The originally Persian title of dewan (also quite commonly known as Diwan; also spelled -van) has, at various points in Islamic history, designated various differing though similar functions.

Etymology[link]

The word is Persian in origin, and was loaned into Arabic. The original meaning was "bundle (of written sheets)", hence "book", especially "book of accounts," and hence "office of accounts," "custom house," "council chamber". The meaning divan "long, cushioned seat" is due to such seats having been found along the walls in Middle Eastern council chambers.

Council[link]

The word first appears under the Caliphate of Omar I (A.D. 634–644). As the Caliphate state became more complicated, the term was extended over all the government bureaus.

The divan of the Sublime Porte was the council or Cabinet of the state. In the Ottoman Empire, it consisted of the usually (except in the Sultan's presence) presiding Grand Vizier and other viziers, and occasionally the Janissary Ağa.

In 19th Century Romania the Ad hoc Divan was a body which played a role in the country's development towards independence from Ottoman rule.

In Javanese and related languages, the cognate Dewan is the standard word for council, as in the Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat or (Indonesia's Council of People's Representatives) and Dewan Negara (Senate of Malaysia).

Title[link]

During the effective rule of the Mughal empire, the dewan served as the chief revenue officer of a province.

Later, when most vassal states gained various degrees of self-determination, the finance — and/or chief minister and leader of many princely states (especially Muslim, but also many Hindu, including Baroda, Hyderabad, kot Fateh khan state, Mysore, Kochi, Travancore — referred as Dalawa until 1811) became known as a dewan.

Exceptionally, a ruler was himself titled Dewan or Nawab notably

• in Jaso (Jassu) and in Bandhora (which was split from it circa 1750)
• in Khilchipur till 1873, then Rai Bahadur
• in Attock, where Gheba Khan, having married the foster sister of Mughal Emperor Akbar and was granted the hereditary title of Diwan in 1551 for his services in command of the force that took Attock from the Afghans, till the dynasty was promoted in 1910 to the rank of Nawab, with the full style Zubdat ul-Mulk Diwan Mahakhan, Sardar ul-Mulk and latter Nawab of kot
• in Junagadh, where Shah Nawaz Bhutto was the prime-minister of the former princley state.

Nowadays, the title is used amongst certain upper-middle-class families in the South Asia; several landlords in villages and provinces across the subcontinent have names prefixed with this title. The title, in its variant form "Dewan", is especially common amongst Muslim land-owners in Bengal and the Punjab.

Derived and compound titles[link]

Diwan Deo was the hereditary title borne by the Chief Minister of Cooch, held by a junior branch of the ruling Narayan dynasty

In India[link]

As a title used in various Middle kingdoms of India, Diwan denoted the highest officials in the court after the king; the suffix '-ji' is added as a mark of respect in India.

Abstract use[link]

The term Diwani is sometimes used to refer to British sovereignty or suzerainty over India, either just before or during the British Raj.

French India[link]

In French India, one of its colonies, Yanaon, had Zamindar and Diwan. They were active in its local and municipal administration during French rule. The Zamindar of Yanam was given a 4 gun salute by French counterparts.

• Zamindar — Manion Canacaya
• Diwan — Bouloussou Soubramaniam Sastroulou
• Sovereignty — French Colonial Empire

Sources and references[link]

(incomplete)

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 
• RoyalArk- see each princely state mentioned above
• WorldStatesmen- India

See Also[link]

• Diwan

This article's lead section may not adequately summarize its contents. Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of the article's key points. (January 2010)

Jenna Dewan
Dewan at the 71st Annual Peabody Awards Luncheon 2012
Born	Jenna Lee Dewan (1980-12-03) December 3, 1980 (age 31) Hartford, Connecticut, U.S.
Occupation	Actress, model, dancer
Years active	2002–present
Height	5'3" (1.60 m)
Spouse	Channing Tatum (m. 2009–present)
Website
http://www.jennadewanunwrapped.com

Jenna Lee Dewan-Tatum (born December 3, 1980), better known by her birth name Jenna Dewan, is an American actress, dancer, and former model. She has worked in films like Step Up and American Virgin. Jenna is married to film actor Channing Tatum and is also co-founder of "33andOut Productions" and "Iron Horse Entertainment".

Early life[link]

Dewan was born in Hartford, Connecticut, the daughter of Nancy Lee (née Bursch) and Darryll Dewan, who was a running back on the 1972 Notre Dame Football team.^[1] Dewan is of half Lebanese ancestry.^[2] Her parents divorced when Dewan was young and her mother remarried, to Claude Brooks Smith. During high school at Grapevine High School in Grapevine, Texas, Jenna was a varsity cheerleader and won many dance competition awards. She graduated in 1999 and was voted prom queen her senior year. She went to USC and was a member of the California Gamma Chapter of Pi Beta Phi (ΠΒΦ).

Dance career[link]

Prior to starring in film, she was a dancer working for various famous performers such as Clinton Troupe, 'N Sync, Sean Combs, Toni Braxton, Celine Dion, Pink, Missy Elliott, Ricky Martin, Billy Crawford, and tour with Janet Jackson on her All for You Tour and appeared in music videos accompanying the album All For You. Jenna also featured in Christina Aguilera's music video for the single "Not Myself Tonight

Acting career[link]

Dewan at the 2011 Toronto International Film Festival

Jenna has had small roles in films such as The Hot Chick, The Grudge 2, Dark Shadows, Waterborne as well as guest appearances in television series such as Quintuplets, The Young and The Restless and Joey.

She starred in the independent 2005 horror film Tamara from the producers of Final Destination. The film failed to have box office success only earning worldwide a total of $206,871. The film was released to negative reviews with a rating of 38% on Rotten Tomatoes.

In 2006, she appeared in her most known role to date as Nora Clark in Step Up. A box office success, it earned a total of $119,193,847 worldwide but received mixed to negative reviews. She appeared in another Dance film Take The Lead as Sasha in a supporting role. The film received extremely negative reviews, but still managed to rank third at the box office.

In 2008, she appeared as the lead role of Amber in the Straight to DVD Romance/Action film Love Lies Bleeding. She appeared as Emma Carr in the Lifetime Made For Television movie Fab Five: The Texas Cheerleader Scandal, which premiered August 2, 2008.

In 2009 she appeared in Falling Awake and Magdalena. She starred alongside Rob Schneider in the comedy film American Virgin, which follows a night of debauchery threatening a sexually abstinent student's college standing. She then appeared in The Six Wives of Henry Lefay alongside Elisha Cuthbert. In January 2010 she also appeared in The Jerk Theory with her Step Up co-star Josh Henderson.

She also signed on to play the character of Kendra Wilson in a two-episode arc in the 2009 Melrose Place reboot on The CW.

Along with friends Reid Carolin, Adam Martingano, Brett Rodriguez^[3] and husband Channing Tatum, Dewan started a production company called 33andOut Productions.^[4] Their first production is a documentary called Earth Made of Glass that follows the Rwandan President Paul Kagame and genocide survivor Jean-Pierre Sagahutu. The film was selected to premiere at the 2010 Tribeca Film Festival.^[5]

Personal life[link]

Dewan with husband Channing Tatum in February 2010

In 2006, Dewan met Channing Tatum on the set of Step Up. They began dating shortly after filming had finished.^[6] The couple got engaged in early September 2008 in Maui, Hawaii.^[7] On July 11, 2009, they were married on the grounds of Church Estates Vineyards in Malibu, California.^[8]

Filmography[link]

Television Movies[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Jenna Dewan

• Jenna Dewan at the Internet Movie Database
• Official website
• Jenna Dewan on Twitter
• Jenna Dewan on Facebook
• "Talking Tamara with Jenna Dewan" at UGO.com

Channing Tatum
Channing Tatum at the 71st Annual Peabody Awards Luncheon 2012.
Born	Channing Matthew Tatum (1980-04-26) April 26, 1980 (age 32) Cullman, Alabama, U.S.
Occupation	Actor, film producer, dancer, model
Years active	2000–present
Spouse	Jenna Dewan (2009–present)
Website
Channing Tatum Unwrapped

Channing Matthew Tatum (born April 26, 1980) is an American actor, film producer, dancer, and former model, best known for his roles in Step Up (2006), G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra (2009), Dear John (2010), The Vow (2012), and 21 Jump Street (2012). He has also appeared in films such as Coach Carter (2005), She's the Man (2006), A Guide to Recognizing Your Saints (2006), and Fighting (2009). While mostly known for his dramatic performances in Dear John and The Vow, he has since ventured into more comedic roles.

Early life[link]

Tatum was born and raised in Cullman, Alabama. His mother, Kay (née Faust), is an airline worker, and his father, Glenn Tatum, worked in construction.^[1][2][3] His ancestry includes Irish, French and Native American.^[4][5][6] Tatum's family moved to Mississippi when he was six, and he grew up in the bayous near the Mississippi River, where he lived in a rural setting.^[4][7]

Tatum was athletic while growing up, playing football, soccer, track, baseball, and performing martial arts; he has said that "girls were always [his] biggest distraction in school."^[4] As a child, he practiced wuzuquan kung fu^[8] under the lineage of 10th dan Grandmaster Chee Kim Thong.^[9] Tatum spent most of his teenage years in the Tampa, Florida area and initially attended Gaither High School before going to Tampa Catholic High School.^[10] He graduated in 1998 and was voted most athletic. Afterward, Tatum attended Glenville State College in Glenville, West Virginia on a football scholarship, but dropped out.^[11] He returned home and started working odd jobs. US Weekly reported that around this time Tatum began working as a stripper at a local nightclub, under the name "Chan Crawford."^[12] In 2010, he told an Australian newspaper that he would like to make a movie about his experiences as a stripper.^[13] He later moved to Miami, where he was discovered on the street by a model talent scout.^[14]

Career[link]

Early work[link]

In 2000, Tatum was first cast as a dancer in Miguel Royeca's workout movie. Ricky Martin's "She Bangs" music video,^[1] after an audition in Orlando, Florida; he was paid $400 for the job. His experience in the fashion industry began as a model working for such noted clients such as Armani and Abercrombie & Fitch. He soon moved into television commercials, landing national spots for Mountain Dew and Pepsi in 2002.^[14] He subsequently signed with a modelling agency in Miami, Page 305 (Page Parkes Modeling Agency), but later found success after being cast by Al David for Vogue magazine and soon after appeared in campaigns for Abercrombie & Fitch, Nautica, Dolce & Gabbana, American Eagle Outfitters, and Emporio Armani. He was picked as one of Tear Sheet magazine's "50 Most Beautiful Faces" of October 2001.^[4] Tatum also signed with Beatrice Model agency in Milan, Italy and Ford Models in New York City.

Tatum has said that his modeling career has helped him with his life, specifying that "It's made my life, and my family's life, a lot easier, because I never knew what I wanted to do and now they don't really have to worry about me anymore. I've been able to explore life, and through exploring it I've found that I love art, I love writing, I love acting, I love all the things that make sense to me. And I've been given the chance to go out and see the world, and to see all the things out there. Not everyone gets that chance".^[4]

2008–present[link]

Tatum (right) with Jonah Hill at the 2012 WonderCon convention in March 2012

In 2008, Tatum co-starred in director Kimberly Peirce's film Stop-Loss, about soldiers returning home from the Iraq War, and in director Stuart Townsend's film Battle in Seattle, about the 1999 protest of the World Trade Organization meeting in Seattle. Tatum played in the indie film The Trap, which was directed by Rita Wilson. He was chosen for a role in the film Poor Things, starring Lindsay Lohan, Shirley MacLaine, Rosario Dawson, and Olympia Dukakis, but had to turn it down because of scheduling conflicts.

Tatum and Dito Montiel, who worked together on A Guide to Recognizing Your Saints, reteamed on the action drama Fighting for Rogue Pictures. Tatum starred as Sean McArthur, a young man who scrapes up a living scalping tickets in New York City. Tatum next appeared in writer/director/producer Michael Mann's 2009 crime drama Public Enemies, playing the 1930s American gangster Pretty Boy Floyd. The same year, Tatum starred as Duke in G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra, Paramount Pictures' live-action film based on the popular Hasbro action figures. He was initially reluctant to take the role as he feared the movie would glorify war. However, he overcame his reluctance when he read the script.^[15] He also played a soldier in Dear John, a Screen Gems film based on a popular Nicholas Sparks bestseller. He later told he accepted the role to learn from Lasse Hallström because he did not go to acting school, his only way to improve is on set.^[16]

Tatum and Dito Montiel will join forces again when Channing stars in 2010's action thriller The Brotherhood of the Rose. Montiel will both write and direct the film. The story is a cat-and-mouse espionage tale about two orphans raised by a top CIA agent to become assassins. When their operations go awry, they find themselves on the run, caught in a conspiracy and hunted by the most dangerous spies in the world. The book was previously adapted as a two-part NBC miniseries in 1989 that starred David Morse, Peter Strauss, Connie Sellecca, and Robert Mitchum.

Jenna Dewan, Deborah Scranton, Rwandan President Paul Kagame, documentary subject Jean Pierre Sagahutu, producer Reid Carolin and executive producer Tatum attend the premiere of Earth Made of Glass.

In an interview with Details magazine, Tatum said he wants to produce all the films he stars in, "I really don't want to be in any more movies that I don't produce. Unless it's with one of the 10 directors that I really want to work with, I don't have any interest in not being on the ground floor of creating it."^[17] He, his wife Jenna Dewan, and their production partner Reid Carolin signed a two-year production deal in 2010 with Relativity Media for any movies they may develop during that time.^[18] Along with friends Reid Carolin, Adam Martingano, Brett Rodriguez,^[19] and wife Jenna Dewan, Tatum has started production companies called 33andOut Productions^[20] and Iron Horse Entertainment.^[21] Their first production is a documentary called Earth Made of Glass that follows the Rwandan President Paul Kagame and genocide survivor Jean-Pierre Sagahutu. The film was selected to premiere at the 2010 Tribeca Film Festival.

In 2012, Tatum hosted Saturday Night Live^[22] and appears in four films. He co-stars in Steven Soderbergh's Haywire, The Vow with Rachel McAdams, and 21 Jump Street (the film adaptation of TV series of the same name) with Jonah Hill.^[23] He will also star in Magic Mike, a project he talked about back in 2010. In late April of 2011, Tatum's film about his 8-month experience as a male stripper in Florida began to take shape with Steven Soderbergh at the direction.^[24] Co-produced by him and Soderbergh, the film will star Tatum himself as Mike Martingano, one of the central performers at a Tampa, Florida male strip club who takes a younger dancer (Alex Pettyfer) under his wing in hopes of showing him how to hustle "on and off stage."^[24] The film's cast also include Matt Bomer, Joe Manganiello and Matthew McConaughey. According to the movie website Deadline, Magic Mike is "a story of friendship set in the world of male strippers."^[24]

Upcoming projects[link]

Originally scheduled for a release on June 29, 2012, G.I. Joe: Retaliation, sequel to 2009's G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra, was pushed back to March 2013 in order to convert it in 3D. Tatum will reprise his role as Duke in an ensemble cast that includes Dwayne Johnson and Bruce Willis.

He is also in preproduction for Foxcatcher with Steve Carell about the story of John du Pont, who suffered from paranoid schizophrenia and killed Olympic wrestler Dave Schultz.^[25] He will be in Steven Soderbergh's The Side Effects with Rooney Mara and Jude Law, a film about a woman who turns to prescription medication as a way of handling her anxiety concerning her husband's upcoming release from prison, set for release in 2013.^[26] Tatum is currently attached to the movie Peter Pan Begin.^[27]

Personal life[link]

In 2006, Tatum met actress Jenna Dewan on the set of Step Up. They began dating shortly after filming had finished.^[28] The couple became engaged in early September 2008 in Maui, Hawaii.^[2] On July 11, 2009, they were married on the grounds of Church Estates Vineyards, in Malibu, California.^[29] In an interview on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno he revealed that he is dyslexic.

Filmography[link]

Tatum at the 2012 WonderCon in March 2012.

Other appearances[link]

• Hosted Saturday Night Live on February 4, 2012

Awards and nominations[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Channing Tatum

• Official website
• Channing Tatum on Twitter
• Channing Tatum on Facebook
• Channing Tatum at the Internet Movie Database
• Channing Tatum at People.com

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The Dogs were a 1990s hip hop group consisting of Disco Rick, Keith Bell, Labrant Dennis and Fergus "Cracked Up" Smith, best known for "Crack Rock," their hit single with the chant "Yo' Mama's on Crack Rock!" The group released three studio albums The Dogs in 1990, Beware of The Dogs in 1991 and K-9 Bass in 1992.

Labrant Dennis was arrested in May 1996 for the double murder of Marlin Barnes, a University of Miami football player, and Timwaneka Lumpkin, his exgirlfriend.

Discography[link]

External links[link]

• Birchmeier, Jason "The Dogs Biography", Allmusic, Macrovision Corporation

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