Simon Sudbury, also called Simon Theobald of Sudbury and Simon of Sudbury (died 14 June 1381) was Bishop of London from 1361 to 1375, Archbishop of Canterbury from 1375 until his death, and in the last year of his life Lord Chancellor of England.

Life[link]

The son of Nigel Theobald, Sudbury (as he later became known) was born at Sudbury in Suffolk, studied at the University of Paris, and became one of the chaplains of Pope Innocent VI,^[1] one of the Avignon popes, who in 1356 sent him on a mission to Edward III of England.

In 1361 Sudbury was made Chancellor of Salisbury^[1] and in October that year the pope provided him to be Bishop of London, Sudbury's consecration occurring on 20 March 1362.^[2] He was soon serving Edward III as an ambassador and in other ways. On 4 May 1375 he succeeded William Whittlesey as archbishop of Canterbury,^[3] and during the rest of his life was a partisan of John of Gaunt.

In July 1377, following the death of Edward III in June, Sudbury crowned the new king, Richard II at Westminster Abbey, and in 1378 John Wycliffe appeared before him at Lambeth, but he only undertook proceedings against the reformer under great pressure.

In January 1380, Sudbury became Lord Chancellor of England,^[4] and the insurgent peasants regarded him as one of the principal authors of their woes. Having released John Ball from his prison at Maidstone, the Kentish insurgents attacked and damaged the archbishop's property at Canterbury and Lambeth; then, rushing into the Tower of London, they seized the archbishop himself. So unpopular was Sudbury that guards simply allowed the rebels through the gates.

Death[link]

Sudbury was dragged to Tower Hill and, on 14 June 1381,^[3] was beheaded. His body was afterwards buried in Canterbury Cathedral, though his head (after being taken down from London Bridge) is still kept at the church of St Gregory at Sudbury in Suffolk, which Sudbury partly rebuilt.^[1] With his brother, John of Chertsey, he also founded a college in Sudbury; he also did some building at Canterbury. His father was Nigel Theobald, and he is sometimes called Simon Theobald or Tybald.

In March 2011 a CT scan of Sudbury's mummified skull was performed at the West Suffolk Hospital, with the intention of making a facial reconstruction of Sudbury.^[5] The reconstruction was completed in September, 2011 by forensics expert Adrienne Barker at the University of Dundee.^[6]

Citations[link]

References[link]

• Fryde, E. B.; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I. (1996). Handbook of British Chronology (Third revised ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-56350-X. 

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 

For the writer Simon Lake, see the pseudonym of Charles L. Grant.

Simon Lake (September 4, 1866 - June 23, 1945) was a Quaker American mechanical engineer and naval architect who obtained over two hundred patents for advances in naval design and competed with John Philip Holland to build the first submarines for the United States Navy.

Born in Pleasantville, New Jersey,^[1] Lake joined his father's foundry business after attending public schools in New Jersey and Pennsylvania. Lake had a strong interest in undersea travel.

He built his first submarine, Argonaut Junior, in 1894 in response to an 1893 request from the Navy for a submarine torpedo boat. Neither Argonaut nor Lake's following submarine, Protector, built in 1901, were accepted by the Navy. Protector was the first submarine to have diving planes mounted forward of the conning tower and a flat keel. Four diving planes allowed Protector to maintain depth without changing ballast levels. Protector also had a lock-out chamber for divers to leave the submarine. Lake, lacking Holland's financial backing, was unable to continue building submarines in the United States. He sold Protector to Imperial Russia in 1904 and spent the next seven years in Europe designing submarines for the Austro-Hungarian Navy, the Kaiserliche Marine, and Imperial Russian Navy (Osetr class submarines and Kaiman class submarines).

He lived in Milford, Connecticut from 1907 until his death in 1945. A grammar school named in his honor closed in June 2010. In 1912, he founded the Lake Torpedo Boat Company in Bridgeport, Connecticut, which built 24 submarines for the United States Navy during and after World War I. Lake's first submarine for the U.S. Navy, USS G-1 (SS-19½), set a depth record of 256 feet (78m) in November 1912.

In 1922 the United States and other countries signed treaties limiting the size of their navies. This led to financial difficulties which forced the Lake Torpedo Boat to close in the mid-1920s. Following company closure, Lake continued designing maritime salvage systems including obtaining permission to partially salvage the Lusitania of the south Irish coast and then later a failed attempt to salvage gold from HMS Hussar, a British frigate that sank in 1780 in New York's East River with his submarine, the Explorer.^[2] He advised the United States Navy on submarine technology and maritime salvage during World War II. By his death, Lake had witnessed the submarine's arrival as a front-line weapon in the US Navy.

The US Navy built a class of vessels for use as submarine tenders named in his honor the Simon Lake class; USS Simon Lake (AS-33) was in service between 1964 and 1999.

In 1989 Simon Lake was inducted into the Toms River Schools Hall of Fame.

References[link]

Books[link]

• John J. Poluhowich, Argonaut: The Submarine Legacy of Simon Lake. Texas A&M University Press, November 1999, ISBN 0-89096-894-2

External links[link]

• "Submarine - The Autobiography of Simon Lake" pdf file
• "Lusitania Treasures To Be Raised" Popular Mechanics, February 1932
• "Pumping Cargo From Sunken Ships - Submarine Builder Designs Unique Vessel For Bulk Salvage Work" Popular Science, December 1934
• "Baby Submarine On Wheels To Seek Treasure" Popular Mechanics March 1933
• "Hard-Boil for Treasure" Popular Mechanics, November 1930, pp 770-774

Mount Edgcumbe House

Earl of Mount Edgcumbe is a title in the Peerage of Great Britain. It was created in 1789 for George Edgcumbe, 3rd Baron Edgcumbe. The Edgcumbe family descends from Sir Piers Edgcumbe of Cotehele in Cornwall, who acquired the Mount Edgcumbe estate near Plymouth through marriage in the early 16th century. His descendant Richard Edgcumbe was a prominent politician and served as Paymaster-General of Ireland and as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster. In 1742 he was created Baron Edgcumbe, of Mount Edgcumbe in the County of Devon, in the Peerage of Great Britain. He was succeeded by his eldest son, the second Baron. He represented Plympton Erle, Lostwithiel and Penrhyn in the House of Commons and served as Lord-Lieutenant of Cornwall. On his death the title passed to his younger brother, the third Baron. He was an Admiral of the Blue and also held political office as Treasurer of the Household and as Captain of the Honourable Band of Gentlemen Pensioners. In 1781 he was created Viscount Mount Edgcumbe and Valletort and in 1789 he was further honoured when he was made Earl of Mount Edgcumbe. Both titles are in the Peerage of Great Britain.

He was succeeded by his son, the second Earl. He sat as Member of Parliament for Lostwithiel and Fowey and served as Lord-Lieutenant of Cornwall. On his death the titles passed to his second but eldest surviving son, the third Earl. He also represented Lostwithiel and Fowey in the House of Commons. His son, the fourth Earl, was a Conservative politician and served as Lord Chamberlain of the Household and as Lord Steward of the Household. On his death the titles passed to his son, the fifth Earl. He held the honorary post of Deputy Lord Warden of the Stannaries from 1913 to 1944. On his death the line of the third Earl failed. The late Earl was succeeded by his second cousin, the sixth Earl. He was the grandson of the Hon. George Edgcumbe, youngest son of the second Earl. He was succeeded by his first cousin once removed, the seventh Earl. He was the grandson of Edward Mortimer Edgcumbe, second son of the Hon. George Edgcumbe, youngest son of the second Earl. As of 2010^[update] the titles are held by his nephew, the eighth Earl, who succeeded in 1982. He is the eldest son of George Aubrey Valletort Edgcumbe, brother of the seventh Earl.

The heir apparent to the earldom uses the courtesy title of Viscount Valletort.

The ancestral seat of the Edgcumbe family is Mount Edgcumbe House near Plymouth. The present family seat is Empacombe House, also near Plymouth.

Barons Edgcumbe (1742)[link]

• Richard Edgcumbe, 1st Baron Edgcumbe (1680–1758)
• Richard Edgcumbe, 2nd Baron Edgcumbe (1716–1761)
• George Edgcumbe, 3rd Baron Edgcumbe (1720–1795) (created Viscount of Mount Edgcumbe in 1781, then Earl of Mount Edgcumbe in 1789)

Earls of Mount Edgcumbe (1789)[link]

• George Edgcumbe, 1st Earl of Mount Edgcumbe (1720–1795)
• Richard Edgcumbe, 2nd Earl of Mount Edgcumbe (1764–1839)
  • William Richard Edgcumbe, Viscount Valletort (1794-1818)
• Ernest Augustus Edgcumbe, 3rd Earl of Mount Edgcumbe (1797–1861)
• William Henry Edgcumbe, 4th Earl of Mount Edgcumbe (1832–1917)
• Piers Alexander Hamilton Edgcumbe, 5th Earl of Mount Edgcumbe (1865–1944)
• Kenelm William Edward Edgcumbe, 6th Earl of Mount Edgcumbe (1873–1965)
• Edward Piers Edgcumbe, 7th Earl of Mount Edgcumbe (1903–1982)
• Robert Charles Edgcumbe, 8th Earl of Mount Edgcumbe (b. 1939)

The heir presumptive is the present holder's half-brother Piers Valletort Edgcumbe (b. 1946).

The heir presumptive's heir presumptive is his brother Christopher George Mortimer Edgcumbe (b. 1950).

The heir presumptive's heir presumptive's heir apparent is his son Douglas George Valletort Edgcumbe (b. 1985).

References[link]

• Kidd, Charles & Williamson, David (ed.) (1990) Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press
• Leigh Rayment's Peerage Pages ^{[self-published source?][better source needed]}

External links[link]

• Mount Edgcumbe photo gallery
• www.burkespeerage.com
• Cracroft's Peerage
• qv Lady Megan Edgcumbe @ Manor Lodge, Millbrook
• www.plymouth.gov.uk