is also well-known which has been maintained traditionally throughout the centuries.^{[citation needed]}
Urgut's biggest market with varied and relatively inexpensive merchandise attracts folks even from Samarkand, the capital of the Province

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Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan ⁱ/ʊzˌbɛkɨˈstɑːn/, officially the Republic of Uzbekistan (Uzbek: O‘zbekiston Respublikasi, Ўзбекистон Республикаси) is the only doubly landlocked country in Central Asia and one of only two such countries worldwide. It shares borders with Kazakhstan to the west and to the north, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan to the east, and Afghanistan and Turkmenistan to the south. Before 1991, it was part of the Soviet Union.
Uzbekistan is one of the Turkic states in Central Asia.
Once part of the Persian Samanid and later Timurid empires, the region was conquered in the early 16th century by Uzbek nomads, who spoke an Eastern Turkic language. Most of Uzbekistan’s population today belong to the Uzbek ethnic group and speak the Uzbek language, one of the family of Turkic languages.
Uzbekistan was incorporated into the Russian Empire in the 19th century, and in 1924 became a constituent republic of the Soviet Union, known as the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic (Uzbek SSR). It became independent on 31 August 1991 (officially, from the following day).

wn.com/Uzbekistan
Yangiabad
Yangiabad is a city located in the Angren municipality of Tashkent Province, Uzbekistan.
The village has only three sources of drinking water. The village was previously the site of Kolkhoz (collective farms), but currently there are only farmers and workers. The farmers file quarterly reports to the mayor of Fergana Province.
Every year the government sets a new plan for the year, and the plan for each farmer will be different depending on how much land the farmer holds.
Coordinates: 41°07′09″N 70°05′39″E / 41.1191666767°N 70.0941666767°E / 41.1191666767; 70.0941666767

wn.com/Yangiabad
Yangiyer
Yangiyer (Uzbek: Yangiyer / Янгиер; Russian: Янгиер) is a city (1991 pop. 29.600) in Sirdaryo Province, Eastern Uzbekistan. It was established in 1957 as part of the grand Soviet project to cultivate the naturally saline virgin lands of Golodnaya Steppe, a vast area of about 10,000 square kilometres in Eastern Uzbekistan. The shortage of irrigation water was the main problem hindering the development of agriculture in the area.
The city has several plants including a plant of building materials (комбинат стройматериалов), pipe plant (гончарно-дренажный завод), asphalt plant (асфальтобетонный).
Yangier also has a branch of Tashkent Institute of Agriculture and Irrigation Engineering (Филиал Ташкентского Института Инженеров Ирригации и Механизации Сельского Хозяйства), a college of civil engineering (коммунально-строительный техникум) and a museum dedicated to cultivation of virgin lands of Golodnaya Steppe (Музей "Освоение Голодной Степи")
Coordinates: 40°16′N 68°49′E / 40.267°N 68.817°E / 40.267; 68.817

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Al Khakim At Termizi
Tirmidhī (ترمذی), also transliterated as Tirmizi, was a Muslim scholar. His full name is: Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Ali bin Hasan bin Bashir (in some sources it is 'Bishr') Al Khakim At-Termizi. He is locally known as At-Termizi or Termiz Ota ("Father of Termiz city").
Information about his life and scientific and creative activities can be found in the works by Taj ad-Din Subki (Tabakat Ash-Shafii'yya Al-kubro), Hatiba Baghdad (Tarih Baghdad), Ibn Hajara AskAlani (Lisan Al-Miyzan), Sulami (Tabakat As-Sufiyya) and in a number of other treatises.
Al Khakim At-Termizi speaks about his life in his book Bad'u Shaani Abu Abdullah ("The Beginning of Abu Abdullah's Pursuit"), published in Beirut in 1965 by Yakh'ya Ismail Usman, together with the work of the scientist in Hatm Al-Avliya ("Seal of the Saints").
Different dates are used in written sources and present literature to indicate Al Khakim At-Termizi's date of birth and death. Some authors, Khwaja Khalif in particular, in his Kashf as-Zunun, give the year 255 in Hijra / 869 AD as Al Khakim At-Termizi's date of death. The same date was written on Al Khakim At-Termizi's tomb. If we proceed from the fact that Al Khakim At-Termizi lived more than one hundred years, some sources say 112, 116 or 120 years, he was born approximately between 750–760 AD. At the same time, Abdulfattah Abdullah Baraka who wrote his great "Al Khakim At-Termizi and Nazariyyatukhu fil" ("Al Khakim At-Termizi and his theory") thirty years ago, said that Al Khakim At-Termizi, was born in 205 in Hijri / 820 and died in 320 in Hijri / 932 and lived 112 years.

wn.com/Al_Khakim_At_Termizi
Alexander the Great
Alexander III of Macedon (20/21 July 356 – 10/11 June 323 BC), commonly known as Alexander the Great (Greek: Ἀλέξανδρος ὁ Μέγας, Aléxandros ho Mégas from the Greek αλέξω alexo "to defend, help" + ανήρ aner "man"), was a king of Macedon, a state in northern ancient Greece. Born in Pella in 356 BC, Alexander was tutored by Aristotle until the age of 16. By the age of thirty, he had created one of the largest empires of the ancient world, stretching from the Ionian Sea to the Himalayas. He was undefeated in battle and is considered one of history's most successful commanders.
Alexander succeeded his father, Philip II of Macedon, to the throne in 336 BC after Philip was assassinated. Upon Philip's death, Alexander inherited a strong kingdom and an experienced army. He was awarded the generalship of Greece and used this authority to launch his father's military expansion plans. In 334 BC, he invaded Persian-ruled Asia Minor and began a series of campaigns that lasted ten years. Alexander broke the power of Persia in a series of decisive battles, most notably the battles of Issus and Gaugamela. He subsequently overthrew the Persian King Darius III and conquered the entirety of the Persian Empire. At that point, his empire stretched from the Adriatic Sea to the Indus River.

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Timur
Timur (Turkish: Demir "iron", Persian: تمور‎ Timūr, Chagatai: Temür "iron"; 8 April 1336 – 18 February 1405), historically known as Tamerlane (from Persian: تيمور لنگ‎, Timūr-i Lang, Aksak Timur "Timur the Lame" in Turkish), was a Turkic, who conquered West, South and Central Asia, and the founder of the Timurid dynasty. He was the grandfather of Ulugh Beg, who ruled Central Asia from 1411 to 1449, and the great-great-grandfather of Babur, founder of the Mughal Empire, which ruled South Asia for centuries.
Timur envisioned the restoration of the Mongol Empire of Genghis Khan. Unlike his predecessors Timur was also a devout Muslim and referred to himself as the Sword of Islam. His armies were inclusively multi-ethnic and multicultural. During his lifetime Timur would emerge as the most powerful ruler in the Muslim world after defeating the formidable Mamluks of Egypt and Syria, the emerging Ottoman Empire and the declining Sultanate of Delhi; Timur had also decisively defeated the Knights Hospitaler at Smyrna and since then referred to himself as a Ghazi. By the end of his reign Timur had also gained complete suzerainty over all the remnants of the Chagatai Khanate, Ilkhanate, Golden Horde and even the Yuan Khanate.

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Uzbek language
Uzbek (O‘zbek tili or O‘zbekcha in Latin script, Ўзбек тили or Ўзбекча in Cyrillic script; اوزبیک تیلی or اوزبیکچه in Arabic script) is a Turkic language and the official language of Uzbekistan. It has about 40 million native speakers, and it is spoken by the Uzbeks in Uzbekistan and elsewhere in Central Asia. Uzbek belongs to the southeastern Turkic or Uyghur family of Turkic languages, and consequently its lexicon and grammar are most closely linked to the Uyghur language, while other influences rose from Persian, Arabic and Russian.
One of the most distinguishing aspects of Uzbek from other Turkic languages is its rounding of the vowel /a/ to /ɒ/ or /ɔ/, a feature influenced by Persian.
Turkic speakers have probably settled in the Amu-Darya, Syr-Darya and Zeravshan river basins since at least AD 600–700, gradually ousting or assimilating the speakers of Eastern Iranian languages who previously inhabited Soghdiana, Bactria and Chorasmia. The first Turkic dynasty in the region was that of the Karakhanids in the 9th–12th centuries AD, who were a confederation of Karluks (Qarluq), Chigil, Yaghma and other tribes.

wn.com/Uzbek_language

ECCHR High Level Hearing PART 1 THE STATE OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN UZBEKISTAN

ECCHR High Level Hearing From the Uzbek Cotton Fields to the Termez Military Base Film Par...

published: 17 Apr 2012

author: ECCHR Berlin

Termez City Today

...

published: 15 Oct 2011

author: Surkhan Darya

Welcome to Termez

...

published: 04 Oct 2012

author: Surkhan Darya

Termez, Surkhandarya Термез Сурхандаря

Termez, Surkhandarya Термез Сурхандаря...

published: 26 Jul 2009

author: Sherzodjon Kholmatov

Uzbekistan-Termez

Turmez - Uzbekistan...

published: 30 Jan 2011

author: ozod76

Termez - Pearl Of The East

...

published: 28 Sep 2012

author: Surkhan Darya

Bundeswehrstützpunkt Termez Teil 1/2

Reportage über den Bundeswehrstützpunkt Termez / Usbekistan vom Juni 2007...

published: 08 Mar 2008

author: ekkohard

Esther Filly Outtake in Termez

Esther lernt die erste Grundtechnik des Kamerainterviews: Folge der Kamera!...

published: 04 Dec 2012

author: wisper42

Truppenküche Termez

Ohne Mampf kein Kampf. Schnippeln im Hinterhof der Containerburg. In der Truppenküche im u...

published: 18 Aug 2010

author: Bundeswehr

Komm hol das Lasso raus;Bundeswehr in Termez [DAS ORIGINAL]

Ein Video über das Einsatzgeschwader Termez. Es wird gezeigt das man nach einem ansträngen...

published: 16 Oct 2007

author: swissTools

TERMEZ JONI

...

published: 13 Mar 2012

author: 16042011162

Oybek Xalilov Termez Surkhandaryo

...

published: 21 Nov 2010

author: Sherzodjon Kholmatov

Termez (GER vs. UZB)

Freundschaftsspiel der Auswahlmannschaft des StratLTStp gegen eine Militärauswahl der Stad...

published: 18 Sep 2009

author: Tuckel1982

Kargolina i Termez

калейка на УЗБ...

published: 28 Jun 2012

author: kubiza kub

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photo: AP / Aleppo Revolution Against Assad Regime

This citizen journalism image provided by Aleppo Revolution Against Assad's Regime which has been authenticated based on its contents and other AP reporting, shows dead bodies on a street in Aleppo, Syria Tuesday, Jan. 29, 2013.

Syria Massacre: Group Says At Least 65 Found Shot In Head, With Hands Bound In Aleppo

Huffington Post

29 Jan 2013

By Alexander Dziadosz and Oliver Holmes. BEIRUT, Jan 29 (Reuters) - At least 65 people were found shot dead with their hands bound in the northern Syrian city of Aleppo on Tuesday in a "new massacre" in the near two-year revolt against President Bashar al-Assad, activists said. Opposition campaigners blamed the government but it was impossible to confirm who was responsible ... The U.N ... State media did not mention the incident ... STALEMATE ... ....(size: 9.0Kb)

photo: AP / Ariel Schalit

Israeli troops patrol along the border between Israel and Syria

Israeli jets targeted military research center: Syria

Zeenews

31 Jan 2013

Zeenews Bureau. Damascus. The Syrian Army has confirmed that Israeli Air Force fighter planes carried out strikes in its territory, but denied reports of a convoy carrying weapons to Lebanon was bombed. The Syrian Army statement says that the IAF jet fighters’ target was a military research centre near the border with Lebanon. Two people have been reported to be dead and five others injured in the attack ... First Published ... ....(size: 2.6Kb)

photo: AP / Korea Aerospace Research Institute

In this photo released by Korea Aerospace Research Institute, South Korea's rocket lifts off from its launch pad at the Naro Space Center in Goheung, South Korea, Wednesday, Jan. 30, 2013.

South Korea launches rocket carrying satellite in battle for space supremacy

The Guardian

30 Jan 2013

Launch of 140-tonne rocket likely to anger North Korea, which incurred tougher UN sanctions after December launch. The rocket takes off from its launchpad at Naro, south of Seoul. South Korea has twice before failed to put a satellite into space. Photograph. Kari/AFP/Getty Images ... Relief greeted the Naro rocket's flawless liftoff from a space centre on the south coast at 4pm local time ... ....(size: 3.1Kb)

photo: AP / David Guttenfelder

N. Korea revealed - on Google

Star Tribune

30 Jan 2013

SEOUL - Until Tuesday, North Korea appeared on Google Maps as a near-total white space -- no roads, no train lines, no parks and no restaurants. The only thing labeled was the capital city, Pyongyang. This all changed when Google, on Tuesday, rolled out a detailed map of one of the world's most secretive states ... Similar processes were used in other once-unmapped countries like Afghanistan and Myanmar ... ....(size: 2.4Kb)

photo: AP / Patrick Semansky

Obama calls for swift overhaul on immigration

Pittsburgh Post-Gazette

30 Jan 2013

LAS VEGAS -- Seizing an opening to rewrite the nation's immigration laws, President Barack Obama challenged Congress on Tuesday to act swiftly to put 11 million illegal immigrants living in the United States on a clear path to citizenship ... The response suggests that reaching consensus on immigration law changes remained difficult despite a new bipartisan push since the November elections ... Mr ... Sen ... He continued ... Although Mr ... Mr ... Mr ... ....(size: 5.5Kb)

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Uzbekistan railways sums up 2012 results (Government of Republic of Uzbekistan)

noodls

31 Jan 2013

(Source. Government of Republic of Uzbekistan). 31.01.2013 ... The event was attended by specialists of the sphere and members of national and foreign press. ... Among the prospective plans of Uzbek railway workers one can highlight rehabilitation of 240 km railway lines, completion of electrification of the Marokand-Karshi section and acceleration of electrification of the Karshi-Termez section. . distributed by ... (noodl. 17383176) ....(size: 4.1Kb)

Tashkent Hosts the Republican Conference of Uzbek Women (Government of Republic of Uzbekistan)

noodls

26 Jan 2013

(Source. Government of Republic of Uzbekistan). 26.01.2013 ... A detailed discussion of the work in this direction takes place at the Republican Conference of the Uzbek Women ... Reporters of Uzbekistan National News Agency (UzA) talked to some of the conference participants ... I was born and grew up in Uzbekistan ... Gulora Alimatova, associate professor of the department of basics of spirituality and law of Termez State University . ... distributed by....(size: 4.7Kb)

On the results of socio-economic development of Uzbekistan in 2012 and main priorities of economic program for 2013 (Government of Republic of Uzbekistan)

noodls

23 Jan 2013

(Source. Government of Republic of Uzbekistan) On the results of socio-economic development of Uzbekistan in 2012 and main priorities of economic program for 2013. 23.01.2013 ... Electrification of Marakand-Karshi and Karshi-Termez railway sections, rehabilitation of 240 km railroads, as well as completion of modernization of foundry-mechanical plant of the O'zbekiston temir yollari railways company should be given priority direction....(size: 14.7Kb)

Forum of NGOs of Uzbekistan Held in Termez (Government of Republic of Uzbekistan)

noodls

11 Dec 2012

(Source. Government of Republic of Uzbekistan). 11.12.2012. Forum of nongovernmental and non-commercial organizations of Uzbekistan was held in Termez ... The concept of further deepening democratic reforms and forming of civil society in the country defined by President Islam Karimov serves as a policy document in the expansion of the scope of work in this direction ... Currently, more than three hundred NGOs are acting in Surkhandarya region....(size: 3.5Kb)

Buying Uzbek help for Afghanistan withdrawal

Deutsche Welle

19 Nov 2012

The Bundeswehr will mainly use the airbase at Mazar-i-Sharif in northern Afghanistan, but there's also a German military airbase in Termez in Uzbekistan that has been in operation since 2002. According to Aristide Fenster, the German ambassador there, Termez "will have an important role in the context of the gradual reduction of the German deployment with regard to logistics and transport."....(size: 4.3Kb)

Northern Route Key Supply Network for NATO troops in Afghanistan

Voa News

16 Jul 2012

Pakistan has recently re-opened a vital supply line to NATO troops in Afghanistan - the so-called southern route. NATO forces also use another major thoroughfare ... and NATO forces in Afghanistan. Alexander Cooley is a Central Asian expert at Barnard College, New York ... Most of them pass through Uzbekistan and the border town of Termez.”. From Termez, the trucks pass over the “Friendship Bridge” into Afghanistan ... ....(size: 4.3Kb)

And then there were five

The Hindu

10 Jul 2012

Uzbekistan’s decision to suspend its membership from the Collective Security Treaty Organisation (CSTO) has dealt a painful blow to the Russia-dominated defence bloc of former Soviet states and created new security risks in the region ... However, when the West blacklisted Mr ... He shut down a U.S ... Mr ... In 2009 the U.S ... Some reports claimed that the Pentagon is already using Uzbek facilities along with Germany, which has a base in Termez....(size: 6.8Kb)

Tashkent deserts CSTO - again

Asia Times

03 Jul 2012

By M K Bhadrakumar ... Uzbek President Islam Karimov hosted the ceremony for the.   ... Indeed, Uzbekistan has great potential as a transit hub for the US forces, and its Soviet-era military bases in Navoi and Termez are just the sort of facility that Washington would like to access to support its permanent military bases in Afghanistan, where tens of thousands of combat troops will be deployed. (Germany has a base already in Termez.) ... 1....(size: 21.5Kb)

Russia to Play Key Role in Winding Down Afghan War

Voa News

07 Jun 2012

Russia / NATO accord ... “So it might actually turn out to be a good commercial deal for Russia.” ... Many experts say ironically, NATO and the United States will use the border crossing at Termez between Uzbekistan and Afghanistan - the so-called “Friendship Bridge” - as one of their transit points out of Afghanistan - the same road used by Soviet troops when they withdrew from that country in February 1989 . ....(size: 4.6Kb)

How Pakistan Makes Washington Pay for the Afghan War

Middle East Online

18 Apr 2012

The following ingredients should go a long way to produce a political thriller. Mr ... Mr. M promptly appears at a press conference and says, “I am here. America should give that reward money to me.” ... Mr. M ... and NATO ... The main part of the NDN is a 3,220-mile rail network for transporting supplies between the Latvian port of Riga and the Uzbek town of Termez (connected by a bridge over the Oxus River to the Afghan settlement of Hairatan) ... ....(size: 15.8Kb)

How to Trump a Superpower

Antiwar

18 Apr 2012

Chalk it up to the genuine strangeness of our second Afghan War ... Take as an example the cost of the war and a startling development of the last four-plus months that has driven it significantly higher ... by Dilip Hiro ... The main part of the NDN is a 3,220-mile rail network for transporting supplies between the Latvian port of Riga and the Uzbek town of Termez (connected by a bridge over the Oxus River to the Afghan settlement of Hairatan)....(size: 20.3Kb)

Taking Uncle Sam for a Ride

Huffington Post

17 Apr 2012

How Pakistan Makes Washington Pay for the Afghan War. Cross-posted with TomDispatch.com. The following ingredients should go a long way to produce a political thriller. Mr ... M that would stand up in court ... Mr. M ... and NATO ... The main part of the NDN is a 3,220-mile rail network for transporting supplies between the Latvian port of Riga and the Uzbek town of Termez (connected by a bridge over the Oxus River to the Afghan settlement of Hairatan)....(size: 16.9Kb)

Cylindrical vaulted roofs in early Buddhist architecture

The Himalayan

06 Apr 2012

  . Added At. 2012-04-06 9.57 PM. Last Updated At. 2012-04-06 9.57 PM. The Himalayan Times - Saved Articles(s). The headlines has been added to your saved article(s). To View your saved article(s)please Click Here ». Close --> Share . -->. KATHMANDU ... Here lies Termez, a city with a history that stretches back to the time when in 329 BC Alexander the Great crossed the river which was then called the Oxus ... ....(size: 6.6Kb)

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Termez Termiz / Термиз
Sultan Saodat Ensemble
Termez Location in Uzbekistan
Coordinates: 37°13′N 67°17′E / 37.217°N 67.283°E / 37.217; 67.283
Country	Uzbekistan
Province	Surxondaryo Province
Population (2005)
• Total	140,404

Termez (Uzbek: Termiz/Термиз; Russian: Термез; Persian: ترمذ‎ Termez, Tirmiz) is a city in southern Uzbekistan near the border with Afghanistan.

Some link the name of the city to thermos, "hot" in Greek, tracing its name back to Alexander the Great.^[1] Others suggest that it came from Sanskrit taramato, meaning "on the river bank".^[2] It is the hottest point of Uzbekistan. It has a population of 140,404 (1 January 2005), and is the capital of Surxondaryo Province.

Its most famous native son is Al-Tirmidhi, born in its suburb Bugh and buried 60 kilometers north of Termez, on the outskirts of Sherobod. He is locally known as Iso At Termezi or Termez Ota (Father of Termez City). Hakim-e-Termizi, one of the famous Sufi leaders, is buried in the suburbs of Termez. He is also known as Termez Ota (Father of Termez City). It was once a great center of Buddhism and Islam.

1 Transportation
2 History
3 Climate
4 Main sights
5 Wars
6 See also
7 References
8 External links

Transportation [link]

The river Amu Darya divides the two countries of Uzbekistan and Afghanistan and the Afghanistan–Uzbekistan Friendship Bridge crosses the river to Hairatan in Afghanistan. Termez is also served by Termez Airport, with flights to Tashkent.

History [link]

An ancient settlement was discovered near Termez, which was populated in the times of the Greco-Bactrian rule (3rd - 2nd centuries BC). It was the center of Buddhism at the period of the Kushans (1st-2nd c. AD). With the arrival of the Arabs, in the 7th-8th century, the city became a center of Islam. Said Baraka was from old Termiz. He was a philosopher, war strategist and religious nobleman, and Amir Temur’s teacher. During Amir Temur's time Termez continued to prosper, but it was destroyed at the end of the 17th century.

Stallholders in Termez Market

In 1897 the modern city emerged, with a Russian fortress and garrison. Termez was a primary transit point during the Soviet invasion (1979–89) of Afghanistan.

Climate [link]

Termez has an arid climate with extremely hot, long summers and short, cool winters.

Climate data for Termez
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	23.8 (74.8)	28.4 (83.1)	34.4 (93.9)	38.7 (101.7)	43.6 (110.5)	46.5 (115.7)	47.0 (116.6)	46.3 (115.3)	41.5 (106.7)	37.0 (98.6)	32.4 (90.3)	26.7 (80.1)	47.0 (116.6)
Average high °C (°F)	10.4 (50.7)	13.3 (55.9)	18.9 (66.0)	26.6 (79.9)	32.8 (91.0)	38.0 (100.4)	39.7 (103.5)	38.0 (100.4)	32.8 (91.0)	25.8 (78.4)	18.8 (65.8)	12.1 (53.8)	25.60 (78.08)
Daily mean °C (°F)	4.2 (39.6)	6.7 (44.1)	12.1 (53.8)	18.9 (66.0)	24.6 (76.3)	29.1 (84.4)	30.5 (86.9)	28.4 (83.1)	22.8 (73.0)	16.5 (61.7)	10.8 (51.4)	5.6 (42.1)	17.52 (63.54)
Average low °C (°F)	−0.3 (31.5)	1.7 (35.1)	6.5 (43.7)	12.0 (53.6)	16.5 (61.7)	19.9 (67.8)	21.4 (70.5)	19.2 (66.6)	13.9 (57.0)	8.6 (47.5)	4.7 (40.5)	1.0 (33.8)	10.43 (50.77)
Record low °C (°F)	−19.7 (−3.5)	−17.5 (0.5)	−7.9 (17.8)	−2 (28)	−0.1 (31.8)	11.4 (52.5)	12.9 (55.2)	9.3 (48.7)	2.8 (37.0)	−4.2 (24.4)	−11 (12)	−18.4 (−1.1)	−19.7 (−3.5)
Rainfall mm (inches)	24 (0.94)	24 (0.94)	36 (1.42)	23 (0.91)	9 (0.35)	2 (0.08)	0 (0)	0 (0)	2 (0.08)	3 (0.12)	12 (0.47)	21 (0.83)	156 (6.14)
% humidity	77	71	66	57	45	36	36	38	45	53	65	76	55.4
Avg. rainy days	7	10	11	8	5	1	1	0	1	3	5	8	60
Source: Погода и Климат ^[3]

Main sights [link]

Kyrk-Kyz (out-of-town Palace Country Estate) (9th - 14th century)
Palace of Termez rulers (11th-12th century)
Architectural Complex of Al Khakim At-Termizi (10th - 15th century)
Architectural Ensemble Sultan Saodat (10th - 18th centuries)
Kokildora Mausoleum Khanaka (16th century)
Kara-Tepe Monastery (2nd-4th century)
Fayaz-Tepe Monastery (1st-3rd century)
Zurmala Tower (1st-2nd century AD)
Tirmidhi Mausoleum (9th c. AD), in the suburb of Sherobod, 60 kilometers north of Termez.

Wars [link]

Friendship Bridge connects Uzbekistan to Afghanistan

For many years after the Second World War the 108th Motor Rifle Division, the former 360th Rifle Division, was based in the town.

During the war in Afghanistan (1979–89) over 100,000 Soviet troops were based in Termez. The airbase is currently the main support base for German and Dutch forces operating with the ISAF in Afghanistan.

References [link]

^ E. M. Pospelov, Geograficheskie nazvaniya mira (Moscow, 1998), p. 415: "here in fact is found the hottest place in Central Asia (in June 1914 a temperature of 49.5 C was recorded in Termez."
^ Sh. Kamaliddinov, Istoricheskaya geografiya Sogda i Toharistana.
^ КЛИМАТ ТЕРМЕЗА (in Russian)

External links [link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Termez

Archaeological Museum Termez (Uzbek, Russian, English)
Travel guide to Termez, history of Termez
Termez Photos
History of ancient Termez
Uzbek Tourism
Karvon Saroy travel to Uzbekistan
Travel tips to visit Termez

Coordinates: 37°13′N 67°17′E / 37.217°N 67.283°E / 37.217; 67.283

v t e Cities of Uzbekistan

Capital	Tashkent

Cities	Andijan Angren Asaka Bekabad Beruniy Bukhara Chimboy Chirchiq Fergana Guliston G‘ijduvon G‘uzor Jizzakh Juma Kattaqo‘rg‘on Kogon Kosonsoy Margilan Mo‘ynoq Namangan Navoiy Nukus Nurota Olmaliq Qarshi Qorako‘l Qorasuv Qo‘ng‘irot Qo‘qon Rishton Samarkand Shahrisabz Shirin Sirdaryo Termez To‘rtko‘l To‘ytepa Uchquduq Urganch Urgut Vobkent Xiva Xo‘jayli Yangiabad Yangiyer Yangiyo‘l Zarafshon

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Contents

Transportation [link]

History [link]

Climate [link]

Main sights [link]

Wars [link]

See also [link]

References [link]

External links [link]

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