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- Published: 28 Aug 2008
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- Author: gerryyen
An epinephrine autoinjector is a medical device used to deliver a measured dose (or doses) of epinephrine (also known as adrenaline) using autoinjector technology, most frequently for the treatment of acute allergic reactions to avoid or treat the onset of anaphylactic shock.
Trade names for this device include EpiPen, Twinject, Adrenaclick, Anapen, and Jext. The EpiPen was originally derived from the ComboPen, a product developed for the military for treating exposure to nerve agents.
Epinephrine autoinjectors contain a pre-determined dose of epinephrine, usually between 0.3 mg and 0.5 mg of active ingredient at a concentration of 1:1000. Manufacturers have also made pediatric dosed versions available at 0.15 mg of active ingredient, and there is also a version which contains two individual doses (in case a repeated application is required) sold under the trade name Twinject.
In most countries, epinephrine is a prescription drug, and therefore obtaining the device requires a prescription from a doctor. However, in some jurisdictions, for instance Canada, epinephrine autoinjectors are an over-the-counter drug and may be purchased from a pharmacy counter.
On May 8, 1998, a voluntary Class I recall took place in a number of countries (the United States, Germany, Israel, Denmark, Canada, Turkey, Australia, Greece and South Africa). Epipen (0.3 mg) and Epipen Jr. (0.15 mg) epinephrine auto-injectors were recalled because certain devices originating from specific production lots were found to be ineffective in delivering medication and treating anaphylaxis. This issue was resolved within the same year.
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