Octatonic scale

An octatonic scale is any eight-note musical scale. The scale most often meant by this term is one in which the notes ascend in alternating intervals of a whole step and a half step, creating a symmetric scale. In classical theory, in contradistinction to jazz theory, this scale is commonly simply called the octatonic scale (or octatonic collection), although there are forty-two other non-enharmonically equivalent, non-transpositionally equivalent eight-tone sets possible.

In St. Petersburg at the turn of the 20th century, this scale had become so familiar in the circle of composers around Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov that it was referred to there as the Korsakovian scale (Корсаковская гамма) (Taruskin 1985, 132). As early as 1911 the Russian theorist Boleslav Yavorsky described this collection of pitches as the diminished mode (уменьшённый лад), because of the stable way the diminished fifth functions in it (Taruskin 1985, 111–13, citing Yavorsky 1911), and in jazz theory it is called the diminished scale (Campbell 2001, 126), or symmetric diminished scale (Hatfield 2005, 125), because it can be conceived as a combination of two interlocking diminished seventh chords, just as the augmented scale can be conceived as a combination of two interlocking augmented triads. In more recent Russian theory the term "octatonic" is not used. Instead this scale is placed among other symmetrical modes (total 11) under its historical name Rimsky-Korsakov scale, or Rimsky-Korsakov mode (Kholopov 1982, 30; Kholopov 2003, 227). Because it was associated in the early 20th century with the Dutch composer Willem Pijper, in the Netherlands it is called the Pijper scale (Taruskin 1985, 73).

Nanny of the Maroons

Queen Nanny or Nanny (c. 1685 – unknown, circa 1755), Jamaican National Hero, was a well-known, 18th-century leader of the Jamaican Maroons. Much of what is known about her comes from oral history as little textual evidence exists. However, historical documents refer to her as the "rebels' old obeah woman," and they legally grant "Nanny and the people now residing with her and their heirs ... a certain parcel of Land containing five hundred acres in the parish of Portland ...".Nanny Town was founded on this land.

Maroons

The Maroons are descendants of West Africans, mainly people from the Ashanti region of what is today Ghana who, having been brought to Jamaica in the course of the Transatlantic slave trade, fled the oppressive experience of slavery on plantations and formed their own communities in the rugged, hilly interior of the island. A minority of slaves originated from other regions of West Africa including the Congo and Madagascar and joined the Maroons in their escapes. This group, referred to as Coromantie or Koromantee, were ferocious fighters who refused to become slaves. Up to the 1650s under Spanish rule, slaves escaped and intermarried with the native islanders, the Arawaks, in their communities on the west of the island. Later, when the British assumed control of the colony, more slaves were able to escape from plantations to join the two main bands of Maroons in Jamaica: Windward and Leeward Maroons, headed respectively by Nanny of the Maroons and Captain Cudjoe. Between 1655 until the 1830s they led most of the slave rebellions in Jamaica helping to free slaves from the plantations and damaging land and property held by plantation owners.

Alex Jones

Alex Jones may refer to:

Sports

Others

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The Alex Jones Show

The Alex Jones Show (known in some markets as Infowars with Alex Jones) is an American talk radio show hosted by conspiracy theorist, author and filmmaker, Alex Jones, on the Genesis Communications Network. The program is a syndicated radio show broadcast nationally on more than 165 AM and FM radio stations in the United States, shortwave station WWCR, on XM Radio Channel 244, via audio podcast, online in video form on YouTube and its official sites Infowars.com and PrisonPlanet.tv.

Criticism

The Anti-Defamation League (ADL) and the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) have written about the show, criticizing the show's anti-government positions and its promotion of conspiracy theories.

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References

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