The Arabic term aṣ-Ṣaḥāba (Arabic: الصحابة‎, "the companions"; from the verb صَحِبَ, "accompany", "keep company with", "associate with") refers to the companions, disciples, scribes and family of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. This form is definite plural; the indefinite singular is masculine ṣaḥābiyy, feminine ṣaḥābiyyah.

Later scholars accepted their testimony of the words and deeds of Muhammad, the occasions on which the Qur'an was revealed and various important matters of Islamic history and practice. The testimony of the companions, as it was passed down through chains of trusted narrators (isnads), was the basis of the developing Islamic tradition. From the traditions (hadith) of the life of Muhammad and his companions are drawn the Muslim way of life (sunnah), the code of conduct (sharia) it requires and the jurisprudence (fiqh) by which Muslim communities should be regulated. The two largest Islamic denominations, the Sunni and Shi'a, take different approaches in weighing the value of the companions' testimony, have different hadith collections and, as a result, have different constructed views about the Sahabah.

Ṣaḥāba (Arabic: الصحابة‎, "The Companions") The companions of Muhammad, who had met or had seen him while in a state of īmān, and then died in that state.

Shurahbîl ibn Hassana

== Shi'a critique of the Sahaba == This is not the view of Muslims and teachings of Islam thought by the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) but from evil Shia scholars.

There is no standardized guideline of status according to the Shia school of thought; a Shia consensus cannot be established regarding a detailed list based on rank. However there is a general consensus on an approximate view of each Sahaba. Most disagreements between the Shi'as sects start after Husayn ibn Ali's era. Shi'as can in general be expected to have a certain view on each Sahaba after having understood what relevant actions the specific Sahaba have accomplished during his or her life. Egyptian and Saudi Arabian Sunni scholars have in general different views on, for example, Muawiya ibn Abu Sufyan, one more favorable and the other more dim, however, both are within the Sunni doctrines that claim the uprightness of all Sahaba and go to heaven.

Ibn Mālik, Abū ʻAbd Allāh Djamāl Al-Dīn Muhammad (Arabic: ابن مالك، محمد بن عبد الله‎) (c. 600 AH - 672 AH / c. 1204 - 22 February 1274) was an Arab grammarian born in Jaén, Spain. After leaving Spain for the Near East, he became a Shāfi‘ī, and taught Arabic language and literature in Aleppo and Hamāt, before eventually settled in Damascus, where he began the most productive period of his life. He was a senior master at the Adiliyya Madrasa. His reputation in Arabic literature was cemented by his al-Khulāsa al-alfiyya (known also as simply Alfiya), a versification of Arabic grammar, for which at least 43 commentaries have been written.

Fleisch, H. Ibn Mālik in The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd Edition. CD-ROM Edition v 1.0. (Leiden: Brill, 1999).

Pierre Vogel (b. July 20, 1978 in Frechen), Islamic name Abu Hamza is a German Islamic preacher and a former professional boxer.

Vogel converted to Islam in 2001 and shortly thereafter began courses on Islamic studies in Germany. For two years he studied Arabic and the Quran at the private school Om Al-Qura in Mecca.^{[citation needed]}

In 2006 he returned to Berlin and started teaching Islam at the Al-Nur-Moschee mosque Neukölln, in universities and even among Christians.^{[citation needed]}

After 66 amateur fights^{[citation needed]} he turned professional at the age of 22, fighting briefly (for two years) as a cruiserweightfor the Sauerland club and was undefeated in seven bouts.

Vogel is married to a Muslim Moroccan woman and is father of three children.

He has been described in one German report as a "radical Muslim".

When he appeared at a Muslim meeting in Ferihegy^[when?], he said that polygamy is legitimate due to the fact that there are more women than men in Germany.

Abu Usamah at-Thahabi (born March 10, 1964) is an Imam at Green Lane Masjid in Birmingham, England.

Abu Usamah, Khalifah At-Thahabi, born Frankie Lipscomb, was born and raised in Passaic, New Jersey, the third eldest of four children. His siblings names include Kimberly, Sylvia, and also Daryl.

He reverted to Islam in 1986, and applied to attend the University of Madinah in Saudi Arabia, an Islamic school popular with reverts and international students. He attended the university for eight years where he graduated from the College of Da'wah and Usool-ad-Din. There he completed his BSc in Usool-Ul-Deen(theology) and learned the Arabic language. After his graduation from the University, Abu Usamah went to teach in the UK before returning to the US in 1996 in order to pursue his first position of Imam in Orlando, Florida. He was an imam at mosques in Philadelphia, Cleveland, and Peoria. Abu Usamah is very engaged in the Islamic community. He has also be immensely active in the giving of da'wah within the Islamic community.