California's 9th congressional district

Coordinates: 38°00′N 121°18′W / 38.0°N 121.3°W / 38.0; -121.3

California's 9th congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of California.

Jerry McNerney, a Democrat, has represented the district since January 2013.

Currently, the 9th district is centered on Stockton. It consists of portions of Contra Costa, Sacramento, and San Joaquin counties. Cities in the district include Antioch, Galt, Oakley, Lathrop, Lodi, and Stockton.

Prior to redistricting by the California Citizens Redistricting Commission of 2011, the 9th district encompassed most of the East Bay of the San Francisco Bay Area. Cities in the district included Oakland, Piedmont and Berkeley. Much of that area is now the 13th district, while the current 9th is largely the successor to the former 11th district.

Competitiveness

John Kerry won the district in 2004 with 85.9% of the vote. Barack Obama swept the district in 2008 with 88.13% of the vote while John McCain received 9.87% of the vote, making it Obama's best and McCain's worst performance in California.

Carbonic anhydrase 9

Carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9/CAIX) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CA9 gene.

Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a large family of zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. They participate in a variety of biological processes, including respiration, calcification, acid-base balance, bone resorption, and the formation of aqueous humor, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, and gastric acid. They show extensive diversity in tissue distribution and in their subcellular localization. CAIX is a transmembrane protein and is a tumor-associated carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme. It is over-expressed in VHL mutated clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and hypoxic solid tumors, but is low-expressed in normal kidney and most other normal tissues. It may be involved in cell proliferation and transformation. This gene is mapped to 9p13-p12.

CAIX has been licensed by the Dendreon Corporation. It is under development as a target for Autologous Cellular Immunotherapy. Product candidates targeted at CA9 are in preclinical development for the treatment of kidney, colon, and cervical cancer.