Buynaksk (Russian: Буйна́кск) is a town in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia, located at the foothills of the Greater Caucasus on the Shura-Ozen River, 40 kilometers (25 mi) southwest of the republic's capital Makhachkala. Population: 65,735 (2010 Census preliminary results); 61,437 (2002 Census); 56,783 (1989 Census); 40,000 (1970).

Buynaksk was founded in 1834 as a fortified outpost Temir-Khan-Shura (Темир-Хан-Шура) near the ruins of medieval Balanjar.^{[citation needed]} It was granted town status in 1866.^{[citation needed]} In 1920, it was the center of the ephemeral Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus. On November 13, 1920, the government of the Russian SFSR declared Dagestan's autonomy during the congress of the Dagestani people, which took place in Temir-Khan-Shura. In 1922, the town was renamed Buynaksk in honor of a revolutionary Ullubiy Buynaksky. In May 1970, Buynaksk was badly damaged by an earthquake.

In 1999, a car bomb outside an apartment building housing the families of military officers killed sixty-four people.