Hallgrímur Pétursson (1614– October 27, 1674) was one of Iceland's most famous poets and a minister at Hvalneskirkja and Saurbær in Hvalfjörður. The Hallgrímskirkja in Reykjavík and the Hallgrímskirkja in Saurbær are named after him. He was one of the most influential pastors during the Age of Orthodoxy (1580–1713). Because of his contributions to Lutheran hymnody, he is sometimes called the Icelandic Paul Gerhardt.

Biography[link]

The Hallgrímskirkja in Saurbær.

Hallgrímur Pétursson was born at Hólar, where his father was the bell-ringer and his uncle, the resident bishop. He ran away from home young and left Iceland with merchants. He was not heard from again until Brynjólfur Sveinsson, an Icelandic priest travelling through Glückstadt (now in Germany but then a part of Denmark), heard Hallgrímur curse his employer in Icelandic. Brynjólfur took pity on the boy and sponsored him to attend seminary in Denmark at the Church of Our Lady.

During his last year of study there, Pétursson was employed to reëducate a group of Icelanders who had been kidnapped by Barbary pirates and ransomed. Among them was a married woman, Guðríður Símonardóttir, sixteen years Pétursson's senior, whom he impregnated. He then left seminary and returned with the group to Iceland. After Guðríður discovered that her husband had died, she and Pétursson promptly married. He worked as a labourer for a number of years.

Seven years after Pétursson's return to Iceland, Brynjólfur Sveinsson, his former sponsor and then bishop at Skálholt, appointed Hallgrímur as minister at Hvalsnes. Some people were surprised that the ungraduated worker should be ordained, but Hallgrímur showed himself a skillful preacher. In 1651, he was reassigned to Saurbær in Hvalfjörður, a much sought-after position. He served there until his death in 1674 from leprosy.

Works[link]

Hallgrímur Pétursson's most notable work is Passion Hymns (Passíusálmar or, in full, "Historia pínunnar og dauðans Drottins vors Jesú Kristí, með hennar sérlegustu lærdóms-, áminningar- og huggunargreinum, ásamt bænum og þakkargjörðum, í sálmum og söngvísum með ýmsum tónum samsett og skrifuð anno 1659": "The history of the pain and death of our Lord, Jesus Christ, with its special learning, reminding, and consoling articles, with prayers and praises, in psalms and songs with misc. notes, compiled and written in the year 1659"), a collection of fifty hymns to be sung, one each working day, during the seven weeks of Lent. Each hymn has a title denoting which part of the Passion of Christ it refers to, and a reference to a melody for it to be sung to.

Other famous works include Aldarháttur, Rímur af Lykla-Pétri og Magellónu, Króka-Refs rímur, and a collection of cautionary children's rhymes.

See also[link]

Poetry portal

• Hallgrímskirkja

External links[link]

• The Icelandic National Radio's Web on the Passion Hymns (in Icelandic)
• Performances of The Passion-Hymns in English and Norse by choirs and soloists using Dall Wilson's English adaption.

Jón Leifs (1 May 1899 – 30 July 1968), was an Icelandic composer.

Jón was born in Sólheimar. He left Iceland in 1916 to study in Germany at the Leipzig Conservatory. He graduated in 1921 having studied piano, and then devoted his time to conducting and composing. He became successful as a conductor, and also as a writer.

He married pianist Annie Riethof. They had two daughters, Snót and Líf, and lived in Wernigerode and subsequently in Baden-Baden. Because his wife was Jewish, his family was harassed by the Nazis. In 1944 he moved to Sweden, and in 1945 he moved back to Iceland. After returning to Iceland he eventually divorced his wife. One of his daughters, Líf, drowned in a swimming accident off the coast of Sweden in 1947, aged only eighteen, and he wrote his string quartet Vita et Mors in her memory.

Most of his works are about Icelandic natural phenomena. In the piece Hekla he depicts the eruption of the volcano Hekla which he witnessed. Dettifoss (Op. 57) was inspired by the Dettifoss waterfall, the most powerful in Europe. In the Saga Symphony he musically portrays five characters of famous Icelandic sagas. His last work, Consolation, Intermezzo for string orchestra was written as he was dying. He died of lung cancer in Reykjavík in 1968.

Jón and his wife are the subjects of the film Tears of Stone / Tár úr steini (1995), directed by the Icelandic director Hilmar Oddsson.

Works[link]

Jón Leifs works include:

• Torrek - Intermezzo (piano piece)
• Trilogia piccola, Op. 1 (1922-24)
• Studies for solo violin, Op. 3
• Loftr-Suite, Op. 6a (1925)
• Organ Concerto, Op. 7 (1930)
• Variations on a Theme by Beethoven, Op. 8 (1930)
• Iceland Overture, Op. 9 (1926)
• Overture to 'Loftr, Op. 10 (1927)
• Icelandic Folk Dances, Op. 11 (1929-30)
• Iceland Cantata, Op. 13 (1930)
• Mors et Vita, Op. 21 (1st string quartet)(1939)
• Guðrúarkviða, Op. 22 (1940)
• Saga Symphony, Op. 26 (1941-42)
• Requiem, Op. 33b (1947)
• Baldr, Op.34 (1943-47), A Choreographic Drama in Two Acts
• Vita et Mors, Op. 36 (2nd string quartet)(1948-51)
• Réminiscence du nord, Op. 40 (1952)
• Landfall - Overture, Op. 41 (1955)
• Trois peintures abstraites, Op. 44 (Þrjú óhlutræn málverk)(1955)
• Spring Song (Vorvisa)", Op. 46 (1958)
• Jónas Hallgrímsson in memoriam, Op. 48 (1961)
• Geysir, Op. 51 (1961)
• Hekla, Op. 52 (1961) for orchestra and percussion
• Elegy, Op. 53 (1961)
• Viking's Answer (Vikingasvar), Op. 54 (1962), Intermezzo for wind ensemble, percussion, violas and double basses
• Fine I, Op. 55 (1963) (Farewell to earthly life)
• Fine II, Op. 56 (1963) (Farewell to earthly life)
• Dettifoss, Op. 57 (1964)
• Nótt (Night), Op. 59 (1964)
• Helga kviða Hundingsbana, Op.61 (1964)
• Grógaldr, Op. 62 (1965)
• Hafís (Drift Ice), Op. 63 (1965)
• El Greco, Op. 64 (3rd string quartet)(1965)
• Consolation, Intermezzo for string orchestra, Op. 66 (1968)

External links[link]

• Baldr