Ernesto Nathan

Ernesto Nathan (October 5, 1848 - April 9, 1921) was an English-Italian Jewish politician, and mayor of Rome, Italy from November 1907 to December 1913.

Biography[link]

Nathan was born in London in 1848 to Sara Levi and Mayer Moses Nathan, of, respectively, English and German citizenship, both of Jewish heritage. His father died when Ernesto was 14.

He spent his youth in Florence, Lugano, Milan and Sardinia, where he was called to administer a cotton mill. In these years he was attracted by the revolutionary ideas of Giuseppe Mazzini, and in 1870, at 25, he moved to Rome as administrator of La Roma del Popolo. His house in Rome became a center of literarian and political debate, with figures like Giosuè Carducci and Francesco Crispi Nine years later he was member of the Parliamentary left-winged party of Crispi and, in 1888, he obtained Italian citizenship.

In 1887 he became a member of the Masonic Grande Oriente d'Italia, of which he was named Grand Master in 1899 and later in 1917.^[1]

In the April 1889, Nathan was elected in the Town Council of Rome, and was elected mayor of the city in 1907. He retained the charge until 1913, and was elected for a second time in November 1911.

The first mayor of Rome who did not belong to the land-owning elite which had controlled politics in the city until then, and motivated by a deep belief in the importance of a secular, ethical politics, Nathan tried to regulate as much as possible the intense building programs that had erupted all around the city after it became the capital of Italy in 1871. He also strove to promote a secular education system, at a time when education in Rome was still dominated by Catholic institutions. He opened more than 150 kindergartens: an impressive number when one notes that the much larger city of today has only 288. The 40th anniversary commemoration of the Capture of Porta Pia in 1910 brought about extremely high tension between Nathan's anticlericalism and the Holy See.

With respect to public works, Nathan inaugurated the Vittoriano, the Palace of Justice (Palazzo di Giustizia), the Archaeological Walk on the Aventine and Caelian Hills, and the National Stadium, the current Stadio Flaminio, Rome's first modern building for sport events. A net of public transport (ATAC) was created in 1911, as well as a city energy company (ACEA), in 1912.

He died on April 9, 1921.

References[link]

• Claudio Rendina, Enciclopedia di Roma, Newton Compton, Rome, 2000.

Massimo Teodori (born September 9, 1938) is an Italian author and politician; his books mainly focus on the differences between Europe and the United States.^{[1] [2]}

He was born in Force, near the city of Ascoli Piceno, Marche, to an upper middle class family. His grandfather, a landowning farmer, was a liberal deputy in Ascoli Piceno from 1903 to 1919 who shared the ideas of Giovanni Giolitti. His father, a lawyer, was a liberal antifascist who held public responsibilities during the Italian Liberation and in the immediate post First World War period. For three years as a teenager, he hitchhiked throughout Europe. As of 1958 he lives in Rome, where he got a university degree in architecture with Bruno Zevi and Ludovico Quaroni, whom he began to collaborate with. During his university training, he was involved in local and national university politics.

In the mid-1960s he lived in the United States (New York, Philadelphia, San Francisco, and Berkeley). In 1971, despite lacking a degree in the subject, he began to teach American History at Italian universities. In 1979 he became a professor at the Faculty of Political Sciences at the University of Perugia. In Italy he has taught at the Libera Università Italiana Scienze Sociali (LUISS) of Rome and at the Johns Hopkins University extension at Bologna. In the United States, he has lectured at the University of California, Berkeley, Columbia University, and Harvard University.

Massimo Teodori has been President of Italy-USA Foundation from 2005 to 2007, and has written a number of books:

• Maledetti Americani (“Cursed Americans”)
• Benedetti Americani (“Blessed Americans”)
• L’Europa non è l’America (“Europe is not United States”)
• Raccontare l’America (“To tell America”)

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official website

Ernesto Nazareth
Ernesto Júlio de Nazareth
Background information
Genres	Classical
Occupations	Composer
Instruments	Piano

Ernesto Júlio de Nazareth (March 20, 1863 – February 5, 1934) was a Brazilian composer and pianist, especially noted for his creative Maxixe and Choro compositions. Influenced by African rhythms and many musical styles like the Lundu and the Choro,^[1] he never fully accepted this influence, refusing to give popular names to his compositions.^[2] A musician of classical training, what he did was to classify his music as "Brazilian tangos", since the Argentine tango and polka dances were considered fashionable at the time. His piano repertoire is part of the teaching programs of both classical and popular style even today, since Nazareth was a figure who served at the boundary between these two worlds.^[2]

Biography[link]

Ernesto Nazareth was born in Rio de Janeiro, one of five children. His mother, Carolina da Cunha gave him his first piano lessons. At the age of ten, after his mother's death, he continued his piano studies with Eduardo Moreira and Charles Lucien Lambert.

Strongly influenced by Chopin, Nazareth published his first composition Você Bem Sabe (1877), at age 14. At this time, he began his professional career playing in cafes, balls, society parties and in the waiting rooms of movie theaters. In 1893, Casa Vieira Machado published his famous tango Brejeiro.

In 1879, he wrote his first tango Cruz perigo. In 1880, at the age of 17, he made ​​his first public appearance at the Mozart Club. The following year, he composed the tango Não caio n'outra, his first great success, with several reprints. In 1885, he performed in concerts in different clubs of the court. In 1890, he had published a new tango entitled Atraente, which was very successful in Rio de Janeiro. In 1893, Casa Vieira Machado launched a new catalogue of his compositions, including the tango Brejeiro, which achieved national and even international success, in that the Republican Guard band of Paris began to include it in their repertoire, coming even to record it.^[1]

His first concert as a pianist took place in 1898. The following year he prepared the first edition of the tango Turuna. In 1905, he had his first work, Brejeiro, recorded by singer Mario Pinheiro with the title O sertanejo enamorado with lyrics by Catulu da Paixão Cearense. Meanwhile, the Casa Edson marching band recorded his tango Brushed, which became quite successful. In 1907 Ernesto Nazareth was appointed third book-keeper of the National Treasury, a position that he did not occupy for not mastering the English language.^[3] In 1908, he began working as a pianist at the Mozart Club.

The following year, he participated in a concert held at the National Institute of Music, playing the gavotte Corbeille de fleurs and the tango Batuque. Instead, he began to teach private piano lessons and was hired as a pianist for Casa Gomes in 1921 and the Odeon Cinema from 1920-1924.^[1] In São Paulo and Campinas he performed several shows in the Municipal Theater and at the Conservatory. He was given then a grand piano as a gift from his admirers. He was one of the first artists to play for the Society Radio of Rio de Janeiro. In 1932 he presented for the first time, a recital in which he performed only his compositions.

In 1933, after a period of mental instability, due to the deaths of his wife and daughter, diagnosed with syphilis and worsening hearing problems caused by a fall during childhood,^[1] Nazareth was hospitalized at the Juliano Moreira Asylum in Jacarepaguá. On February 5, 1934, Nazareth fled the asylum and was found alone three days later in the adjacent forest near a waterfall, dead by drowning.^[3]

Catalog of works[link]

Nazareth was noted for creatively combining diverse influences into his music, not only of Brazilian music but also from the music of Europe, Africa and ragtime. Many of his compositions remain part of the repertory today. He composed 88 tangos, 41 waltzes, 28 polkas and numerous sambas, galops, quadrilles, Schottisches, fox-trots, romances and other types of scores, totaling 211 complete compositions.

Media[link]

Ernesto Nazareth profile.

	Escovado "Escovado", composed (1905) and recorded (1930) by Ernesto Nazareth.
Problems listening to this file? See media help.

'Escovado' is a common slang which means 'smart'. Ary Vasconcelos tells us in his book Panorama da Musica Popular Brasileira that Nazareth was a "devoted family man who often gave the songs he composed titles in honor of his son, sometimes his wife, or another relative. Travesso was dedicated to his son Ernesto, Marieta and Eulina to his two daughters, Dora to his wife Theodora, Brejeiro to his nephew Gilbert, etc.^[4]

Escovado was first published by Casa Vieira Machado & Co. and dedicated to Fernando Nazareth, the composer's younger brother. It became one of Nazareth's greatest success, having the main theme been later tapped by the French composer Darius Milhaud in his Le Boeuf sur le Toit (1919).^[3] In September 1930, accepting an invitation made by Eduardo Souto, then artistic director of Odeon-Parlophone, Nazareth recorded this piece.^[4]

References[link]

Attribution

• This article is based on the translation of the corresponding article of the Portuguese Wikipedia. A list of contributors can be found there at the History section.

External links[link]

• Ernesto Nazareth 150 Anos - website containing original sheet music and arrangements, complete discography with more than 2000 recordings, hundreds of photos, timeline, documents, texts and blog (Portuguese)
• Free scores by Ernesto Nazareth at the International Music Score Library Project
• Free complete scores in PDF format
• Free recordings in MP3 format by various pianists at PianoSociety.com
• Beatriz Kauffmann's Web Site - Músicas de Ernesto Nazareth em arquivos MIDI (Portuguese)
• Rare Music of Ernesto Nazareth (music, text, images) (Portuguese)

Ernesto Calindri (5 February 1909 – 9 June 1999) was an Italian film actor. He appeared in 40 films between 1938 and 1989.

Selected filmography[link]

• The Children Are Watching Us (1944)
• A Night of Fame (1949)
• L'ultimo amante (1955)
• The Most Wonderful Moment (1957)
• Policarpo (1959)

External links[link]

• Ernesto Calindri at the Internet Movie Database

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