Mammad Amin Rasulzade. Founder of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic 1918. Mammad Amin Rasulzade http://youtu.be/blJsNEapGP4 Mammad Amin Rasulzade. Founder of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic 1918. Mammad Amin Rasulzadeç Məmməd Əmin Rəsulzadə Mammad Amin Rasulzade (Azerbaijani: Məmməd Əmin Rəsulzadə, Turkish: Mehmet Emin Resulzade,Persian: محمدامین رسول‌زاده‎; born in January 31, 1884, Novxanı, near Baku— died March 6, 1955, Ankara) was an Azerbaijani statesman, scholar, public figure and the first and only president of Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan (1918--1920). His expression "Bir kərə yüksələn bayraq, bir daha enməz!" ("The flag once raised will never fall!") has become the motto of the independence movement in Azerbaijan in the 20th century. Mammad Amin Rasulzade received his education at the Russian-Muslim Secondary School and then at the Technical College in Baku. In his years of study he created "Muslim Youth Organisation Musavat", first secret organisation in Azerbaijan's contemporary history, and beginning from 1903 Rasulzade began writing articles in various opposition newspapers and magazines. At that time, his anti-monarchist platform and his demands for the national autonomy of Azerbaijan, aligned him with Social Democrats and future Communists. In 1904 he founded the first Muslim social-democrat organisation "Hummet" and became editor-in-chief of its newspapers, "Takamul"(1906--1907) and "Yoldash"(1907). Rasulzade also published many articles in non-partisan newspapers such as "Hayat", "Irshad" and also "Fuyuzat" journal. His dramatic play entitled "The Lights in the Darkness" was staged in Baku in 1908. In 1909, under the persecution from Tsarist authorities, Rasulzade fled Baku to participate in the Constitutional Revolution of 1905-1911. While in Iran, Rasulzade edited Iran-e Azad newspaper, became one of the founders of Democratic Party of Iran and began publishing its newspaper Iran-e Now which means "New Iran" and which has been described as "the greatest, most important and best known of the Persian newspapers, and the first to appear in the large size usual in Europe". In 1911, Rasulzade also published his book "Saadet-e bashar" ("Happiness of Mankind") in defence of the revolution. After Russian troops entered Iran in 1911 and, in cooperation with British, assisted Qajar Court to put an end to Iranian Constitutional Revolution, Rasulzade fled to Istanbul, then capital of Ottoman Empire. Here, in the wake of Young Turk Revolution, Rasulzade founded a journal called Türk yurdu (The Land of Turks), in which he published his famous article "İran Türkleri" ("The Iranian Turks"). After the Amnesty Act of 1913, dedicated to the 300th anniversary of the Romanov dynasty, Rasulzade returned to Baku, left the Hummet party he was previously member of, and joined the then secret Musavat (Equality) party in 1913, established in 1911. In 1915 he started to publish party's newspaper "Açıq Söz" (Open word) which lasted till 1918. When February Revolution happened, Musavat together with other secret political parties in Russian Empire quickly legalized and became a leading party of Caucasian Muslims after it merged with Party of Turkic Federalists headed by Nasib Yusifbeyli. October revolution in 1917 lead to secession of Transcaucasia from Russia and Rasulzade became head of Muslim faction in the Seym, parliament of Transcaucasian Federation. After the dissolution of the Transcaucasian Federation Muslim faction re-organized into Azerbaijani National Council, whose head Rasulzade was unanimously elected in May 1918. On May 28, 1918, the Azerbaijani National Council, headed by Rasulzade, declared an independent Azerbaijan Republic. Rasulzade also initiated the establishment of Baku State University together with Rashid Khan Gaplanov, minister of education with the funding of oil baron Haji Zeynalabdin Taghiyev in 1919. Rasulzade taught Ottoman literature at the University. ----------------------------------------------------------------- Subscribe on Youtube/Подписывайтесь на Ютубе: http://www.youtube.com/user/HaciChelebi http://www.youtube.com/user/BakuAndAzerbaijanRU On Facebook/На Фейсбуке: https://www.facebook.com/NagornoKarabakhAZ On Twitter/ В Твиттере: https://twitter.com/NagorNKarabakh Live Journal / На ЖЖ: http://NagornoKarabakh.livejournal.com/ VKontakte/ В Контакте: http://vk.com/NagornoKarabakh Odnoklassniki /Одноклассники http://www.odnoklassniki.ru/NagornoKarabakhAZ

• published: 31 Jan 2014
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