A turban is a kind of headwear based on a cloth winding; there are many different variations. Turbans are usually worn as customary headwear, usually by men, in many communities in India, Afghanistan, the Middle East, in some areas of North Africa, in eastern Africa (especially in Kenya), South Asia, and some parts of Jamaica. Turbans worn in Pakistan and India, are known as Pagri.

For Sikhs, a religious group originally from from Punjab in India, wearing the turban, which they refer to as Dastar, is an important religious observance. In Kenya, turbans are religious wear worn by the Akurinu, a Christian denomination. The official name of the denomination is The Kenya Foundation Of The Prophets Church or else Holy Ghost Church. Both men and women wear white turbans; children wear tunics.

Turbans have been worn for thousands of years. A style of turban called a phakeolis was worn by soldiers of the Byzantine Army.

Contemporary turbans come in many shapes, sizes, and colours.

Kurdish people wear a turban which they call a Jamadani. The Jamadani is worn in many different ways across Kurdistan depending on the style of the locality e.g. the Barzani Kurds are a tribe which wear the turban in a colour (red and white) and style which is typical of their clan. Mostly Kurdish turban consists of a length of striped cloth known as kolāḡī wound around a conical hat; the tassels that border the kolāḡī are allowed to hang down over the face.