The State Tretyakov Gallery (Russian: Государственная Третьяковская Галерея, Gosudarstvennaâ Tret´âkovskaâ Galereâ; abbreviated Russian: ГТГ, GTG) is an art gallery in Moscow, Russia, the foremost depository of Russian fine art in the world.

The gallery's history starts in 1856 when the Moscow merchant Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov acquired works by Russian artists of his day with the aim of creating a collection, which might later grow into a museum of national art. In 1892, Tretyakov presented his already famous collection of approximately 2,000 works (1,362 paintings, 526 drawings, and 9 sculptures) to the Russian nation.

The façade of the gallery building was designed by the painter Viktor Vasnetsov in a peculiar Russian fairy-tale style. It was built in 1902–04 to the south from the Moscow Kremlin. During the 20th century, the gallery expanded to several neighboring buildings, including the 17th-century church of St. Nicholas in Tolmachi.

The collection contains more than 130,000 exhibits, ranging from Theotokos of Vladimir and Andrei Rublev's Trinity to the monumental Composition VII by Wassily Kandinsky and the Black Square by Kazimir Malevich.

Irene Caesar (Ирина Цезарь) (born 10 September 1963) is a Russian -American conceptual artist and philosopher. She became a professional artist in 1988, and came to prominence in Russia in the early 1990s, with articles about her in major Russian newspapers of that time. Caesar produced a series of performances documented in photographs in the style of absurdism, close to the theatre of the absurd of Samuel Beckett and Eugene Ionesco. They were staged as role-games, which expressed some concepts in a symbolic way by making participants interact with some object or prop, with themselves, or between each other in some absurd situations. These performances were staged not as static tableaux vivants, since they were characterized by a high degree of dynamism and interaction between Caesar and the participants. As a way of questioning modern art, Caesar created a series of photographic portraits of some well-known critics, film directors, and artists, including Arthur Danto, Vitaly Komar, Alexander Melamid, Slava Tsukerman, Vadim Perelman, which she produced as absurd role-games. Caesar participated in the dissident movement in Russia, was invited by Marina Salye to make a speech at the Founding Conference of the Free Democratic Party of Russia during the 1991 Putsch, and produced the series of portraits of important dissidents, including portraits of Elena Bonner, Alexander Esenin-Volpin, Pavel Litvinov, and others, which showed these nonconformists in some nonconformist controversial situations. Critics emphasized that the uniqueness of Caesar’s creativity consists in the fact that, for the first time in the history of art, a woman – from a woman’s point of view -- gives an assessment of such a wide scope of human ideas via her art.