• Balalaika
• Chamber music
• Eduard Tubin
• Estonia
• Flute
• Henrik Visnapuu
• Hiiumaa
• Marie Under
• Neeme Järvi
• Soviet Union
• Sweden
• Tallinn
• Tartu
• Tonality
• Tor Mann
• Torila
• Trombone
• Trumpet
• Unfinished symphony
• United States
• Violin
• Wikipedia Persondata
• Zoltán Kodály
• 
  

• 
  Estonia
  Estonia ⁱ/ɨsˈtoʊniə/ (Estonian: Eesti), officially the Republic of Estonia (Estonian: Eesti Vabariik), is a state in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea, to the south by Latvia (343 km), and to the east by Lake Peipus and the Russian Federation (338.6 km). Across the Baltic Sea lies Sweden in the west and Finland in the north. The territory of Estonia covers 45,227 km² (17,462 sq mi), and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. The Estonians are a Finnic people, and the official language, Estonian, is closely related to Finnish.
  Estonia is a democratic parliamentary republic divided into 15 counties. The capital and largest city is Tallinn. With a population of 1.29 million, it is one of the least-populous members of the European Union, Eurozone and NATO. Estonia has the highest GDP per person among former Soviet republics. Estonia is listed as a "High-Income Economy" by the World Bank and as an "advanced economy" by the International Monetary Fund; the country is an OECD member. The United Nations lists Estonia as a developed country with a Human Development Index of "Very High". The country is also ranked highly for press freedom, economic freedom, democracy and political freedom and education.
  
  wn.com/Estonia
• 
  Soviet Union
  The Soviet Union (Russian: Советский Союз, tr. Sovetsky Soyuz), officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR; Russian: Сою́з Сове́тских Социалисти́ческих Респу́блик, tr. Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik; IPA: [sɐˈjus sɐˈvʲetskʲɪx sətsɨəlʲɪˈstʲitɕɪskʲɪx rʲɪsˈpublʲɪk] ( listen); abbreviated СССР, SSSR), was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991.
  The Soviet Union was a single-party state ruled by the Communist Party from its foundation until 1990. A union of 15 subnational Soviet republics, the Soviet state was structured under a highly centralized government and economy.
  The Russian Revolution of 1917 caused the downfall of the Russian Empire. Following the Russian Revolution, there was a struggle for power between the Bolshevik party, led by Vladimir Lenin, and the anti-communist White movement. In December 1922, the Bolsheviks won the civil war, and the Soviet Union was formed with the merger of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic and the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic.
  
  wn.com/Soviet_Union
• 
  Sweden
  Sweden (ⁱ/ˈswiːdən/ SWEE-dən; Swedish: Sverige [ˈsværjɛ] ( listen)), officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish:  Konungariket Sverige (help·info)), is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland, and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Øresund.
  At 450,295 square kilometres (173,860 sq mi), Sweden is the third largest country in the European Union by area, with a total population of about 9.4 million. Sweden has a low population density of 21 inhabitants per square kilometre (54 /sq mi) with the population mostly concentrated to the southern half of the country. About 85% of the population live in urban areas. Sweden's capital city is Stockholm, which is also the largest city.
  Sweden emerged as an independent and unified country during the Middle Ages. In the 17th century, the country expanded its territories to form the Swedish Empire. The empire grew to be one of the great powers of Europe in the 17th and early 18th century. Most of the conquered territories outside the Scandinavian Peninsula were lost during the 18th and 19th centuries. The eastern half of Sweden, present-day Finland, was lost to Russia in 1809. The last war in which Sweden was directly involved was in 1814, when Sweden by military means forced Norway into a personal union. Since then, Sweden has been at peace, practicing "non-participation in military alliances during peacetime and neutrality during wartime". However, Sweden has been a member of the European Union since 1 January 1995 and is a member of the OECD.
  
  wn.com/Sweden
• 
  Tallinn
  Tallinn (/ˈtɑːlɪn/ or /ˈtælɪn/,Estonian pronunciation: [ˈtɑlʲˑinˑ]) is the capital and largest city of Estonia. It occupies an area of 159.2 km² (61.5 sq mi) with a population of 416,470. It is situated on the northern coast of the country, on the shore of the Gulf of Finland, 80 km (50 mi) south of Helsinki, east of Stockholm and west of Saint Petersburg. Tallinn's Old Town is in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. It is ranked as a global city and has been listed among the top 10 digital cities in the world. The city was a European Capital of Culture for 2011, along with Turku, Finland.
  Tallinn is the oldest capital^{[clarification needed]} in Northern Europe. The city was known as Reval from the 13th century until the 1920s.
  In 1154 a town called Qlwn or Qalaven (possible derivations of Kalevan or Kolyvan) was put on the world map of the Almoravid by the Muslim cartographer Muhammad al-Idrisi, who described it as a small town like a large castle among the towns of Astlanda. It has been suggested that the Quwri in Astlanda may have denoted the predecessor town of today's Tallinn.
  
  wn.com/Tallinn
• 
  Tartu
  Tartu is the second largest city of Estonia. In contrast to Estonia's political and financial capital Tallinn, Tartu is often considered the intellectual and cultural hub, especially since it is home to Estonia's oldest and most renowned university. Situated 186 km southeast of Tallinn, the city is the centre of southern Estonia. The Emajõgi river, which connects the two largest lakes of Estonia, crosses Tartu. The city is served by Tartu Airport.
  Historical names of the town include Tarbatu, an Estonian fortress founded in the 5th century,Yuryev (Юрьев) named c. 1030 by Yaroslav I the Wise, and Dorpat as first known by the German crusaders in the 13th century.
  As Tartu has been under control of various rulers throughout its history, there are various names for the city in different languages. Most of them derive from the earliest attested form, the Estonian Tarbatu. In German, Swedish and Polish the town has been and sometimes still is known as  Dorpat (help·info), a variant of Tarbatu. In Russian, the city has been known as Юрьев (Yuryev) after Yaroslav I the Wise and Дерпт (Derpt), a variant of Dorpat (however, since 1917 the Estonian name Tartu is used). Similarly, the city has been known as Tērbata in Latvian.
  
  wn.com/Tartu
• 
  Torila
  Torila is a village in Alatskivi Parish, Tartu County in eastern Estonia.
  
  Composer and conductor Eduard Tubin (1905–1982) was born in Torila.
  Coordinates: 58°39′N 27°07′E / 58.65°N 27.117°E / 58.65; 27.117
  
  wn.com/Torila
• 
  United States
  The United States of America (commonly abbreviated to the United States, the U.S., the USA, America, and the States) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west, across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Pacific and Caribbean.
  At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km²) and with over 312 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and the third largest by both land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the world's largest national economy, with an estimated 2011 GDP of $15.1 trillion (22% of nominal global GDP and over 19% of global GDP at purchasing-power parity). Per capita income is the world's sixth-highest.
  
  wn.com/United_States

• Arvo Volmer
  Arvo Volmer (born November 4, 1962 in Tallinn) is an Estonian conductor.
  Volmer was principal conductor of the Estonian National Symphony Orchestra from 1993 to 2001. Since 2004 he has been music director of the Adelaide Symphony Orchestra and both music director and principal conductor of the Estonian National Opera in Tallinn. He has also been guest conductor of many orchestras, especially in Scandinavia. Among his recordings are the complete orchestral works of Leevi Madetoja and the complete symphonies of Eduard Tubin and Jean Sibelius.
  
  wn.com/Arvo_Volmer
• Eduard Tubin
  Eduard Tubin (June 18, 1905 – November 17, 1982) was an Estonian composer and conductor.
  Tubin was born in Torila, Governorate of Livonia, Estonia. Both his parents were music lovers, and his father played trumpet and trombone in the village band. His first taste of music came at school where he learned flute and balalaika. Later, his father swapped a cow for a piano, and the young Eduard soon became known in the village for his playing. Tubin was also somewhat accomplished as a violinist, and wrote two concerti and numerous chamber works for the instrument.
  Tubin entered the Tartu Teacher's College in the newly independent Estonia in 1920. It was here he began to take an interest in composition. He married a fellow student, Linda Pirn, in 1930 and their son Rein was born in 1932. He took up work conducting in the 'Vanemuine' theatre. During this time he conducted and made several trips abroad, on one occasion meeting Zoltán Kodály, who encouraged his interest in folk songs.
  After the Soviet Union illegally annexed Estonia in 1944, Tubin fled to Stockholm, where he remained for the rest of his life, although he did return to Estonia on occasions. He was forced to take up whatever work came his way, although due to the large numbers of Estonian refugees in Sweden this often meant conducting choirs made up of Estonians. After a while Tubin moved to a suburb of Stockholm where he could devote himself entirely to composition. Here he wrote some of his greatest works, including much music for the choirs and symphonies 6-10. Towards the end of his life, Tubin slowly began to gain recognition, particularly after the conductor Neeme Järvi, also an Estonian, escaped to the USA in 1980. In the last year of his life his Tenth Symphony was performed by the Boston Symphony Orchestra ([1]), and he received several awards from Swedish music organisations. He became ill in 1982 and remained in hospital until his death on November 17.
  
  wn.com/Eduard_Tubin
• 
  Henrik Visnapuu
  Henrik Visnapuu (January 2, 1890 - April 3, 1951) was a well known Estonian poet and dramatist.
  Henrik Visnapuu first attended the village school in Reola (today Ülenurme community) and college^{[citation needed]} in Sipe (today Kambja community) and the municipal school in Tartu. In 1907, he graduated from the grammar school in Narva after taking final exams in education and taught at various schools as a primary school teacher. by 1912 he moved to Tartu and taught Estonian literature at the local high school for girls. At the same time he attended lectures in philosophy at the University of Tartu. Visnapuu worked since 1917 as a journalist at the Tallinna Teataja, then until 1935 he worked as a freelance journalist and author. From 1935 to 1944 he was culture secretary in the department of the Information Agency of the Estonian state. With the approaching Soviet occupation of Estonia and the return of the Red Army, Henrik Visnapuu fled to Germany in 1944 and in 1949 moved to the United States, where he died in New York.
  
  wn.com/Henrik_Visnapuu
• 
  Marie Under
  Marie Under (27 March 1883 in Tallinn, Estonia – 25 September 1980 in Stockholm, Sweden) was one of the greatest Estonian poets.
  Under attended a private German girl's school. After graduating, she worked as a salesclerk in a bookstore. In her free time, she wrote poetry in German. In 1902, she married an Estonian accountant, Carl Hacker. The couple had two children in Kutshino, a suburb of Moscow. However, in 1904, she fell in love with the Estonian artist Ants Laikmaa. Laikmaa convinced her to translate her poetry into Estonian and submitted her translated works to local newspapers.
  In 1906, Under returned to Tallinn. In 1913, she met Artur Adson, who became her secretary. He also compiled the first volumes of her published poetry. In 1924, Under divorced Carl Hacker and married Adson.
  Beginning in September 1944, the U.S.S.R. occupied Estonia. Under and her family fled to Sweden. They spent almost a year in a refugee camp. In 1945, the family moved to Mälarhöjden, a suburb of Stockholm, Sweden, where Under lived until her death on September 25, 1980. She is buried in the Woodland Cemetery in Stockholm.
  
  wn.com/Marie_Under
• 
  Neeme Järvi
  Neeme Järvi (Estonian pronunciation: [ˈneːme ˈjærʋi]) (born June 7, 1937, Tallinn) is an Estonian-born conductor.
  Järvi studied music first in Tallinn, and later in Leningrad at the Leningrad Conservatory under Yevgeny Mravinsky, and Nikolai Rabinovich, among others. Early in his career, he held posts with the Estonian Radio and Television Symphony Orchestra, the Estonian National Symphony Orchestra and the Opera in Tallinn. In 1971 he won first prize in the International Conductors Competition at the Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia in Rome. Järvi emigrated to the United States in 1980 with his family. He became an American citizen in 1987.
  In 1982, he became the principal conductor of the Gothenburg Symphony, and held the post for 22 years, the longest-serving principal conductor in the orchestra's history. During his Gothenburg tenure, the recording profile and reputation of the orchestra greatly increased. He also helped to secure corporate sponsorship from Volvo that allowed the orchestra to increase in size from 80 to 110 players. He retained his post in Gothenburg until 2004, and now holds the title of Principal Conductor Emeritus (Chefdirigent Emeritus) with the orchestra.
  
  wn.com/Neeme_Järvi
• Tor Mann
  Tor Mann (25 February 1894 – 29 March 1974) was a Swedish conductor.
  Mann was principal conductor of the Göteborgs Symfoniker from 1925 to 1939, and the Sveriges Radios Symfoniorkester from 1939 to 1959.
  
  
  
  wn.com/Tor_Mann
• Wikipedia Persondata
  wn.com/Wikipedia_Persondata
• 
  Zoltán Kodály
  Zoltán Kodály (Hungarian: Kodály Zoltán, [ˈkodaːj ˈzoltaːn]; 16 December 1882 – 6 March 1967) was a Hungarian composer, ethnomusicologist, pedagogue, linguist, and philosopher. He is best known internationally as the creator of the Kodály Method.
  Born in Kecskemét, Kodály learned to play the violin as a child.
  In 1905 he visited remote villages to collect songs, recording them on phonograph cylinders. In 1906 he wrote the thesis on Hungarian folk song ("Strophic Construction in Hungarian Folksong"). Around this time Kodály met fellow composer Béla Bartók, whom he took under his wing and introduced to some of the methods involved in folk song collecting. The two became lifelong friends and champions of each other's music.
  All these works show a great originality of form and content, a very interesting blend of highly sophisticated mastery in the Western-European style of music, including classical, late-romantic, impressionistic and modernist tradition and at the other hand profound knowledge and respect for the folk music on Hungary, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Albania and other Eastern-European countries. Due to the outbreak of the First World War and subsequent major geopolitical changes in the region and partly because of the personal shyness Kodály had no major public success until 1923 when his Psalmus Hungaricus premiered at a concert to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the union of Buda and Pest (Bartók's Dance Suite premiered on the same occasion.)
  
  wn.com/Zoltán_Kodály

• Sonaat-allegro E-duur, ETW 31-1
• Variatsioonid eesti rahvaviisile, ETW 41
• Ballaad Mart Saare teemale, ETW 40
• Sonaat nr. 2 "Virmaliste sonaat", ETW 44: I. Rubato e agitato
• Sonaat nr. 2 "Virmaliste sonaat", ETW 44: II. Andante. Variatsioonid lapi rahvaviisidele
• Sonaat nr. 2 "Virmaliste sonaat", ETW 44: III. Allegro
• Klaverikvartett cis-moll, ETW 59

• Kratt: I vaatus. Krati tegemine
• Kratt: II vaatus. Krati töö

• Symphony No. 9 "Sinfonia semplice": I. Adagio - Allegro
• Symphony No. 9 "Sinfonia semplice": II. Adagio, lento - Presto
• Symphony No. 10
• Symphony No. 11 (unfinished)

• Symphony No. 8: I. Andante quasi adagio
• Symphony No. 8: II. Allegro moderato
• Symphony No. 8: III. Allegro vivace
• Symphony No. 8: IV. Lento, tenuto e maestoso
• Symphony No. 1: I. Adagio - Allegro feroce
• Symphony No. 1: II. Allegretto moderato
• Symphony No. 1: III. Sostenuto assai quasi largo e poco maestoso

• Symphony No. 2 in D major, Op. 43: I. Allegretto
• Symphony No. 2 in D major, Op. 43: II. Andante, ma rubato
• Symphony No. 2 in D major, Op. 43: III. Vivacissimo
• Symphony No. 2 in D major, Op. 43: IV. Allegretto moderato
• Symphony No. 5 in B minor: I. Allegro energico
• Symphony No. 5 in B minor: II. Andante
• Symphony No. 5 in B minor: III. Allegro assai

• Symphony No. 4 "Lyrical": I. Molto moderato
• Symphony No. 4 "Lyrical": II. Allegro con anima
• Symphony No. 4 "Lyrical": III. Andante un poco maestoso
• Symphony No. 4 "Lyrical": IV. Allegro
• Symphony No. 7: I. Allegro moderato
• Symphony No. 7: II. Larghetto
• Symphony No. 7: III. Allegro marciale

• Symphony No. 2: I. Grave - Allegro risoluto
• Symphony No. 2: II. Adagio espressivo
• Symphony No. 2: III. Allegro
• Symphony No. 2: IV. Allegro - Largo - Grave - Allegro molto - Allegro risoluto
• Cantus in Memory of Benjamin Britten
• Symphony No. 3 "Heroic": I. Largo - Allegro energico, un poco più mosso
• Symphony No. 3 "Heroic": II. Molto allegro e tempestoso
• Symphony No. 3 "Heroic": III. Largo, maestoso - Allegro marciale, ma maestoso - Maestoso

• Symphony No. 3: I. Largo
• Symphony No. 3: II. Molto allegro e tempestoso
• Symphony No. 3: III. Largo maestoso
• Symphony No. 6: I. Andante sostenuto, ma ritmico
• Symphony No. 6: II. Molto allegro
• Symphony No. 6: III. Festoso

• Symphony No. 2 "Legendaire": I. Legendaire. Molto allegro e agitato
• Symphony No. 2 "Legendaire": II. Sostenuto assai, grave e funebre
• Symphony No. 2 "Legendaire": III. Tempestoso, ma non troppo allegro (quasi toccata). Lento
• Symphony No. 5: I. Allegro energico
• Symphony No. 5: II. Andante
• Symphony No. 5: III. Allegro assai

• In Memoriam
• Kontsert viiulile ja orkestrile nr. 2 g-moll: I. Andante
• Kontsert viiulile ja orkestrile nr. 2 g-moll: II. Allegro marciale. Vivace
• Kontsert viiulile ja orkestrile nr. 2 g-moll: III. Adagio, quasi recitativo
• Klaverikontsert nr. 1: I. Allegro moderato
• Klaverikontsert nr. 1: II. Andante con espressione attacca subito - III. Allegro vivace

• Sinfonietta on Estonian Motifs: I. Allegro vivace e grazioso
• Sinfonietta on Estonian Motifs: II. Ostinato. Largo
• Sinfonietta on Estonian Motifs: III. Finale. Allegro molto moderato
• Concertino for Piano and Orchestra: I. Allegro vivace
• Concertino for Piano and Orchestra: II. Quasi andante
• Concertino for Piano and Orchestra: III. Allegro giocoso, ma non troppo
• Symphony No. 7: I. Allegro moderato
• Symphony No. 7: II. Larghetto
• Symphony No. 7: III. Allegro marciale

• Six Preludes: No. 1 in B-flat minor: Con alma, espressivo
• Six Preludes: No. 2 in F minor: Moderato, con espressione
• Six Preludes: No. 3 in F minor: Lento espressivo
• Six Preludes: No. 4 in C major: Eesti motiivi. Andante sostenuto
• Six Preludes: No. 5 in D major: Allegretto, con anima
• Six Preludes: No. 6 in E minor: Marciale sostenuto
• Piano Sonata No. 1: I. Sonata-Allegro: Moderato, con espressione
• Piano Sonata No. 1: II. Scherzo: Presto
• Piano Sonata No. 1: III. Andante mesto, con passione
• Lullaby: Sonore, lento
• Album Leaf: Allegretto, non troppo
• Three Pieces for Children: I. A Sleighing Song. Allegretto
• Three Pieces for Children: II. Doll's Dance. Moderato
• Three Pieces for Children: III. The Flight of a Butterfly. Andantino
• A Little March for Rana
• Three Estonian Folk Dances: I. Intro. Train Dance. Pesante
• Three Estonian Folk Dances: II. Waltz From Hiiu. Vivace
• Three Estonian Folk Dances: III. Saaremaa flat foot. Moderato ma poco sostenuto
• Prelude No. 1: Andante mesto

• Concerto for Double Bass and Orchestra
• Valse triste
• Ballade for Violin and Orchestra
• Violin Concerto No. 2: I. Andante
• Violin Concerto No. 2: II. Allegro marciale vivace
• Violin Concerto No. 2: III. Adagio, quasi recitativo - Allegro non troppo, ma energico
• Estonian Dance Suite: I. Ristpulkade tants
• Estonian Dance Suite: II. Pikk ingliska
• Estonian Dance Suite: III. Setu tants

• Requiem for Fallen Soldiers: I. Andante
• Requiem for Fallen Soldiers: II. Allegro
• Requiem for Fallen Soldiers: III. Molto lento
• Requiem for Fallen Soldiers: IV. Lento marciale
• Requiem for Fallen Soldiers: V. Largo
• Symphony No. 10

• Symphony No. 4 "Sinfonia lirica": I. Molto moderato
• Symphony No. 4 "Sinfonia lirica": II. Allegro con anima
• Symphony No. 4 "Sinfonia lirica": III. Andante un poco maestoso
• Symphony No. 4 "Sinfonia lirica": IV. Allegro
• Symphony No. 9 "Sinfonia semplice": I. Adagio
• Symphony No. 9 "Sinfonia semplice": II. Adagio, lento
• Toccata for orchestra

• Symphony No. 5: I. Allegro energico
• Symphony No. 5: II. Andante
• Symphony No. 5: III. Allegro assai
• Kratt Ballet Suite: Introduction, Peasant Dance, Dance of the Goblin
• Kratt Ballet Suite: Long Dance, Peasant Waltz, Buck Dance
• Kratt Ballet Suite: Interlude, Dance of the Exorcists, The Goat, The Cock, Dance of the Northern Lights

• Symphony No. 3 in D minor: I. Largo - Energico
• Symphony No. 3 in D minor: II. Molto allegro e tempestoso
• Symphony No. 3 in D minor: III. Largo, maestoso
• Symphony No. 8: I. Andante quasi adagio
• Symphony No. 8: II. Allegro moderato
• Symphony No. 8: III. Allegro vivace
• Symphony No. 8: IV. Lento, tenuto e maestoso

Born: 1905-06-18

Died: 1982-11-17

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