This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2009)

This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. No cleanup reason has been specified. Please help improve this article if you can; the talk page may contain suggestions. (July 2011)

Loralai Pashto: لورالائی is the principal city of Loralai District in the northeast of the Balochistan Province of Pakistan. It was formerly known as Bori. It is four thousand seven hundred (4700) feet above the sea level. In 1545 Duki, a dependency of the Kandahar province, was conferred upon Mir Sayyid Ali by the Mughal Emperor Humayun. The province of Kandahar continued under Mughals until the year 1559 when it passed into the hands of the Safavids Kings of Persia and remained under their control until 1595. In 1595 it was recaptured by Emperor Akbar the Great, during Akbar’s reign the territory of Duki which was generally garrisoned, formed an eastern dependency of the Kandahar Province and provided a contingent of 500 horses and 1,000-foot (300 m) soldiers. In 1622 Kandahar again passed under the Safavids. In 1653 Emperor Shah Jahan sent a large expedition under his eldest son, Dara-Shikoh, to regain Kandahar but in vain. This was the last attempt on the part of the Mughals to regain Kandahar which was now lost to them for ever. Mir Wais Ghilzai or Khilji established Ghilzai/Khilji power in Kandahar around 1709. After 30 years of supremacy the Ghilzai/Khilji power gave way to Nadir Shah who captured after a severe struggle in 1737. However in 1747 Nadir Shah was assassinated and Ahmad Shah Durrani took over the reign of Government. The Durranis were followed in about 1826 by the Barakzai under Dost Mohammad. Almost the whole of Loralai District remained under this dynasty till 1879, in 1879 Duki and the Thal country with other parts of Balochistan passed into the hands of the British. Later Emperor Shah Jahan made great efforts to regain the province of Kandahar from the Safavids and with this end in view, in 1655 AD, sent a large expedition consisting of over 104,000 men under his elder son prince Dara Shikoh. After a lengthy investment, Dara Shikoh had to abandon the siege of Kandahar and returned. This was the last attempt on the part of Mughals to regain Kandahar which was now lost to them for ever. The province continued to be under the rule of the Safavids, but the Afghan inhabitants had become so highly discontended owing to the persecutions by the Persian governors that there was an uprising under Mir Wais Ghilzai, who established the Ghilzai power in Kandahar in about 1709 AD After ruling about 30 years, the Ghilzai power gave way to Nadir Shah who in 1737 AD marched on Kandahar and after a severe struggle, Mir Husain Khan, the last of the Ghilzai rulers, submitted. In 1747 AD, Naidr Shah was assassinated and the Afghans with a view to organize a regular government of their own, selected Ahmed Shah Durrani, a ruler of Kandahar, towards the end of the same year. Ahmed Shah at first attempted to administer the valley as a Kandahar District and appointed a governor named Agha Jan to represent him. This man irritated the Tarin tribe considerably and they murdered him. Ahmed Shah indignant at this act marched on Thal with a strong force. The Tarins surrendered to him. An annual tax of Rs.3,104 (Kaldar) was levied on the Tarin cultivators living on the Thal and Anambar perennial streams.

Under The Durrani's Kingdom[link]

The Durranis were followed in about 1826 AD, by the Barakzais under the first Amir of Afghanistan, Dost Muhammad, and almost the entire district came under the nominal rule of this dynasty. According to the Treaty of Gandamak, signed on the 25th May 1879 AD Duki and Thal Chotiali land with other parts of Balochistan passed into the hands of the British.

The steps by which the different parts of the district came under British control have been gradual. With the increase of British influence, most of the tribes petitioned to be taken under British protection and expressed their willingness to pay revenue. By 1884 AD, the British administration in the form of an Agency was established. During the early eighties some murderous attacks were made upon British subjects by different clans of Kakars under the influence of Shah Jahan of Zhob. Accordingly British troops were moved into Zhob and Sir Robert Sandeman held a darbar at Bori. The chiefs of the Bori valley attended this meeting and surrendered after the defeat of Shah Jehan. On the 22nd November 1894 AD, the Bori and Zhob chiefs reached an agreement accepting the supremacy of the British Government and promised to put a stop to further raids and to pay a fine of R.20,000. Gradually, administrative control was strengthened. On the 1st November 1887 AD, the district was declared a part of British India. In 1947, prior to the creation of Pakistan, a referendum was held by the British in which the tribesmen of Loralai district, like other districts of the Frontier Region, opted for Pakistan.^[1]

In 1879 at the close of the first phase of Afghan war a British contingent while returning from Kandahar was opposed by a large body of tribesmen from the Zhob and Bori valley at Baghao under command of Shah Jahan (chief of Zhob). However tribal lashkar was defeated completely. In 1881 Thal Chotiali (Sibi) which included Duki was made Sub district of the Harnai political Agency. In 1881 inhabitants of Sanjavi were brought under British subjugation. In 1883 it was decided to build cantt at Duki and the Garrison of Thal Chotiali (Sibi) leaving a detachment at Gumbaz. In October 1884 a force comprising 4800 men moved in to Bori (Loralai) valley and the mission was completely successful. In the following years it was decided that a frontier road should be constructed from Dera Ghazi Khan to Pishin through Loralai. The cantt from Duki was accordingly moved forward in 1886 to Loralai and Mil posts were stationed at Sanjavi, Mekhtar and Kingri. The Head Quarter of Assistant Political Agent at Duki was also changed to Loralai. In Nov 1887 Duki and Thal Chotiali (Sibi) were declared parts of British India and for the purpose of administration, the designation of the Political Agent was changed to that of Deputy Commissioner. In 1888 Sir Robert Sandeman proceeded with a small force through Musa Khel to Southern Zhob. Ultimately this led to the occupation of the Zhob valley in 1889. Loralai town and cantt remained under the Thal Chotiali Dist until 1894 when it was made over to the Zhob Agency. Famous People :''Malik Gulzar Khan Haiderzai'''''''',Wadera Paradin Mardanzai,Haji Abdul Ghafar Kudezai, Malik Habibullah Khan Kudezai,Malik Fateh Khan Kudezai,Khan Haiderzai, Khan Bahadur Khan Ghulam Haider Khan Mardanzai,Khan Sadeeq Khan Tarakai Ghilzai,Muhammad Rafique(Babu Rafique)

Population[link]

The population of Loralai district was estimated to be over 700,000 in 2005. The vast majority of the population of Loralai district are Pashtun with Kakar and NASAR as majority tribes. The district offers a great blend of mixed tribes from all parts of Pakistan. Some major tribes of Loralai have migrated from the parts of Zhob like "Jogezai", Jalalzai,Batozai and Musazai & Some migrant tribes from Afghanistan i.e Sulemankhail,Tarakai,Tokhai,Andar,Khilji,Kharoti etc..

Main tribes of loralai[link]

District Loralai is inhabited by pre dominately Pushtoon tribes; Major tribes are;-

(1) Kakar The bigest trib is((( Utmankhel))) ("Jogezai is 2Houses in loralai","Hamzazai", Mardanzai is 2 Houses in Loralai, Kudezai,etc) (2) Tareen (3) Durrani (4) Nasar (5) Gahnazai (6) Musa khail (7) Khilji or Ghilzai (including, Suleimankhail,Tarakai,Hottak,Tokhai,Andar etc) (8) Syed(peachi) (9) Marmakhail ( malazai,kudizai,shabozai,etc) (10) Luni (11)Sarbourida. Baloch tribes settled in Loralai are Malghani, Buzdar, Qiasrani & Khetran.

Duki

(a) Nasar (b) Tareen (c) Luni (d) Zarkoon (e) Sargarai (f) Khajjak(Hamzazai) (g) Shadozai(kakar) (h) Malghani (i) Syed

"Makhter"

(a) Gahnazai (b) Plezai (c) Shumzai (d) Khlanzai

Musa khel,

(a) Zimri (b) Belkhel (c) Laharzai (d) Syed (Ghar Sheen) (e) Jaffer (d) Hamzazai

Shifting of British Camp[link]

British camp was shifted from Duki in eighteen hundred and eighty (1880) due to its strategic location and military importance. Loralai is an important junction coming from Afghanistan via Zhob, Fort Monroe via Punjab and Balochistan via Quetta to Ziarat. These days Loralai is the regional headquarters of paramilitary Frontier Corps.

Loralai has been the district headquarters since 1903. It has consisted of different regions in different times. Loralai currently consists of four tehsils: Tehil Loralai, Tehsil Bori, Tehsil Mekhtar and Tehsil Duki. The population is approximately 0.34 million as per 1998 population.^[2] It is mostly inhabited by Kakar, Luni, Tareen and Kakar tribe with many sub branches is the majority in the current Loralai district.

Former principal of Government Degree College Loralai Fazal Dad Khan said it was named as Loralai in the British era. Before the settlement of new city, it was mostly inhabited by tribes whose occupation was animal husbandry and this 80 mile wide area was known as the Bori valley. But the British renamed it after the small river Lai and that is why it is called embankment of the (river/stream) Lai(Loralai).^[3]

Earliest signs of population in Loralai are twelve kilometers away from the city in Rana Gundy and in Duki near the ruins of the Mughal gundy. It is known from these ruins that limited population have started settling in Iron Age in these areas. But due to flooding in mountainous streams, these areas were destroyed many times. Rana Gundy is said to be destroyed seven times and re-populated again.^[4]

Earlier to British Empire[link]

Before the arrival of the British, the area from Sibi to Loralai was called Thal-Chutiali. Then It was divided into two parts through Sibi district. The rationale beyond this division was probably to govern and control the Pashtun and Baloch population separately. The present Zhob Division comprises six districts, Qila Saifullah, Zhob, Sherani, Musa Khel, Barakhan and Loralai.^[3]

It is inhabited by Pashtun tribes such as Naser, Tareen, Khilji, Durrani, (including Kakar, Sulaiman Khel, Tarakai, Andar, and Luni). The Baloch tribes Marri, Malghani, Buzdar and Khetran tribes live in southern and western parts of the district, and some in Loralai city. The Tareen tribe of Pashtuns is in majority and Khilji arrived from the Qalat, Zabul Province, Afghanistan region at some point in time during the past. Malazai is the sub tribe of Kakar and they live in Loralai, Qila Saifullah and Chaman.

The area has Coal mines. The terrain of the area is part of the landscape created by the Sulaiman Range. Development in city,luni tribe is settled in major area of loralai district luni is brave and fight with other big tribes like murees luni tribe hold politicsin district loralai .

Loralai city has its own radio broadcasting station and mobile coverage of three operators. With the completion of the Loralai-Dera Ghazi Khan road, many people see a much more brighter and prosperous future for the district since the travel to DG Khan is important in many ways like the transportation of cash crops and food crops and coal loaded trucks from Chamalang coal mines. The road in under construction between Wagum Rud and khajuri since long. Now the fresh contact has been awarded to FWO and fresh date for its completion is December 2008. All coal loaded trucks heading to Punjab and other areas travel on this road.

A peculiar feature of the soil of the Loralai is that it cannot be used for baked bricks as a baked brick gets brittle. Hence most of the town is made of mud. On the northern side of the town, there exists an old cantonment established before the departure of the British Empire for the purpose of defence against the Russian Empire.

See also[link]

• Loralai District
• Pakistan Coal Mines and Resources

Government of Balochistan

References[link]

Coordinates: 30°22′N 68°36′E / 30.367°N 68.6°E / 30.367; 68.6

Adil Khan عادل خان
A photo shoot with Morten Bendiksen (2006)
Born	Adil Thathaal (1983-02-03) 3 February 1983 (age 29) Oslo, Norway
Occupation	Actor
Years active	2006–present
Website
http://www.adil.no/

Adil Khan (Urdu: عادل خان, pronounced [ˈaːd̪ɪl ˈxaːn]; born on 3 February 1983 in Oslo, Norway) is a Norwegian dancer and actor of Punjabi/Pashtun descent. Adil came to the limelight when he won Dansefeber,^[1] (the Norwegian version of "So You Think You Can Dance") hosted by TVNorge in 2006.

Biography[link]

Birth and ancestry[link]

Adil Khan was born Adil Thathaal in Oslo, Norway. In his early childhood, he lived at Munkelia. Later, his family moved to Grønland and then to an area close to Ullevål Stadion. Adil's father is from the Punjab province of Pakistan and belongs to Thothal-Rajput caste. Adil's mother is a Pashtun who has her roots in Afghanistan and belongs to the Durrani tribe, which is scattered through Pakistan, Afghanistan and Iran. Adil is the younger brother of singer, composer, film maker and human rights activist Deeyah. ^[2]

Music and dance[link]

Adil belongs to an art loving family. From Adil's childhood, his father has been an initiator of cultural activities in Norway, particularly being at the forefront of introducing workshops for Pakistani Classical Music, as well as being a participating figure in literary and art circles. Adil's father is responsible for arranging music concerts and introducing Norwegian audiences to the music and creative traditions of Pakistan. Because of his father's activities in music and the arts, Adil started learning music from a very early age like his sister Deeyah.

Though Adil quit music after a few years, his early music education prepared him for his acting and performing career in musical theatre in his later life.

In 2009 Adil was invited to sing Michael Jackson's "Man In The Mirror" for Auma Obama, the sister of President Barack Obama. The programme was arranged by NRK1 in connection with fund raising campaign for Africa.^[3]

In 1997, Adil experienced a newfound interest for breakdancing which he formed into his art form. In 1999, together with his friends, he founded the dance group "Floor Knights". He put his soul into breakdance, and soon after distinguished himself among the other B-boys. Adil has also lived in Copenhagen where he was a member of the elite breakdance group "Natural Effects". Adil has won several dance competitions in Norway and abroad, like "B-boy Rumble 1999" (Norwegian championship), "Scandinavian Battle Of The Year 2001" (Scandinavian championship), and "Time 2 Battle" in Malmø (Scandinavian Championship). But his real breakthrough came in 2006 when he won the Norwegian national dance competition Dansefeber. This victory gave him a national celebrity status. Adil wanted to further improve his dancing skills, therefore, right after winning season 1 of Dansefeber, he left for Los Angeles, where he became a member of Quest Crew (winners of the third season of America's Best Dance Crew).^[4]

Actor[link]

After winning Dansefeber, Adil started receiving offers from national Norwegian theaters for acting jobs. His acting debut came in 2006 at Oslo Nye Teater as Bernardo in West Side Story. Soon after, Adil left for Los Angeles. But the acting offers kept on coming which brought him back to Norway in 2007. The first play, after his arrival was The Nutcracker which followed by several other productions. Adil received critical acclaim for his performance in The Jungle Book as Mowgli, which got him the nomination for Hedda Award in the best male role category. Adil is the youngest actor in Norway to ever be nominated for this prestigious theatre award.^[5]

Norske Talenter[link]

Adil Khan is to serve as a judge on Norske Talenter (series 4) from 2011.^[6] Norske Talenter (Norwegian Talents) is a Norwegian version of Got Talent series. It is a talent show that features singers, dancers, magicians, comedians and other performers of all ages competing for the specified prize. The programme is being presented by TV 2 since 2008.

Honours and awards[link]

• On 31 May 2006, Adil was awarded by Norwegian Cancer Society for his work among the youth.^[7] This award landed Adil in the company of national icons such as Gerd-Liv Valla, Dagfinn Høybråten and Gro Harlem Brundtland.^[8]

• In 2006-2007, Adil Khan became the first goodwill ambassador for FRI (an anti smoking and anti drugs campaign initiated by Norwegian Directorate for Health and Social Affairs).^[9]

• In 2008, Adil received Oslo City art award at Oslo City Hall by Oslo Municipality for his contributions in Oslo's artistic life.^[10]
• In 2010, he was assigned as goodwill ambassador for UNICEF Norway.

Acting career[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official website
• Adil Khan at the Internet Movie Database