Sidney Kingsley (22 October 1906 - 20 March 1995) was an American dramatist. He received the Pulitzer Prize for Drama for his play Men in White in 1934.

Biography[link]

Kingsley was born Sidney Kirschner in New York. He studied at Cornell University, where he began his career writing plays for the college dramatic club. He joined the Group Theater for the production of his first major work. In 1933 the company performed his play Men in White. Set in a hospital, the play dealt with the issue of illegal abortion, 1930s medical and surgical practices and the struggle of one promising physician who must choose to dedicate his life to medicine or devote himself to his fiancee. The play was a box-office smash.

Kingsley followed this success with the play Dead End in 1935. A story about slum housing and its connection to crime, the piece was also fairly successful, eventually spawning the Dead End Kids. The two plays which followed, the anti-war Ten Million Ghosts of 1936 and The World We Make of 1939, were flops and had short runs. But in 1943 Kingsley returned to his previous success with the historical drama The Patriots. This play, which told the story of Thomas Jefferson and his activities in the young American republic, won the New York Drama Critics Circle Award for Best Play. Kingsley continued writing for the theater late into his career, adapting Arthur Koestler's novel Darkness at Noon for the stage in 1951, and writing Lunatics and Lovers in 1954 and Night Life in 1962.

In addition to his work for the stage, Kingsley wrote a number of scripts for Hollywood productions, mostly based on his own work.

His marriage to actress Madge Evans in 1939 lasted until her death in 1981.

Works[link]

• 1933: Men in White
• 1935: Dead End
• 1936: Ten Million Ghosts
• 1939: The World We Make
• 1943: The Patriots
• 1949: Detective Story
• 1951: Darkness at Noon
• 1954: Lunatics and Lovers
• 1962: Night Life

External links[link]

• Sidney Kingsley at the Internet Broadway Database
• Sidney Kingsley at the Internet Movie Database
• Page at Spartacus Educational

Eleanor Parker
Parker in Lizzie (1957)
Born	Eleanor Jean Parker (1922-06-26) June 26, 1922 (age 90) Cedarville, Ohio, United States
Years active	1942–1991
Spouse	Fred Losee (1943-1944) (divorced) Bert E. Friedlob (1946-1953) (divorced) 3 children Paul Clemens (1954-1965) (divorced) 1 child Raymond Hirsch (1966-2001)(his death)

Eleanor Jean Parker (born June 26, 1922) is an American actress.^[1] Her versatility led to her being dubbed Woman of a Thousand Faces, the title of her biography by Doug McClelland.

Early life[link]

Parker was born in Cedarville, Ohio. At an early age, her family moved to East Cleveland, Ohio, and she attended public schools. She is a graduate of Shaw High School. After high school, she was signed by Warner Brothers in 1941, at the age of 18. She would have debuted that year in the film They Died with Their Boots On,^[2] but her scenes were cut.^[3] Her actual film debut was as nurse Ryan in Soldiers in White in 1942.

Career[link]

By 1946, she had starred in Between Two Worlds, Hollywood Canteen, Pride of the Marines, Never Say Goodbye, and Of Human Bondage. She broke the champagne bottle on the nose of the California Zephyr train, to mark its inaugural journey from San Francisco, California on March 19, 1949.^[4]

In 1950, she received the first of three nominations for the Academy Award for Best Actress for Caged,^[5] in which she played a prison inmate. For this role, she won the 1950 Volpi Cup for Best Actress at the Venice Film Festival. She was also nominated for the Oscar in 1951 for her performance as Kirk Douglas's wife in Detective Story and again in 1955 for her portrayal of opera singer Marjorie Lawrence in the Oscar-winning biopic Interrupted Melody. She followed Detective Story by playing a fiery actress in love with Stewart Granger's swashbuckling nobleman in Scaramouche. Parker then performed with Charlton Heston as a 1900s mail-order bride in George Pal's The Naked Jungle.

That same year, Parker appeared in Otto Preminger's film adaptation of the National Book Award-winner The Man With The Golden Arm, in which she plays Zosh, the supposedly invalid wife of a morphine addicted, would-be jazz drummer Frankie Machine (Frank Sinatra). In 1956, she was billed above the title alongside Clark Gable for the Raoul Walsh-directed western comedy The King and Four Queens. A year later, she starred in another W. Somerset Maugham novel, a remake of The Painted Veil in the role originated by Greta Garbo, released as The Seventh Sin. She also appeared in Home from the Hill, A Hole in the Head with Frank Sinatra and Return to Peyton Place. Possibly her most famous screen role is as Baroness Elsa Schraeder, the second female lead in the 1965 Oscar-winning smash hit The Sound Of Music.

She played an alcoholic widow in Warning Shot in 1966; a love-starved talent scout in the all-star but unsuccessful The Oscar; and a rich, alcoholic estranged wife in An American Dream. From then on, her big screen roles were fewer, and television would occupy more of her energies.

Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at at 6340 Hollywood Blvd.

In 1963, Parker appeared in the NBC medical drama about psychiatry The Eleventh Hour in the episode "Why Am I Grown So Cold?" for which she was nominated for an Emmy Award as Outstanding Single Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role. In 1964, she appeared in the episode "A Land More Cruel" on the ABC drama about psychiatry, Breaking Point. In 1968, she portrayed a sultry spy in How to Steal the World -- a film originally shown as a two-part episode on NBC's The Man from U.N.C.L.E.. In 1969-70 she starred in the television series Bracken's World, for which she was nominated for a 1970 Golden Globe Award as Best TV Actress - Drama. She also appeared in the Ghost Story episode "Half a Death" (1973) where she plays a wealthy matron who must reconcile the lives of her two daughters in a suspense-thriller.

Parker has also starred in a number of theatrical productions, including the Lauren Bacall role in musical Applause. In 1976, she quit the Circle in the Square Theatre revival of Pal Joey during previews. She wrote the preface to the book "How Your Mind Can Keep You Well," a meditation technique developed by Roy Masters.

She has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6340 Hollywood Boulevard.

Personal life[link]

Parker has been married four times. She first wed Fred Losee in 1943, but the union was brief, ending in 1944. She then married Bert E. Friedlob in 1946, divorcing him in 1953. They had three children together. She had a son, Paul, with her third husband, American portrait painter Paul Clemens; she and Clemens married in 1954 and divorced in 1965.

The following year, she married Raymond Hirsch and was widowed on September 14, 2001 when he succumbed to esophogeal cancer. Parker was raised a Protestant but converted to Judaism, telling New York Daily News columnist Kay Gardella in August 1969: "I think we're all Jews at heart... I wanted to convert for a long time." ^[6]

Academy Award nominations[link]

• 1950 - Caged
• 1951 - Detective Story
• 1955 - Interrupted Melody ^[7]

Filmography[link]

Features

• They Died with Their Boots On (1941) (scenes deleted)
• The Big Shot (1942) (voice only)
• Busses Roar (1942)
• The Mysterious Doctor (1943)
• Mission to Moscow (1943)
• Destination Tokyo (1943) (voice only)
• Between Two Worlds (1944)
• Atlantic City (1944)
• Crime by Night (1944)
• The Last Ride (1944)
• The Very Thought of You (1944)
• Hollywood Canteen (1944) (Cameo)
• Pride of the Marines (1945)
• Of Human Bondage (1946)
• Never Say Goodbye (1946)
• Escape Me Never (1947)
• Always Together (1947) (Cameo)
• The Voice of the Turtle (1947)
• The Woman in White (1948)
• It's a Great Feeling (1949) (Cameo)
• Chain Lightning (1950)
• Caged (1950)
• Three Secrets (1950)
• Valentino (1951)
• A Millionaire for Christy (1951)
• Detective Story (1951)
• Scaramouche (1952)
• Above and Beyond (1952)
• Escape from Fort Bravo (1953)
• The Naked Jungle (1954)
• Valley of the Kings (1954)
• Many Rivers to Cross (1955) Role: Mary Stuart Cherne
• Interrupted Melody (1955)
• The Man with the Golden Arm (1955)
• The King and Four Queens (1956)
• Lizzie (1957)
• The Seventh Sin (1957)
• A Hole in the Head (1959)
• Home from the Hill (1960)
• Return to Peyton Place (1961)
• Madison Avenue (1962)
• Panic Button (1964)
• The Sound of Music (1965)
• The Oscar (1966)
• An American Dream (1966)
• Warning Shot (1967)
• The Tiger and the Pussycat (1967)
• Eye of the Cat (1969)
• Hans Brinker (1969)
• Sunburn (1979)

Short subjects

• Soldiers in White (1942)
• Men of the Sky (1942)
• Vaudeville Days (1942)

References[link]

External links[link]

• Eleanor Parker at the Internet Movie Database
• Eleanor Parker at the TCM Movie Database
• Eleanor Parker photographs and literature
• Eleanor Parker at GlamourGirlsoftheSilverScreen.com

Kirk Douglas
File:Douglas 1956 still-updated.jpg 1956 photo
Born	Issur Danielovitch (1916-12-09) December 9, 1916 (age 95) Amsterdam, New York
Other names	Izzy Demsky
Education	St. Lawrence University
Alma mater	American Academy of Dramatic Arts
Occupation	Actor, producer, director, author
Years active	1942–present
Religion	Conservative Judaism[1]
Spouse	Diana Dill (m. 1943-1951; divorced) Anne Buydens (m. 1954-present)
Children	Michael Douglas (b. 1944) Joel Douglas (b. 1947) Peter Douglas (b. 1955) Eric Douglas (1958–2004)
Relatives	Cameron Douglas (grandson)
Signature

Kirk Douglas (born Issur Danielovitch, Russian: И́сер Даниело́вич;^[2] December 9, 1916) is an American stage and film actor, film producer and author. His popular films include Out of the Past (1947), Champion (1949), Ace in the Hole (1951), The Bad and the Beautiful (1952), Lust for Life (1956), Paths of Glory (1957), Gunfight at the O.K. Corral (1957), Spartacus (1960), and Lonely Are the Brave (1962).

He is No.17 on the American Film Institute's list of the greatest male American screen legends of all time, making him the highest-ranked living person on the list. In 1996, he received the Academy Honorary Award "for 50 years as a creative and moral force in the motion picture community."

Early life[link]

Douglas was born Issur Danielovitch in Amsterdam, New York, the son of Bryna "Bertha" (née Sanglel) and Herschel "Harry" Danielovitch, a businessman.^[3] His parents were Jewish immigrants from Gomel, Belarus.^[4][5] His father's brother, who emigrated earlier, used the surname Demsky, which Douglas's family adopted in the United States.^[2] In addition to their surname, his parents also changed their given names to Harry and Bertha. Douglas grew up as Izzy Demsky and legally changed his name to Kirk Douglas before entering the Navy during World War II.^[6]

Coming from a poor family, as a boy Douglas sold snacks to mill workers to earn enough to buy milk and bread. Later, he delivered newspapers and worked at more than forty jobs before becoming an actor.^[7] He found living in a family of six sisters to be stifling, stating, "I was dying to get out. In a sense, it lit a fire under me."^[8] During high school, he acted in school plays, and discovered "The one thing in my life that I always knew, that was always constant, was that I wanted to be an actor."^[9]

College graduation, 1939

Unable to afford tuition, Douglas talked his way into St. Lawrence University and received a loan which he paid back by working part-time as a gardener and a janitor. He was a standout on the wrestling team, and wrestled one summer in a carnival to make money.^[10]

Douglas' acting talents were noticed at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in New York City and he received a special scholarship. One of his classmates was Betty Joan Perske (later to become better known as Lauren Bacall), who would play an important role in launching his film career.^[11] Another classmate was aspiring Bermudian actress Diana Dill. While doing summer stock theater during a college term break, he began using the name Kirk Douglas, which he later legally adopted.^[2] He earned his first money as an actor that summer.^[12] Upon graduating from drama school, Douglas made his Broadway debut as a singing telegraph boy in Spring Again.

Douglas enlisted in the United States Navy in 1941, shortly after the United States entered World War II. He was medically discharged for war injuries in 1944. On May 3, 1943, Diana Dill, his former classmate, appeared on the cover of Life magazine. Seeing the photograph, Douglas told his fellow sailors that he was going to marry her. He did on November 2, 1943. The couple had two sons together (Michael in 1944 and Joel in 1947) before they divorced in 1951.^{[13] [14]}

After the war, Douglas returned to New York City and found work in radio, theatre, and commercials. His stage break occurred in Kiss and Tell, which led to other roles. Douglas had planned to remain a stage actor but Lauren Bacall helped him get his first screen role in the Hal B. Wallis film The Strange Love of Martha Ivers (1946), starring Barbara Stanwyck. Wallis was on his way to New York to look for new talent when Bacall suggested he visit Douglas, who was rehearsing a play called The Wind Is Ninety. Douglas finished the play's run and, with no follow-up work in sight, headed to Hollywood. He was immediately cast in one of the leading roles in Wallis' film and made his film acting debut as a weak man dominated by a ruthless woman, unlike his later roles where he often played dominating characters.^[15]

Career[link]

Douglas established his image as a tough guy in his eighth film, Champion, playing a selfish boxer. From then on, he made a career of playing "sons of bitches."^[16] From that film on, he decided that to succeed as a star, he needed to ramp up his intensity, overcome his natural shyness, and choose stronger roles. He later stated, "I don’t think I’d be much of an actor without vanity. And I’m not interested in being a 'modest actor'."^[17] Early in his Hollywood career, he demonstrated his independent streak and broke his studio contracts to gain total control over his projects, forming his own movie company "Bryna Productions", named after his mother.^[8]

Douglas made his Broadway debut in 1949 in the Anton Chekhov play "The Three Sisters," produced by Katharine Cornell.^[18]

Douglas was a major box office star in the 1950s and 1960s, playing opposite some of the leading actresses of that era. Among his various roles, he played a frontier peace officer in his first western Along the Great Divide (1951). He quickly became comfortable with riding horses and playing gunslingers, and appeared in many westerns. In Lonely Are the Brave (1962), his own favorite of his performances, Douglas plays a cowboy trying to live by his own code, much as he did in real life.^[19]

In The Bad and the Beautiful (1952), one of his three Oscar-nominated roles, Douglas plays Jonathan Shields, a hard-nosed film producer who manipulates and uses his actors, writers, and directors.^[20] In Young Man with a Horn (1950), Douglas portrays the rise and fall of a driven jazz musician, based on real-life horn player Bix Beiderbecke. Composer-pianist Hoagy Carmichael, playing the sidekick role, added realism to the film and gave Douglas insight into the role, being a friend of the real Beiderbecke.^[21]

In one of his early television appearances, Douglas was a musical guest (as himself) on The Jack Benny Program.^[22] In the opening monologue, Benny reads the reviews of critics who liked his season premiere, while skipping the ones who did not. He then hurries home for his weekly jam session with Tony Martin (on clarinet), Fred MacMurray (saxophone), Dick Powell (trumpet), Dan Dailey (drums), and Douglas (four-string banjo). They avail themselves of the coin-operated vending machines in Benny's living room. The band plays Basin Street (Blues), but Douglas keeps going into Bye Bye Blues, the only song he knows.

Douglas played many military men, with varying nuance, in Top Secret Affair (1957), Paths of Glory (1957) (his most famous role in that genre), Town Without Pity (1961), The Hook (1963), Seven Days in May (1964), Heroes of Telemark (1965), In Harm's Way (1965), Cast a Giant Shadow (1966), Is Paris Burning (1966), and The Final Countdown (1980).

His role as Vincent Van Gogh in Lust for Life (1956), filmed mostly on location in France, was noted not only for the veracity of his appearance but also for how he conveyed the painter’s internal turmoil. He won a Golden Globe award for his role. Director Vincente Minnelli stated, "Kirk Douglas achieved a moving and memorable portrait of the artist—a man of massive creative power, triggered by severe emotional stress, the fear and horror of madness. In my opinion, Kirk should have won the Academy Award."^[23] Douglas himself called his acting role as Van Gogh a "very painful experience." He writes, "Not only did I look like Van Gogh, I was the same age he was when he committed suicide."^[24]:288

Douglas played the lead with an all-star cast in Spartacus (1960). He was the executive producer as well, raising the $12 million production cost.^[25] He also played an important role in breaking the Hollywood blacklist by making sure that Dalton Trumbo's name was mentioned in the opening and ending credits of the film for the outstanding screenplay he did for the film.^[2] Douglas initially selected Anthony Mann to direct the movie, but dismissed him when he judged the initial shooting to be unsatisfactory. To replace Mann he chose Stanley Kubrick, who three years earlier had collaborated closely with Douglas in Paths of Glory, where Douglas played one of his most notable roles as Colonel Dax, the commander of a French regiment during World War I.^[26] Spartacus was a huge success, but Kubrick, considering himself a mere employee of Douglas and since much of the footage (including Peter Ustinov's key scenes) was shot under Mann, did not consider it to be part of his own oeuvre.

In addition to serious, driven characters, Douglas was adept at roles requiring a comic touch, as in 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea (1954), an adaptation of the Jules Verne novel, wherein he plays a happy-go-lucky sailor who is the opposite in every way of the brooding Captain Nemo (James Mason). The film was one of Walt Disney's most successful live-action movies and a major box-office hit.^[23] He manages a similar comic turn in the western Man Without a Star (1955) and in For Love or Money (1963).

Douglas made seven films over the decades with Burt Lancaster; I Walk Alone (1948), Gunfight at the O.K. Corral (1957), The Devil's Disciple (1959), The List of Adrian Messenger (1963), Seven Days in May (1964), Victory at Entebbe (1976) and Tough Guys (1986), which fixed the notion of the pair as something of a team in the public imagination. Douglas was always second-billed under Lancaster in these movies but, with the exception of I Walk Alone, in which Douglas played a villain, and The List of Adrian Messenger, in which Lancaster played a brief part in disguise, their roles were more or less the same size. Both actors arrived in Hollywood at the same time, and first appeared together in the fourth film for each. They both became actor-producers who sought out independent Hollywood careers.^[27]

President Jimmy Carter greets Kirk Douglas and Mrs. Douglas, March 1978

Douglas stated that the keys to acting success are determination and application, "You must know how to function and how to maintain yourself, and you must have a love of what you do. But an actor also needs great good luck. I have had that luck."^[9] Douglas had great vitality, "It takes a lot out of you to work in this business. Many people fall by the wayside because they don’t have the energy to sustain their talent."^[28] His intensity spilled over into all elements of his film-making. As an actor, he dove into every role, dissecting not only his own lines but all the parts in the script to measure the rightness of the role, and he was willing to fight with the director if he felt justified.^[28] According to his wife, he often brought home that intensity, "When he was doing Lust for Life, he came home in that red beard of Van Gogh’s, wearing those big boots, stomping around the house—it was frightening."^[27] His distinctive acting style and delivery made him, like James Stewart, a favorite with impersonators, especially Frank Gorshin.^[29]

Unlike some actors such as Robert Mitchum, Douglas had a high opinion of actors, movies, and moviemaking, "To me it is the most important art form—it is an art, and it includes all the elements of the modern age." But he also stressed the entertainment value of films, "You can make a statement, you can say something, but it must be entertaining."^[17]

His first film as a director was Scalawag (1973). In his autobiography The Ragman’s Son, he said "Since I was accused so often of trying to direct the films I was in, I thought I ought to really try my hand at directing."^[30] It was a difficult debut with many production problems, requiring his wife to act as producer. Douglas plays a charming scoundrel with one leg, a considerable challenge to his athleticism, and though he got credit for his role, the film received unimpressive reviews.^[31] Later in 1973, Douglas appeared in a made-for-TV musical version of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde.^[32][33][34]

The Douglases meet with President Ronald Reagan, December 1987

On July 5, 1986, he co-hosted (with Angela Lansbury) the New York Philharmonic's tribute to the 100th anniversary of the Statue of Liberty, which was televised live on ABC Television.^[35] The orchestra was conducted by Zubin Mehta.

Douglas was nominated three times for the Academy Award for Best Actor for his work in Champion, The Bad and the Beautiful and Lust for Life. He was especially disappointed for not winning for the latter film, "I really thought I had a chance."^[17] Douglas did not win any competitive Oscars, but received a Honorary Academy Award in 1996 for "50 years as a moral and creative force in the motion picture community".

Douglas with Zubin Mehta, March 2011

For his contributions to the motion picture industry, Douglas has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6263 Hollywood Blvd. He is one of the few personalities (along with James Stewart, Gregory Peck, and Gene Autry) whose star has been stolen and later replaced.^[36] In 1984, he was inducted into the Western Performers Hall of Fame at the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA, and he received the AFI Life Achievement Award in 1991.

In October 2004, the avenue Kirk Douglas Way in Palm Springs, California was named in his honor by the Palm Springs International Film Society and Film Festival. Popular at home and around the world, Douglas received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1981, the French Legion of Honor in 1985, and the National Medal of the Arts in 2001.

In March 2009, Douglas starred in an autobiographical one man show titled Before I Forget at the Center Theater Group's Kirk Douglas Theatre in Culver City, California. The four performances were filmed and turned into a documentary that was first screened in January 2010.^[37]

On February 27, 2011, Douglas appeared on the stage of the Kodak Theater for the 83rd Academy Awards to present the Best Supporting Actress Oscar.^[38]

Personal life[link]

Douglas married twice, first to Diana Dill, on November 2, 1943. The couple had two sons, actor Michael Douglas and producer Joel Douglas. They divorced in 1951. He then married German American producer Anne Buydens on May 29, 1954. They had two sons, producer Peter Douglas and actor Eric Douglas. Eric Douglas died July 6, 2004 of a drug overdose.

In February 1991, he survived a helicopter crash in which two people died. This sparked a search for meaning, which led him, after much study, to embrace the Judaism in which he was raised. He documented this spiritual journey in his book Climbing the Mountain: My Search for Meaning (2001). In his earlier autobiography, The Ragman's Son (1988), he admits that "years back, I tried to forget that I was a Jew."^[24]:383 However, in his later career, he notes that "coming to grips with what it means to be a Jew has been a theme in my life."^[24] In an interview in 2000, he explained this transition:^[39]

Judaism and I parted ways a long time ago, when I was a poor kid growing up in Amsterdam, N.Y. Back then, I was pretty good in cheder, so the Jews of our community thought they would do a wonderful thing and collect enough money to send me to a yeshiva to become a rabbi. Holy Moses! That scared the hell out of me. I didn't want to be a rabbi. I wanted to be an actor. Believe me, the members of the Sons of Israel were persistent. I had nightmares – wearing long payos and a black hat. I had to work very hard to get out of it. But it took me a long time to learn that you don't have to be a rabbi to be a Jew.

Douglas notes also that the underlying theme of some of his films, including The Juggler (1953), Cast a Giant Shadow (1966), and Remembrance of Love (1982), was about "a Jew who doesn't think of himself as one, and eventually finds his Jewishness."^[24]:383 Although his children had a non-Jewish mother, Douglas states that they were "aware culturally" of his "deep convictions," and he never tried to influence their own religious decisions. He notes, however, that Michael answered, "I'm a Jew," when once asked about what he was.^[24]:384

While Douglas has chosen to stay out of political affairs, he has on occasion written letters to politicians who were friends. He notes in his memoir, Let's Face It (2007), that he felt compelled to write former president Jimmy Carter in 2006 in order to stress that "Israel is the only successful democracy in the Middle East. . . . [and] has had to endure many wars against overwhelming odds. If Israel loses one war, they lose Israel."^[2]:226