Asia (Roman province) The Roman province of Asia or Asiana (Greek: Ἀσία or Ἀσιανή), in Byzantine times called Phrygia, was an administrative unit added to the late Republic. It was a Senatorial province governed by a proconsul. The arrangement was unchanged in the reorganization of the Roman Empire in 211. Lycia et Pamphylia Lycia et Pamphylia was the name of a province of the Roman empire, located in southern Anatolia. It was created by the emperor Vespasianus (ruled AD 69- 79), who merged Lycia, which was organized as a province in AD 43 by Claudius, and Pamphylia, which was a part of the province of Galatia, into a single administrative unit.Under the administrative reforms of emperor Diocletian (ruled AD 284-305), Lycia et Pamphylia province was again split into its two constituent units, which belonged to the diocese of Asiana, part of the Prefecture of the East. Galatia (Roman province) Galatia was the name of a province of the Roman Empire in Anatolia (modern central Turkey). It was established by the first emperor, Augustus (sole rule 30 BC - 14 AD), in 25 BC, covering most of formerly independent Celtic Galatia, with its capital at Ancyra. Under the reforms of Diocletian, its northern and southern parts were split off to form the southern part of the province of Paphlagonia and the province of Lycaonia, respectively. In ca. 398, during the reign of Arcadius, it was divided in two provinces, Galatia Prima and Galatia Secunda or Salutaris. Galatia Prima covered the northeastern part of the old province, retaining Ancyra as its capital, and was headed by a consularis, while Salutaris comprised the southwestern half of the old province, and was headed by a praeses with seat at Pessinus. Both provinces were part of the Diocese of Pontus. The two provinces were briefly reunited in 536-548 under Justinian I. Although the area was eventually incorporated in the new thema of Anatolikon in the latter half of the 7th century, traces of the old provincial administration survived until the early 8th century. Roman Cyprus Roman Cyprus was a key spot for important political and religious functions. It was also a strategic base for trade in the Mediterranean. Consistently occupied throughout history, Cyprus has been home to several strong and competing powers such as the Assyrians, Egyptians, Macedonians, and in particular the Romans. Cyprus was annexed by the Romans in 58 B.C., but until 22 B.C. when Cyprus became an official senatorial province, control over the island fluctuated between the Romans and the Ptolemaic Empire (Karageorghis 177). Yet, from the Battle of Actium in 31 B.C. to the Byzantine Empire in the 4th century, Cyprus was controlled by the Romans. And in 293 AD, Cyprus officially became part of the Eastern Roman Empire. Under Roman rule, Cyprus was divided into four main districts, Salamis, Pafos, Amathous, and Lapethos. (Karageorghis 178) Pafos was the capital of the island throughout the Roman period until Salamis was re-founded as Constantia in 346 AD. The geographer Ptolemy recorded the following Roman cities: Pafos, Salamis, Amathous, Lapethos, Kition, Kourion, Arsinoe, Kyrenia, Chytri, Karpasia, Soli, and Tamassos, as well as some smaller cities scattered throughout the island. (Karageorghis 178) Detailed below is a chronological outline of Roman Cyprus, its political history, economy and trade, religion, social history, art and culture and the natural disasters that plagued Cyprus. Evidence of Roman control on Cyprus is based primarily on archaeological findings and epigraphy. There is sparse literary evidence and very infrequent texts of which to base our knowledge. In this site, we utilize the spelling convention of the Department of Antiquities Cyprus Cilicia (Roman province) Cilicia was an early Roman province, located on what is today the southern (Mediterranean) coast of Turkey. Cilicia was annexed to the Roman Empire in 64 BC by Pompey, as a consequence of his military presence in the east, after pursuing victory in the Third Mithridatic War. It was subdivided by Diocletian in around 297, and it remained under Roman, and subsequently Byzantine, rule for several centuries, until falling to the Islamic conquests. Cappadocia (Roman province) Cappadocia was a province of the Roman Empire in Anatolia (modern central-eastern Turkey), with its capital at Caesarea. It was established in 17 AD by the Emperor Tiberius (ruled 14-37 AD), following the death of Cappadocia's last king, Archelaus. Cappadocia was an imperial province, meaning that its governor (legatus Augusti) was directly appointed by the emperor. During the latter 1st century, the province also incorporated the regions of Pontus and Armenia Minor. Bithynia et Pontus Bithynia et Pontus was the name of a province of the Roman empire on the Black Sea coast of Anatolia (Turkey). It was formed by the amalgamation of the former kingdoms of Bithynia (annexed by Rome 74 BC) and Pontus (annexed 63 BC).

• published: 23 Jan 2014
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