Hyssopus can also refer to a genus of Hymenopteran insects of the family Eulophidae.

For the biblical plant usually translated as hyssop, see Ezov.

Hyssop
Herb Hyssop Hyssopus officinalis
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Asterids
Order:	Lamiales
Family:	Lamiaceae
Genus:	Hyssopus L.
Species
See text

Hyssop (Hyssopus) is a genus of about 10-12 species of herbaceous or semi-woody plants in the family Lamiaceae, native from the east Mediterranean to central Asia.^[1] They are aromatic, with erect branched stems up to 60 cm long covered with fine hairs at the tips. The leaves are narrow oblong, 2–5 cm long. The small blue flowers are borne on the upper part of the branches during summer. By far the best-known species is the Herb Hyssop (H. officinalis), widely cultivated outside its native area in the Mediterranean.

Note that anise hyssop, Agastache foeniculum (also called blue giant hyssop), is a very different plant and not a close relation, although both are in the mint family. Anise hyssop is native to much of north-central and northern North America.

Species[link]

Cultivation[link]

The name hyssop can be traced back almost unchanged through the Greek ύσσωπος (hyssopos).^[1] The Book of Exodus records that the blood of the sacrifices was applied to the doorposts using hyssop on the night of Passover. Its purgative properties are also mentioned in the Book of Psalms.^[2] Jesus, on the cross, knowing that all things had now been finished ^[3] said, "I thirst" and a sponge soaked in vinegar (Roman soldier wine, sour wine) was put at the end of a hyssop branch and brought up to His mouth for Him to drink.^[4][5] Both Matthew and Mark mention the occasion but refer to the plant using the general term καλαμος (kalamos), which is translated as "reed" or "stick."

The seeds are sown in spring and the seedlings planted out 40–50 cm apart. Hyssop can also be propagated from cuttings or root division in spring or autumn. Hyssop should be grown in full sun on well-drained soil, and will benefit from occasional clipping. It is short-lived, and the plants must be replaced every few years. It is ideal for use as a low hedge or border within the herb garden.

Hyssop also has uses in the garden; it is said to be a good companion plant to cabbage because it will deter the Cabbage White butterfly.^[6] It has also "been found to improve the yield from grapevines if planted along the rows, in particular if the terrain is rocky or sandy, and the soil is not as easy to work as it might be."^[7] Hyssop is said to be antagonistic to radishes, and they should not be grown nearby. Hyssop also attracts bees, hoverflies, and butterflies, thus has a place in the wild garden as well as being useful in controlling pests and encouraging pollination without the use of unnatural methods.

Hyssop leaves can be preserved by drying.^[1] They should be harvested on a dry day at the peak of their maturity and the concentration of active ingredients is highest. They should be dried quickly, away from bright sunlight in order to preserve their aromatic ingredients and prevent oxidation of other chemicals. Good air circulation is required, such as an airing cupboard with the door left open, or a sunny room, aiming for a temperature of 20-32°C. Hyssop leaves should dry out in about six days, any longer and they will begin to discolor and lose their flavor.^[1] The dried leaves are stored in clean, dry, airtight containers, and will keep for 12–18 months.

Hyssop is used as a food plant by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Cabbage Moth.

Usage[link]

19th century illustration of H. officinalis

Hyssop is used as an ingredient in eau de Cologne and the liqueur Chartreuse. It is also used to color the spirit Absinthe, along with Melissa and Roman wormwood.^[8] Hyssop is also used, usually in combination with other herbs such as liquorice,^[9] in herbal remedies, especially for lung conditions.^[10] The essential oils of hyssop can cause fatal convulsions in rats,^[11][12][13] and may not be as safe as most people believe.^[14]

Ritual use[link]

Hyssop is also often used to fill the Catholic ceremonial Aspergillum, which the priest dips into a bowl of holy water, and sprinkles onto the congregation to bless them. To wit, the invocation in the Psalm Miserere states Thou shalt purge me with hyssop, and I shall be clean:. However, researchers have suggested that the Biblical accounts refer not to the plant currently known as hyssop but rather to one of a number of different herbs."^[15][16]

Culinary use[link]

Hyssop leaves have a slightly bitter minty flavour and can be added to soups, salads, or meats, although should be used sparingly, as the flavour is very strong.

See also[link]

• Agastache, commonly known as Giant Hyssop
• Za'atar
• Ezov

References[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Hyssopus

Grant Reid Jeffrey (October 5, 1948 - May 11, 2012) was a Canadian Bible teacher of Bible prophecy/eschatology and biblical archaeology and a proponent of dispensational evangelical Christianity.^[1] Jeffrey served as the chairman of Frontier Research Publications^[2] for more than 20 years. His books by publishers including: WaterBrook Press, Bantam Books, HarperCollins, Zondervan, Word and Tyndale House have sold more than 7 million copies and have been printed in 24 languages.^[3] Jeffrey was working on a new book called, One Nation Under Attack (WaterBrook Press, Jan. 2013), at the time of his death.^[4] He also appeared on television and radio shows, particularly on Christian programs and also had been invited to speak to groups around the globe.^[5]

In 1982, Jeffrey earned a Chartered Life Underwriter Certification from the University of Toronto's Extension Program. He later received his Master's Degree and Ph.D. in Biblical Studies from Louisiana Baptist University.^[2]

In 1999, Jeffrey's book, The Millennium Meltdown, reached #2 on the Publishers Weekly bestseller list for religious paperbacks.^[6] In 2000, his novel By Dawn's Early Light, which he co-wrote with Angela Hunt, won the Christy Award for futuristic Christian fiction.^[7]

In 2007, Trinity Broadcasting Network began broadcasting, Bible Prophecy Revealed, a 30-minute weekly program hosted by Jeffrey.^[8]

Grant Jeffrey passed away on May 11, 2012 in Toronto, Canada.

An Update posted on, "www.grantjeffrey.com," on May 12, 2012 reads:

I know this is going to be a real shock to most of you, but we know God has always been in control of Grant's life and ministry. Friday evening, May 11th at 11:09 pm Grant had a cardiac arrest and the angels escorted his spirit to his heavenly home. He is now without pain, he is healed and now with his Heavenly Father. He will be missed sorely!!!!

Grant's funeral was held on May 19, 2012 at the Queensway Catherdral in Toronto, Canada. Grant is survived by his wife, Kathleen Graham Jeffrey, daughter Adrienne Jeffrey and her husband, two grandsons, Benjamin and Christopher, his mother, Mrs. Florence Jeffrey, three brothers, Dr. David Jeffrey, Glenn Jeffrey and Dale Jeffrey, and sister Jill Jeffrey. Speakers at his memorial service included Rev. Billy Richards, Paul Graham, Rev. Marshall Eizenga, Dr. Hal Lindsey, Dr. Ed Hindson, Benny Hinn, Joe Van Koevering, Dr. Frank Dimant, (CEO, Bnai Brith), Amir Gisson, Concol General of Israel, and Dr. Charles McVety, President, Canada Christian College.

May God bless you as you remember Kaye and the family in your prayers!

Works[link]

• Apocalypse: The Coming Judgment of the Nations (WaterBrook Press, Mar 1995), ISBN 0-553-56530-3
• Armageddon: Appointment with Destiny' (WaterBrook Press, Jan 1997)', ISBN 0-921714-40-8^[9]
• By Dawn's Early Light, with Angela Elwell Hunt, ISBN 0-8499-1609-7
• Creation: Remarkable Evidence of God's Design (WaterBrook Press, Oct 2003), ISBN 0-921714-78-5^[10]
• Final Warning (WaterBrook Press, Apr 1995), ISBN 1-56507-479-3
• Final Warning: Economic Collapse and the Coming World Government, ISBN 0-921714-24-6
• Finding Financial Freedom (WaterBrook Press, Mar 2005), ISBN 1-400071-05-0
• Flee The Darkness, with Angela Elwell Hunt, ISBN 0-8499-4063-X^[11]
• The Global Warming Deception (WaterBrook Press, Feb 2011), ISBN 1-400074-43-3
• The Handwriting of God (WaterBrook Press, Oct 1997), ISBN 0-8499-4095-8

Grant Reid Jeffrey was born October 5, 1948 and passed away on May 11, 2012

• The Handwriting of God: Sacred Mysteries of the Bible, ISBN 0-921714-38-6
• Heaven the Last Frontier (WaterBrook Press, July 1996), ISBN 0-553-29286-2
• Heaven: The Mystery of Angels, ISBN 0-88368-972-3
• Jesus: The Great Debate (WaterBrook Press, Aug 1999), ISBN 0-921714-56-4
• Journey Into Eternity: Search for Immortality (WaterBrook Press, Feb 2000), ISBN 0-921714-60-2
• La Firma De Dios, ISBN 0-88368-488-8
• Messiah (WaterBrook Press, Mar 1995), ISBN 0-921714-02-5
• Messiah: War in the Middle East and the Road to Armageddon, ISBN 0-553-29958-1
• Millennium Meltdown: Spiritual and Practical Strategies to Survive Y2K, ISBN 0-8423-4374-1^[12]
• Millennium Meltdown: The Year 2000 Computer Crisis, ISBN 0-921714-48-3^[13]
• The Mysterious Bible Codes, ISBN 0-8499-1325-X^[14]
• The New Temple and the Second Coming: The Prophecy That Points to Christ's Return in Your Generation (WaterBrook Press, Oct 2007), ISBN 1-4000-7107-4
• The Next World War: What Prophecy Reveals About Extreme Islam and the West (WaterBrook Press, Oct 2006), ISBN 1-4000-7106-7
• One Nation, Under Attack (WaterBrook Press, Jan 2013), ISBN 0-307-73107-4
• Prince of Darkness: Antichrist and New World Order (WaterBrook Press, Mar 1995), ISBN 0-553-56223-1
• The Scroll (WaterBrook Press, Sep 2011), ISBN -0-307-72926-2
• Shadow Government (WaterBrook Press, Oct 2009), ISBN 1-4000-7442-6
• The Signature of God (WaterBrook Press, Sept 2002), ISBN 0-8499-4094-X
• The Signature of God: Astonishing Biblical Discoveries, ISBN 0-8423-6795-0
• The Spear of Tyranny (with Angela Hunt), ISBN 0-8499-4238-1^[15]
• Surveillance Society: The Rise of Antichrist (WaterBrook Press, Jul 2000), ISBN 0-921714-62-9
• Triumphant Return: The Coming Kingdom of God (WaterBrook Press, July 2001), ISBN 0-921714-64-5
• Unveiling Mysteries of the Bible (WaterBrook Press, Sept 2002), ISBN 0-921714-72-6
• War on Terror: Unfolding Bible Prophecy (WaterBrook Press, Jan 2002), ISBN 0-921714-66-1^[16]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Grant Jeffrey's official website
• Grant Jeffrey at Find a Grave
• Grant Jeffrey's published books with WaterBrook Press

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MF DOOM
MF Doom at the Hultsfred Festival 2011 in Sweden
Background information
Also known as	DOOM, King Geedorah, Metal Face, Metal Fingers, Viktor Vaughn, Zev Love X, Madvillain
Born	(1971-01-09) January 9, 1971 (age 41) London, United Kingdom
Origin	Long Island, New York
Genres	East Coast hip hop
Occupations	Rapper, hip hop producer
Instruments	Vocals, sampler, synthesizer, drum machine, Pro Tools
Years active	1988–1993 1997–present
Labels	Elektra (1988–1993) Sub Verse (1997–2003) Fondle 'Em (1997–2001) Metal Face (1997–present) Big Dada (2003) Naturesounds (2003–present) Rhymesayers (2004) Stones Throw (2004–present) Lex (2005–present)
Associated acts	KMD, Madvillain, Danger Doom, Madlib, MF Grimm, Ghostface Killah, J Dilla, Count Bass D, Aesop Rock, Jneiro Jarel, Gorillaz, Masta Ace, De La Soul
Website	Official website

Daniel Dumile (pronounced /ˈduːmɨleɪ/ DOO-mə-lay; born January 9, 1971) is a hip hop artist who has taken on several stage names in his career, most notably MF Doom, often stylized as MF DOOM, where the "MF" stands for metal face, but metal fingers when using his producing name. He has appeared in several collaborative projects such as Danger Doom (with Danger Mouse) and Madvillain (with Madlib).

History[link]

Early years with KMD[link]

Dumile was born on January 9, 1971, in London, England, the son of a Trinidadian mother and Zimbabwean father.^[1] He then moved with his family to New York and was raised in the city of Long Beach, New York on Long Island.

As Zev Love X, he formed the group KMD in 1988 with his younger brother DJ Subroc and another MC called Rodan. When Rodan left the group, Zev found another MC to replace Rodan named Onyx the Birthstone Kid.^[1] A&R rep Dante Ross learned of KMD through the hip hop group 3rd Bass, and signed the group to Elektra Records.^[2]

Dumile and KMD's recorded debut came on 3rd Bass's song "The Gas Face" from The Cactus Album,^[1] followed in 1991 with KMD's album Mr. Hood, which became a minor hit through its singles "Peachfuzz", "Who Me?" and heavy video play on cable TV's Yo! MTV Raps and Rap City.

Subroc was struck and killed by a car in 1993 while attempting to cross the Long Island Expressway before the release of a second KMD album, titled Black Bastards.^[1] The group was subsequently dropped from Elektra Records that same week. Before the release of the album, it was shelved due to controversy over its cover art,^[2] which featured a cartoon of a stereotypical pickaninny or sambo character being hung from the gallows.

With the loss of his brother, Dumile retreated from the hip hop scene from 1994 to 1997. He testifies to disillusionment and depression, living "damn near homeless, walking the streets of Manhattan, sleeping on benches.^[1][3]" In the late 1990s, he left New York City and settled in Atlanta. According to interviews with Dumile, he was also "recovering from his wounds" and swearing revenge "against the industry that so badly deformed him."^[1] Black Bastards had become bootlegged at the time, leading to Doom's rise in the underground hip hop scene.

Birth of MF DOOM[link]

In 1997, Dumile began freestyling incognito at open-mic events at the Nuyorican Poets Café in Manhattan, obscuring his face by putting a stocking over his head. He meanwhile had taken on a new identity, MF Doom, patterned after and wearing a mask similar to that of Marvel Comics super-villain Doctor Doom, who is depicted rapping on the cover of the 1999 album Operation: Doomsday. He wears this mask while performing and isn't photographed without it, except for very short glimpses in videos such as Viktor Vaughn's "Mr. Clean", "?", and in earlier photos with KMD.^[1] MF Doom's mask has undergone at least one design revision since its adoption (it is now an altered version of the mask worn by the character Maximus Decimus Meridius in the film Gladiator).

Early career[link]

Dumile released three singles on "Bobbito" García's Fondle 'Em Records, "Dead Bent", and "Greenbacks" (1997), and "The M.I.C." (1998). In 1999 Fondle 'Em released MF Doom's first full-length LP, Operation: Doomsday, which included these singles and their b-sides, and additional tracks. Dumile had used the spelling variant "M.F. DOOM" for the singles releases, but thereafter changed this to "MF DOOM".

Among the collaborators on these tracks were fellow members of the Monsta Island Czars collective (The M.I.C.), for which each artist took on the persona of a monster from the Godzilla mythos. Dumile went by the alias "King Geedorah," a three-headed golden dragon space monster, modeled after King Ghidorah, the Toho movie monster who was a three-headed dragon that often battled Godzilla. Some of his appearances on the LP are as, and are credited to this persona, instead of that of MF Doom. Dumile would revisit this character later under various name-spellings.

Guest appearances, production, and instrumental work[link]

In the years intervening before his next full-length solo release, and continually since, Dumile has appeared on several tracks on other artists' LPs and remixes, contributed one-off tracks to compilations, and done various guest production work.^[4]

In 2002, he appeared on the Sound-Ink's Colapsus collection,on a very hard to find track titled "Monday Nite at Fluid" featuring Kurious with production by King Honey, who also produced some tracks for Dumile's album Vaudeville Villain. DOOM also made an appearance in "November Has Come", a track on Gorillaz's 2005 album Demon Days, which reached #6 on the Billboard 200.^[5]

Besides the Viktor Vaughn album Dumile produces all the instrumentation tracks for his solo releases with very few exceptions.^[4]

Beginning in 2001, under the "Metal Fingers" moniker, Dumile began releasing his Special Herbs instrumentals series. Many of these beats can be heard as the instrumentation tracks throughout his body of work. A separate website catalogs for which tracks each instrumental has been used.^[6]

Ongoing career[link]

In 2003, Dumile released the King Geedorah album Take Me to Your Leader. Geedorah is credited as producer, but only appears as an MC on four tracks. The majority of vocal tracks feature guest MCs, and the album features several instrumental montages of sampled vocals from old movies and TV shows—a technique employed on most of Dumile's albums. Both Venomous Villain and Take Me to Your Leader feature appearances by MF Doom.

Also in 2003, Dumile released the LP Vaudeville Villain under the moniker Viktor Vaughn (another play on Doctor Doom, whose "real name" is Victor von Doom). In 2004 he released a follow-up LP, Venomous Villain (also called VV2).

And, in 2004, the second MF Doom album MM.. Food was released by the Minnesota-based label Rhymesayers Entertainment.

Mainstream recognition[link]

DOOM's first commercial breakthrough came in 2004, with the album Madvillainy, created with producer Madlib under the group name Madvillain. Released by Stones Throw Records, the album was a critical and commercial success. MF DOOM was seen by mainstream audiences for the first time as Madvillain received publicity and acclaim in publications such as Rolling Stone, The Washington Post, The New York Times, The New Yorker, and Spin. A video for "All Caps" and a four-date U.S. tour followed the release of Madvillainy. Additional videos for "Rhinestone Cowboy" and "Accordion", both directed by Andrew Gura, were released on the DVDs Stones Throw 101 and Stones Throw 102: In Living the True Gods, respectively.

MF Doom collaborated with Danger Mouse who together are known as DANGERDOOM.

Though still an independent artist, MF DOOM took a bigger step towards the mainstream in 2005 with The Mouse and the Mask, a collaboration with producer DJ Danger Mouse under the group name Danger Doom. The album, released on October 11, 2005 by Epitaph, was done in collaboration with Cartoon Network's Adult Swim and featured voice-actors and characters from its programs (mostly Aqua Teen Hunger Force). Danger Doom reached #41 on the Billboard 200.^[7] In 2006 DOOM hosted the Adult Swim Christmas special and he could be seen in between shows, usually talking about what was up next, and making jokes.

2006–2009[link]

MF Doom produced tracks for both of Ghostface Killah's 2006 albums Fishscale and More Fish, and the two are currently at work on a collaboration album titled Swift & Changeable. So far only track released from the album is "Angels", which appeared on a Nature Sounds compilation in late 2006, and later re-released in a different fashion on Doom's 2009 album Born Like This. Doom has also revealed plans for a second Madvillain album with producer Madlib, with one song, "Monkey Suite", first appearing on the Adult Swim/Stones Throw Records album Chrome Children, later it appeared on Madvillainy 2 - The Madlib Remix. Other potential projects mentioned by Doom include new albums from Danger Doom,^[8] KMD, as well as further albums under both his Viktor Vaughn and King Geedorah aliases. However, many such Doom projects have been rumored in recent years without materializing.

Despite no new Doom releases in 2006, Kidrobot and Stones Throw released an 8" tall Madvillain toy available to coincide with the release of the Chrome Children CD/DVD (hosted by Peanut Butter Wolf) which featured a DVD performance of Madvillain and several other Stones Throw artists. Doom also continued to work with Adult Swim doing voice-over work as Sherman the Giraffe on Perfect Hair Forever, being the voice for The Boondocks ads and previews and hosting their Christmas Eve 2006 programming.

In late January 2009, Lex records confirmed Doom's new album title to be Born Like This, and that the "MF" would be dropped from his name, now just "DOOM".^[9] The album was released worldwide on March 24, 2009.^[10] As a teaser, the track "Ballskin" was posted on Doom's Myspace page on January 13, 2009.^[11] Snippets of the entire album were made available for streaming on Doom's Myspace on the album's release date. The title for the album was inspired by the poem "Dinosauria, We" by poet and writer Charles Bukowski. Doom samples a performance of the poem by Bukowski on the track "Cellz". Previously, Doom used a Bukowski sample for a vocal interlude on 2004's "All Outta Ale.^[12] "Thom Yorke of Radiohead remixed the track "Gazillion Ear" which is available as an iTunes-only bonus track.^[13] June 26, 2009 Kurious released II which featured Doom on the song "Benetton".^[14]

2009-2012[link]

On May 26, 2010, the second single for the next Madvillain album "Paper Mill" was released through Adult Swim.^[15] Expektoration, a live Doom album, was released on September 14, 2010 through Gold Dust Media. In mid 2010, DOOM released the mix-tape "DOOM!", a collection of greatest hits, B-sides and rareties, including the theme for the video game Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars featuring Ghostface Killah, and Biochemical Equation, featuring the RZA.

On July 27, 2011 DOOM and Ghostface Killah released the track "Victory Laps" from their long awaited collaboration project Swift & Changeable on the Nature Sounds label.

DOOM was chosen by Portishead to perform at the ATP I'll Be Your Mirror festival that they curated in July 2011 at London's Alexandra Palace.^[16]

DOOM will be the guest curator for Chapter 48 of Frank151's quarterly magazine. Chapter 48 will be released Summer 2012 and will feature a candid interview with DOOM on a variety of topics.^[17]

In September DOOM will be performing live as part of Bestival 2012 on the Isle Of Wight.^[18]

Live show controversy[link]

Dumile has become infamous for allegedly sending imposters to perform on his behalf.^[19] Doom initially countered such accusations by claiming that he lost weight and thus looked - and sounded - different,^[20] before his road manager described the move as an intentional choice made by Dumile.^[21] For his 2011 UK tour, a promoter for the Glasgow show - fearing reduced attendance from a cautious public - guaranteed on Twitter that Dumile would be appearing in person.

Discography[link]

Solo[link]

• 1999: Operation: Doomsday
• 2003: Take Me to Your Leader (as King Geedorah)
• 2003: Vaudeville Villain (as Viktor Vaughn)
• 2004: Venomous Villain (as Viktor Vaughn)
• 2004: Mm.. Food
• 2009: Born Like This (as DOOM)

Compilation Albums[link]

• 2009: Unexpected Guests

Collaboration Albums[link]

• 1991: Mr. Hood (as Zev Love X with KMD)
• 2001: Black Bastards (as Zev Love X with KMD)
• 2003: Escape from Monsta Island! (as King Geedorah with Monsta Island Czars)
• 2004: Madvillainy (with Madlib as Madvillain)
• 2005: The Mouse and the Mask (with Danger Mouse as DANGERDOOM)
• 2006: Occult Hymn (with Danger Mouse as DANGERDOOM)
• 2012: Son of Yvonne (with Masta Ace as MA DOOM)
• 2012: Key to the Kuffs (with Jneiro Jarel as JJ DOOM) ^[22]
• TBA: Swift & Changeable (with Ghostface Killah as DOOMSTARKS)

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Daniel Dumile

• MF Doom on Myspace
• Official website