7:57
The Role Of Evolution In Islamic Philosophy.
The Mu'tazili scientist and philosopher al-Jahiz (c. 776-869) was the first of the Muslim ...
published: 06 Jun 2014
The Role Of Evolution In Islamic Philosophy.
The Role Of Evolution In Islamic Philosophy.
The Mu'tazili scientist and philosopher al-Jahiz (c. 776-869) was the first of the Muslim biologists and philosophers to develop an early theory of evolution. He speculated on the influence of the environment on animals, considered the effects of the environment on the likelihood of an animal to survive, and first described the struggle for existence, a precursor to natural selection. Al-Jahiz's ideas on the struggle for existence in the Book of Animals have been summarized as follows: "Animals engage in a struggle for existence; for resources, to avoid being eaten and to breed. Environmental factors influence organisms to develop new characteristics to ensure survival, thus transforming into new species. Animals that survive to breed can pass on their successful characteristics to offspring." In Chapter 47 of his India, entitled "On Vasudeva and the Wars of the Bharata," Abu Rayhan Biruni attempted to give a naturalistic explanation as to why the struggles described in the Mahabharata "had to take place." He explains it using natural processes that include biological ideas related to evolution, which has led several scholars to compare his ideas to Darwinism and natural selection. This is due to Biruni describing the idea of artificial selection and then applying it to nature: "The agriculturist selects his corn, letting grow as much as he requires, and tearing out the remainder. The forester leaves those branches which he perceives to be excellent, whilst he cuts away all others. The bees kill those of their kind who only eat, but do not work in their beehive. Nature proceeds in a similar way; however, it does not distinguish for its action is under all circumstances one and the same. It allows the leaves and fruit of the trees to perish, thus preventing them from realising that result which they are intended to produce in the economy of nature. It removes them so as to make room for others." In the 13th century, Nasir al-Din al-Tusi explains how the elements evolved into minerals, then plants, then animals, and then humans. Tusi then goes on to explain how hereditary variability was an important factor for biological evolution of living things: "The organisms that can gain the new features faster are more variable. As a result, they gain advantages over other creatures. The bodies are changing as a result of the internal and external interactions." Tusi discusses how organisms are able to adapt to their environments: "Look at the world of animals and birds. They have all that is necessary for defense, protection and daily life, including strengths, courage and appropriate tools [organs] [...] Some of these organs are real weapons, [...] For example, horns-spear, teeth and claws-knife and needle, feet and hoofs-cudgel. The thorns and needles of some animals are similar to arrows. [...] Animals that have no other means of defense (as the gazelle and fox) protect themselves with the help of flight and cunning. [...] Some of them, for example, bees, ants and some bird species, have united in communities in order to protect themselves and help each other." Tusi then explains how humans evolved from advanced animals: "Such humans [probably anthropoid apes] live in the Western Sudan and other distant corners of the world. They are close to animals by their habits, deeds and behavior. [...] The human has features that distinguish him from other creatures, but he has other features that unite him with the animal world, vegetable kingdom or even with the inanimate bodies." Transmutation of species Al-Dinawari (828-896), considered the founder of Arabic botany for his Book of Plants, discussed plant evolution from its birth to its death, describing the phases of plant growth and the production of flowers and fruit. Ibn Miskawayh's al-Fawz al-Asghar and the Brethren of Purity's Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity (The Epistles of Ikhwan al-Safa) developed theories on evolution that possibly had an influence on Charles Darwin and his inception of Darwinism, but has at one time been criticized as overenthusiastic. "[These books] state that God first created matter and invested it with energy for development. Matter, therefore, adopted the form of vapour which assumed the shape of water in due time. The next stage of development was mineral life. Different kinds of stones developed in course of time. Their highest form being mirjan (coral). It is a stone which has in it branches like those of a tree. After mineral life evolves vegetation.- published: 06 Jun 2014
- views: 1
10:42
kalam hazrat (Amir Khusro) Warsi Brothers Allah Huma Antas-Salaam (Amir Khusro)
Ab'ul Hasan Yamīn al-Dīn Khusrow (1253-1325 CE) (Persian: ابوالحسن یمینالدین خسرو; Hindi:...
published: 29 Mar 2010
author: balal valana
kalam hazrat (Amir Khusro) Warsi Brothers Allah Huma Antas-Salaam (Amir Khusro)
kalam hazrat (Amir Khusro) Warsi Brothers Allah Huma Antas-Salaam (Amir Khusro)
Ab'ul Hasan Yamīn al-Dīn Khusrow (1253-1325 CE) (Persian: ابوالحسن یمینالدین خسرو; Hindi: अबुल हसन यमीनुद्दीन ख़ुसरौ ) , better known as Amīr Khusrow (or Kh...- published: 29 Mar 2010
- views: 24687
- author: balal valana
10:21
kalam hazrat Amīr Khusrow The Sabri Brothers Aaj Rang Hai
Ab'ul Hasan Yamīn al-Dīn Khusrow (1253-1325 CE) (Persian: ابوالحسن یمینالدین خسرو; Hindi:...
published: 29 Mar 2010
author: balal valana
kalam hazrat Amīr Khusrow The Sabri Brothers Aaj Rang Hai
kalam hazrat Amīr Khusrow The Sabri Brothers Aaj Rang Hai
Ab'ul Hasan Yamīn al-Dīn Khusrow (1253-1325 CE) (Persian: ابوالحسن یمینالدین خسرو; Hindi: अबुल हसन यमीनुद्दीन ख़ुसरौ ) , better known as Amīr Khusrow (or Kh...- published: 29 Mar 2010
- views: 16915
- author: balal valana
6:28
Video Shalawat Nariyah_SINA, AQILA, & FAMILY (ver.2)
اللهم صل صلاة كاملة، وسلم سلاما تاما على سيدنا محمد الذى تنحل به العقد، وتنفرج به الكرب، و...
published: 09 Apr 2012
author: ANTA FAILANI
Video Shalawat Nariyah_SINA, AQILA, & FAMILY (ver.2)
Video Shalawat Nariyah_SINA, AQILA, & FAMILY (ver.2)
اللهم صل صلاة كاملة، وسلم سلاما تاما على سيدنا محمد الذى تنحل به العقد، وتنفرج به الكرب، وتقضى به الحوائج، وتنال به الرغائب، وحسن الخواتم وسيتشقى الغمام بوجه...- published: 09 Apr 2012
- views: 278
- author: ANTA FAILANI
3:37
Bahauddin Qutbuddin Qawwal- Qalbana hmed
Bahauddin Qutbuddin Qawwal- Qalbana Dehlawī (امیر خسرو دہلوی; अमीर ख़ुसरौ दहलवी ), was an ...
published: 29 Mar 2010
author: balal valana
Bahauddin Qutbuddin Qawwal- Qalbana hmed
Bahauddin Qutbuddin Qawwal- Qalbana hmed
Bahauddin Qutbuddin Qawwal- Qalbana Dehlawī (امیر خسرو دہلوی; अमीर ख़ुसरौ दहलवी ), was an Indian musician, scholar and poet. He was an iconic figure in the c...- published: 29 Mar 2010
- views: 8810
- author: balal valana
0:16
GWIYOMI Titanium MRSM Kuantan 2013.
wee're doing this just to have fun. no bashing please. from left, aein, wanie, me!, farida...
published: 29 May 2013
GWIYOMI Titanium MRSM Kuantan 2013.
GWIYOMI Titanium MRSM Kuantan 2013.
wee're doing this just to have fun. no bashing please. from left, aein, wanie, me!, farida, audah, fatin. once again, no bashing! just for fun- published: 29 May 2013
- views: 50
4:36
Mrsm Kt Band
This video was uploaded from an Android phone....
published: 05 Oct 2012
author: adankampunglerek
Mrsm Kt Band
Mrsm Kt Band
This video was uploaded from an Android phone.- published: 05 Oct 2012
- views: 13
- author: adankampunglerek
15:34
Maithili nach panditjee ke bhojan
Shatrughan+ jay mithila....
published: 25 Aug 2012
author: shatrughan42
Maithili nach panditjee ke bhojan
Maithili nach panditjee ke bhojan
Shatrughan+ jay mithila.- published: 25 Aug 2012
- views: 2298
- author: shatrughan42
14:25
Alumni MRSM Kuala Krai 2013
Alumni MRSM Kuala Krai video for the closing ceremony. Great job by Bro Shahmi. Kindly vis...
published: 06 Jul 2013
Alumni MRSM Kuala Krai 2013
Alumni MRSM Kuala Krai 2013
Alumni MRSM Kuala Krai video for the closing ceremony. Great job by Bro Shahmi. Kindly visit our page at https://www.facebook.com/mrsmkualakrai- published: 06 Jul 2013
- views: 31
7:35
Hari Kedua Integrity Champions Challenge MRSM Se-Malaysia 2013 (12/04/13)
Untuk Gambar lain : https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.405035822927779.1073741829.3...
published: 13 Apr 2013
author: iccmrsm2013
Hari Kedua Integrity Champions Challenge MRSM Se-Malaysia 2013 (12/04/13)
Hari Kedua Integrity Champions Challenge MRSM Se-Malaysia 2013 (12/04/13)
Untuk Gambar lain : https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.405035822927779.1073741829.391422500955778&type;=1#!/iccmrsm2013/photos_albums.- published: 13 Apr 2013
- views: 68
- author: iccmrsm2013
2:35
IMC official trailer 2013
...
published: 19 Jan 2013
author: Nazmi Kuyoi
IMC official trailer 2013
Youtube results:
6:31
Inter MRSM Rugby Tournament 2013
Inter MRSM Rugby Tournament 2013 was held at MRSM Kuala Terengganu.All of the participants...
published: 13 Jun 2013
author: BWPmrsmkt1213
Inter MRSM Rugby Tournament 2013
Inter MRSM Rugby Tournament 2013
Inter MRSM Rugby Tournament 2013 was held at MRSM Kuala Terengganu.All of the participants were strongly amazing!- published: 13 Jun 2013
- views: 25
- author: BWPmrsmkt1213
4:18
MRSM KT Class of '99
colours of the students of MRSM Kuala Terengganu Class of '99, Batch terakhir SPM alaf ke-...
published: 02 Jun 2009
author: azahis
MRSM KT Class of '99
MRSM KT Class of '99
colours of the students of MRSM Kuala Terengganu Class of '99, Batch terakhir SPM alaf ke-20.- published: 02 Jun 2009
- views: 387
- author: azahis
3:22
MRSM Muadzam Shah Earth Day Promo 2013
Hi . This is our production's first video . Thanks for watching ! Copyright UnderAgeProduc...
published: 27 Apr 2013
author: Zafran Akmal
MRSM Muadzam Shah Earth Day Promo 2013
MRSM Muadzam Shah Earth Day Promo 2013
Hi . This is our production's first video . Thanks for watching ! Copyright UnderAgeProduction.- published: 27 Apr 2013
- views: 99
- author: Zafran Akmal
