In the scholastic system of education of the Middle Ages, disputations (in Latin: disputationes, singular: disputatio) offered a formalized method of debate designed to uncover and establish truths in theology and in sciences. Fixed rules governed the process: they demanded dependence on traditional written authorities and the thorough understanding of each argument on each side.

A significant category of disputations took place between Christian and Jewish theologians as a form of both theological and philosophical debate and proselytization. Often, the Christian side was represented by a recent convert from Judaism. Christians believed that only the refusal of the Jews to accept Christ stood in the way of the Second Coming.^{[citation needed]} The only way for the Jewish side to 'win' was to force a draw by drawing the Christian side into a position in which it was necessary to deny the Old Testament to win, committing heresy.^{[citation needed]} According to Michael J. Cook, "Since 'winning' a debate could well jeopardize the security of the Jewish community at large, political considerations certainly entered into what Jewish disputants publicly said or refrained from saying. ... Official transcripts of these proceedings, moreover, may not duplicate what actually transpired; in some places what they record was not the live action, as it were, but Christian polemical revision composed after the fact."

Jesper Ericsson (born September 20, 1983) is a Swedish Bandy player who currently plays for Hammarby IF Bandy as a midfielder. Jesper was brought up by Örebro SK but left the club when Hammarby spotted him. Jesper has represented both the Swedish national bandy team and the 'young' Swedish side.

Before the 2008 season, Jesper signed for Russian team Uralsky Trubnik on loan. After Uralskys financial problems in winter of 2008, he together with teamfellows Robin Sundin and Kalle Spjuth, returned to their former club Hammarby. He will stay in Hammarby and fight for the gold medal in 2009-2010 as well.

Jesper has played for three clubs. His list of clubs are as follows-

Pablo Christiani (or Paul Christian), a figure of the thirteenth century, was born to a pious Jewish family, with the name Saul. He became a Christian convert and Dominican friar.

He was believed to have been a student of Rabbi Eliezer of Tarascon. He married a Jewish woman and had children with her. Later, he converted to Christianity and took his children from his wife and made them Christians. He then joined the Dominican Order. Prior to the 1263 Disputation of Barcelona, he was known for following Nicholas Donin's lead in attempting to ban the Talmud. His arguments centered on the "irrational" material within the text. His participation in the Disputation of Barcelona with Nahmanides was to try his new missionary technique to bring Jews to Christianity.

The failure in the Disputation did not, however, discourage Christiani. Provided through the agency of Raymond de Penyafort with letters of protection from King James I of Aragon, he went on missionary journeys, compelling the Jews everywhere to listen to his speeches and to answer his questions, either in their synagogues or wherever else he pleased. They were even required to defray the expenses of his mission.

Margot Käßmann (German pronunciation: [ˈmaʁɡɔt ˈkɛːsman]; born 3 June 1958) is a Lutheran theologian and was Landesbischöfin (bishop) of the Evangelical-Lutheran Church of Hanover in Germany. On 28 October 2009, she was elected to lead the Evangelical Church in Germany, a federation of Protestant church bodies in Germany. an office from which she stepped down on 24 February 2010 following a drunk-driving incident.

Käßmann was born Margot Schulze in Marburg. She passed her Abitur at the Elisabethschule Marburg in 1977 and studied Protestant theology at the universities of Tübingen, Edinburgh, Göttingen and Marburg. During her studies, she participated among other things in archaeological excavations in 1978 of several weeks' duration in Akko, Israel. In 1983 she became a "Vikarin" (German for curate) in Wolfhagen, near Kassel. She also attended the Hotchkiss School on a scholarship by ASSIST.

She participated as a youth delegate in the 1983 plenary assembly of the World Council of Churches (WCC) in Vancouver, where she became the youngest member of the central committee. Between 1991 and 1998, she was a member of the executive committee of the WCC.