The Hattians were an ancient Anatolian people who inhabited the land of Hatti in present-day central Anatolia, Turkey. The group was noted at least as early as the empire of Sargon of Akkad (ca. 2300 BC), until it was gradually absorbed ca. 2000–1700 BC by the Indo-European Hittites, who became identified with the "land of Hatti".

As the Hattians did not have a written language, scholars rely on indirect sources or statements by other peoples. Hattian leaders probably used scribes who wrote in Assyrian to conduct business with Assyria. From the 21st through to the mid 18th Centuries BC, Assyria established colonies in Hattia, such as at Kanesh. Scholars have long assumed that the predominant population of the region of Anatolia "in the third millennium [BC] was an indigenous pre-Indo-European group called the Hattians".

The oldest name for Anatolia, "Land of the Hatti" was found for the first time on Mesopotamian cuneiform tablets from the period of Sargon the Great of Akkad ca. 2350–2150 BC: on those tablets Assyrian-Akkadian traders implored the help of king Sargon. This appellation continued to exist for about 1500 years until 630 BC, as stated in Assyrian chronicles. According to later Hittite documents, Sargon the Great had fought with the Hatti king Nurdaggal of Burushanda, while his successor Naram-Sin of Akkad had battled Pamba, king of Hatti and 16 other confederates.