Russo is an Italian surname meaning red-haired. Another variant is Rossi (Central and Northern Italy). It is derived from the nickname "rosso", meaning red, whereas "russo" also means "Russian" or relating to Russia or Russians.

• Aaron Russo, libertarian entertainment businessman
• Alecu Russo
• Alexander Russo
• Ana Bedran-Russo
• Anthony Russo, including:
  • Anthony Russo (American football), American football wide receiver
  • Anthony Russo (director), Emmy Award-winning film and television director
  • Anthony Russo (mobster) (1916–1979), Genovese crime family figure
  • Anthony Russo (mayor), the 35th mayor of Hoboken, New Jersey
  • Anthony Russo (whistleblower) (1936–2008), involved in the Pentagon Papers leak
• Carmen Russo
• Christopher "Mad Dog" Russo, American sports radio host
• Clemente Russo, Italian Boxer
• Dario Russo, Canadian/Italian footballer
• David C. Russo
• Deanna Russo
• Eddie Russo
• Erminia Russo, Canadian volleyball player
• Ferdinando Russo
• Gianni Russo
• Gina Russo
• Giuseppe Genco Russo
• Jack Russo
• James Russo
• Jason Russo
• Joe Russo, including:
  • Joe Russo (director), an Emmy Award-winning film and television director
  • Joe Russo (driver) (1901–1934), an American racecar driver active in the 1930s
  • Joe Russo (musician) (b. 1976), a jazz/rock and roll drummer
• John A. Russo
• Kevin Russo
• Margaret Russo (1931–2006), All-American Girls Professional Baseball League player
• Marisabina Russo
• Marcella Russo
• Marius Russo
• Michael Dello-Russo
• Miguel Ángel Russo
• Monette Russo
• Pat Russo
• Patricia Russo
• Patti Russo
• Paul Russo
• Renato Russo
• Rene Russo, actress
• Richard Russo, American novelist
• Richard Paul Russo, science fiction writer
• Rosa Russo Iervolino
• Tal Russo, Israeli general
• Vince Russo
• Vito Russo
• William Russo (musician)

Fictional Characters:

• Alex Russo,Jerry and Teresa Russo's second child in Wizards of Waverly Place
• Justin Russo,Jerry and Teresa Russo's first child in Wizards of Waverly Place
• Max Russo,Jerry and Teresa Russo's third and last child in Wizards of Waverly Place

Places:

• Russo, Switzerland

See also[link]

• Rossi (surname)
• Rosso (surname)

This page or section lists people with the surname Russo. If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name(s) to the link.

Aaron Russo
Russo promoting his film America: Freedom to Fascism
Born	February 14, 1943 Brooklyn, New York, U.S.
Died	August 24, 2007(2007-08-24) (aged 64) Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Known for	Music Manager, Film producer, libertarian politician and activist
Religion	Judaism[citation needed]

Aaron Russo (February 14, 1943 - August 24, 2007) was an American entertainment businessman, film producer and director, and political activist. He was best known for producing such movies as Trading Places, Wise Guys, and The Rose. Later in life, he created various Libertarian-leaning political documentaries including Mad as Hell and America: Freedom to Fascism. After a six-year battle with bladder cancer, Russo died on August 24, 2007.

Early life[link]

Aaron Russo was born in Brooklyn, New York, in 1943. Growing up on Long Island, Russo worked for his family's undergarment business.

Entertainment career[link]

In April 1968, Russo opened the nightclub Kinetic Playground in Chicago, Illinois, originally naming it the Electric Theater. He booked numerous prominent rock groups and musicians at the club such as The Grateful Dead, Iron Butterfly, Jefferson Airplane, Janis Joplin, Led Zeppelin, Rotary Connection, and The Who.

In addition to owning his own nightclub, Russo managed several musical acts throughout the 1970s including The Manhattan Transfer and Bette Midler.^[1]

Russo then moved into producing and directing movies, six of them receiving Academy Award nominations and two receiving Golden Globe Award nominations.^[2] His final film would be America: Freedom to Fascism, a political documentary critical of the Internal Revenue Service and the Federal Reserve System and warning about the coming of the New World Order.

Political career[link]

Russo became involved in political issues in the early-1990s when he produced and starred in the documentary entitled Mad As Hell in which he criticized the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the federal government's War on Drugs, the concept of a National Identity Card, and government regulation of alternative medicine.^{[citation needed]}

In 1998, Russo took his political interests to a higher level, running for governor of the state of Nevada as a Republican. Placing second in the Republican primary with 26% of the vote to candidate Kenny Guinn, Russo later endorsed the Democratic nominee, then-Las Vegas mayor Jan Laverty Jones, who would eventually lose to Republican nominee Kenny Guinn.^{[citation needed]} Russo was planning to run again for Nevada governor in 2002 as either an independent or Libertarian but was sidelined by cancer.

In January 2004, Russo declared his candidacy for the President of the United States initially as an independent but then as a Libertarian. At the Libertarian National Convention in May 2004, Russo received 258 votes to Michael Badnarik's 256 votes and Gary Nolan's 246 votes, short of the majority required to receive the presidential nomination. Russo would eventually lose the nomination on the convention's third and final ballot to Badnarik by a vote of 423-344.

On January 14, 2007, Russo announced his full support for US Congressman Ron Paul's candidacy for the 2008 Republican presidential nomination.^[3]

Later in 2007, Russo created the political grassroots organization, Restore the Republic (restoretherepublic.com), to fulfill the political ambitions laid out in his final movie documentary, America: Freedom to Fascism. Regarding the organization, Russo said his goal was to "try and get the word out to the public about what's happening to America -- and give them an opportunity to try to change things".

Death[link]

On August 24, 2007, Russo died at the age of 64 of bladder cancer at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, California.^[4]

References[link]

External links[link]

• America: Freedom to Fascism, Russo's last film
• Visit Aaron Russo' Virtual Memorial
• Aaron Russo at the Internet Movie Database

Avraam Russo (Russian: Авраам Руссо; born July 21, 1969 in Aleppo, Syria) is a Russian-Armenian pop singer. In 2006 he suffered an assassination attempt in Russia and was heavily injured. He recovered and is living in New York City.

Russo is an international artist who has recorded songs in a number of languages. He shot to fame with "Daleko Daleko" a Russian cover of a big Arabic language hit, Tamally Ma'ak by Amr Diab. He has four platinum albums recorded in Russia Amor (2001), Tonight (2002), Prosto Lyubit' (2003) and Obruchalnaya (2006) with songs in Russian and English. Amor, a #1 smash in Russia and throughout Eastern Europe. He has sold millions of album copies worldwide. His most recent album is an all-English spiritual album Resurrection (2010) recorded in the United States where he resides with his wife Morela and daughter Emanuela.

Early years[link]

Born in the Syrian city of Aleppo to an Armenian family with three brothers. His father was from the city of Ayntab (nowadays Gaziantep) in Cilicia, (Çukurova in modern-day Turkey).

Avraam lost his father at an early age and his mother had to serve other households for the survival of the family. His singing talent was discovered while he was performing Armenian liturgical songs during his monastic studies in Aleppo. After leaving the studies, he was quickly involved in several amateur bands, making part-time appearances in Arab venues and outdoor restaurants (such as "Ramaya", "Aleppo Family Swimming Pool", "Somar", Orouba Club, etc.) and in hotels like "Al Amir" in Aleppo.^[1]

In 1993 he went to Cyprus and worked in night clubs for two years earning meagre salaries. But his presence in Cyprus proved important for his future career, as he got the attention of a Russian Azerbaijan-Jewish tycoon Telman Ismailov (originally from Baku, Azerbaijan SSR and now Vice President of the Euro-Asian Jewish Congress) who, during one of his business trips to Cyprus, attended Avraam's performance and liked his work very much. Being owner of big retail businesses and entertainment outlets including "Prague Restaurant" and a well connected entrepreneur, he invited Avraam to take part in multilingual performances in Russia taking the Russian name Avraam Russo.

Russian career[link]

Avraam's first trip to Moscow in 1995 landed him fame in a relatively short time. With the help of a girlfriend, he quickly learned the Russian language and prepared a repertoire in many languages, exactly the way he used to do in Syria and Cyprus with Middle Eastern and European influences. His command of European languages was also impressive. There was always a kind of mystery about his origin and he was subject of many speculations as to his origins. But despite pressure from his Syrian compatriots, he himself did not explicitly refer to his ethnic background, due to an informal agreement he made with his management team even before receiving wide recognition.

American career[link]

After his miraculous recovery and ability to walk again after his serious injuries and after a hiatus of 4 years in New York, Avraam Russo released his fifth studio album entitled Resurrection in early 2010 conveying his faith in Christianity which he credits for his survival. Resurrection is also his first-ever all-English Christian spiritual record recorded in Nashville, Tennessee. He infuses great spiritual depth and passion into the work produced by Dove Award winner Joe Beck and by Jim Frazier, In December 2009 he released the first single "Peace" ^[2] taken from the album. The song is about child soldiers and released in aid of the Invisible Children charity.^[3]

In 2009 he officially opened his own restaurant "Heaven" in New York. In January 2010, Avraam Russo returned to Russia and gave a series of concerts in various Russian cities. He is currently preparing to release a new album in Russian language. Abraham also recorded a duet in Amsterdam named "Лунная соната" ("Moonlight Sonata") with Kazakh singer Diana Shik.

Awards[link]

In 2002 Avraam Russo won the Russian national top award for "Song of the Year" ("Pesnya Goda") for his international hit "Daleko Daleko"^[4] (Far Away in Russian), a cover version of the 2000 Arabic language massive hit "Tamally Maak" [1] performed by Egyptian pan-Arab superstar Amr Diab.

Discography[link]

Albums

• 2001: Amor
• 2002: Tonight
• 2003: Prosto lyubit' (in Russian Просто любить)
• 2003: Amor (on Private Moon Records)
• 2006: Obruchalnaya (in Russian Обручальная)
• 2010: Resurrection

Compilations and live

• 2006: Live (on Misterija Zvuka)
• 2006: The best of Avraam Rousso (on Misterija Zvuka)

DVDs

• 2002: 1001 éjszaka (meaning 1001 nights) - (DVD of concert in the Olympic Stadium in Moscow on 21 November 2002)
• 2006: Obruchalnaya (meaning Engagement) - (DVD of concert in Moscow Kremlin on 8 March 2006)

Singles (original Russian name in case in Russian)

• "Lyubov, kotoroy bolshe net" (in Russian «Любовь, которой больше нет» trans. "Love, that doesn't Exist Anymore")
• "Prosto lyubit tebya" (in Russian «Просто любить тебя» trans. "Just to Love You")
• «Amor»
• «Arabica»
• «Baby»
• «Bailando»
• «Baila que Baila»
• «Fire horse»
• «La amo»
• «Milliones de fuego»
• «Quiereme»
• «Searching for love»
• «Si senor»
• «Teardrop»
• «Tonight»
• "Bud so mnoj" (in Russian «Будь со мной» trans. "Be with Me")
• "Daleko-Daleko" (in Russian «Далеко-далеко» trans. "Far-Far")
• "Znayu" (in Russian «Знаю» trans. "I Know")
• "Kak Byt" (in Russian «Как быть» trans. "How to Be" or can be interpreted as "What to Do")
• "Kasablanka" (in Russian «Касабланка» trans. "Casablanca")
• "Latino" (in Russian «Латино» )
• "Leto" (in Russian «Лето» trans. "Summer")
• "Lyubov i sudba" (in Russian «Любовь и судьба» trans. "Love and the Destiny")
• "Menya ne goni" (in Russian «Меня не гони» trans. "Don't Send Me Off")
• "Ne dolyublyu" (in Russian «Не долюблю» trans. "Won't Love You Enough")
• "Ne ukhodi" (in Russian «Не уходи» trans. "Don't Leave")
• "Obruchalnaya" (in Russian «Обручальная» trans. "..of Engagement")
• "Menak em" (in Armenian «Մենակ եմ» trans. "I'm alone")
• "Ojidanie" (in Russian «Ожидание» trans. "Expectation")
• "Opa-Opa" (in Russian «Опа-опа» )
• "Prazdnik" (in Russian «Праздник» trans. "Celebration")
• "Galis es" (in Armenian «Գալիս էս» trans. "You comes")
• "Tam" (in Russian «Там» trans. "There")
• "Ty Odna" (in Russian «Ты одна» trans. "You are Alone")
• "Ya ne Lyublyu Vas" (in Russian «Я не люблю вас» trans. "I Don't Love You")
• "Peace"

References[link]

External links[link]

• Avraam Russo Official website
• Avraam Russo page on Narod.ru (Russian)
• Avraam Russo page on Newmail.ru
• Avraam Russo Turkish site
• Avraam Russo Hungarian site

Renato Russo
Background information
Birth name	Renato Manfredini, Jr.
Born	(1960-03-27)March 27, 1960 Rio de JaneiroBrazil
Died	October 11, 1996(1996-10-11) (aged 36) Rio de JaneiroBrazil
Genres	Post-punk, alternative rock, folk rock, punk rock
Occupations	Singer-songwriter, lyricist, musician
Instruments	Vocals, bass guitar, guitar, keyboards
Years active	1978–1996
Labels	EMI
Associated acts	Legião Urbana, Aborto Elétrico
Website	www.renatorusso.com.br

Renato Russo (born Renato Manfredini, Jr., March 27, 1960 – October 11, 1996) was a Brazilian singer and songwriter. His first band was a punk rock band called "Aborto Elétrico" (Electric Abortion). The band then broke up and split in two different ones: "Capital Inicial" and "Legião Urbana". He was the formal founder and leader of the Legião Urbana.

Biography[link]

Childhood[link]

Renato Manfredini Jr. was born in Rio de Janeiro. He started his studies at an early age, at Colégio Olavo Billac. During this period he wrote an excellent essay named "Old house, in ruins". His father was an executive at Banco do Brasil, and the family moved to Forest Hills, Queens, New York in 1967, when he was assigned a job position in the city. Renato and his family returned later to Rio de Janeiro and moved in with his uncle Sávio. As an 18-years-old, he admitted to his mother to being bisexual. And in 1988 he made it public by writing the song "Meninos e Meninas" ("Boys n' Girls") with the chorus stating, in English, "I like St. Paulo, I like St. João, I like St. Francisco and St. Sebastião, and I like boys and girls."

Adolescence[link]

In 1973, his family moved from Rio de Janeiro to Brasília, moving to the "Asa Sul" district. In 1975, aged 15, Renato went through one of the hardest phases of his life when he was diagnosed as suffering from epiphysiolysis, a bone disease. He underwent surgery and had three platinum pins implanted in his pelvis. He suffered greatly throughout his convalescence, being confined to bed for 6 months, almost immobile. While he was under treatment, he did little more than listening to music, collecting an extensive and varied album collection. In an interview, Renato stated that this period was crucial in shaping his musical ear.

Musical career[link]

During the years of 1978 and 1979, he was the bass player of punk rock band Aborto Elétrico (Electric Abortion) which lasted 4 years, from 1978 to 1982, but broke up due to constant arguing between Fê Lemos, the drummer, and Renato. Although the band did not last long, during this period Renato Russo wrote many songs that would later become hits of Capital Inicial (founded by the remaining members of Aborto Elétrico) and Legião Urbana (founded by Renato Russo).

After the end of Aborto Elétrico, Renato began a solo career as the "Trovador Solitário" (Lonely Minstrel). This period only lasted a few months, as in 1982, he joined Marcelo Bonfá (the drummer of the band Dado e o Reino Animal), Eduardo Paraná (guitar player, known as Kadu Lambach) and Paulo Guimarães (keyboard player, known as Paulo Paulista) to form Legião Urbana. Renato was the lead vocal and bass player. Their main influences were the post punk bands of the time, especially Robert Smith from The Cure and Morrissey from The Smiths.

After the first few concerts, Eduardo Paraná and Paulo Paulista left the band. Dado Villa-Lobos then took over the guitars, creating the classic line-up of the band. The band also had Renato Rocha as a bass player from 1984 to 1989.

Leading Legião Urbana, Renato Russo reached the peak of his career as a musician, being recognized as the most important songwriter of Brazilian rock, securing a cult status within his fanbase.

He used to write long songs. "Faroeste Caboclo" for instance lasts 9:05, "Clarisse" is 10:33 long and "Metal Contra as Nuvens" is 11:29 minutes. The song "Fátima" was written in ten minutes. He recorded two solo albums, with both English and Italian songs, in the 1990s.

Death[link]

Renato Russo died on October 11, 1996, at 01:15 a.m., weighing only 45 kilograms (99.2 pounds), due to complications caused by AIDS (he had been HIV-positive since 1989, but never revealed it publicly). He left a son, Giuliano Manfredini, at the time only 7 years old. His body was cremated and the ashes were spread on Roberto Burle Marx's garden.

On October 22, 1996, eleven days after his death, Dado and Bonfá announced the end of Legião Urbana. The bands estimated sales in Brazil during Renato's life amounted to roughly 20 million albums. More than a decade after his death, sales of his albums are still considerable.

Solo albums

• The Stonewall Celebration Concert (1994)
• Equilibrio Distante (1995)
• O Último Solo (1997)
• Presente (2003)

Compilation albums

• Série Bis: Renato Russo - Duplo (2000)
• Série Para Sempre: Renato Russo (2001)
• Série Identidade: Renato Russo (2002)
• O Talento de Renato Russo (2004)
• O Trovador Solitário (2008)
• Renato Russo: Duetos (2010)

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official Site
• Vídeos in Luciano Marinho Site

Vince Russo
Ring name(s)	Vicious Vincent Vic Venom Vince Russo Mr. Wrestling III The Powers That Be
Billed height	6 ft 2 in (1.88 m)
Billed weight	190 lb (86 kg; 14 st)
Born	(1961-01-24) January 24, 1961 (age 51) New York City, New York
Trained by	Johnny Rodz
Debut	1996

Vincent James "Vince" Russo (born January 24, 1961) is an American creative writer and author, well known for his work in the professional wrestling industry. He is notable for his tenure with World Wrestling Federation, World Championship Wrestling and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling.^[1] He is also a former WCW World Heavyweight Champion, a title that he relinquished.

Early life[link]

Russo grew up in Farmingville, New York and graduated from the University of Southern Indiana (then known as Indiana State University Evansville) in 1983 with a degree in journalism. He worked for the school newspaper The Shield as an assistant sports editor and later as editor-in-chief.^[2]

Russo got his start in the wrestling business when he began training under the tutelage of Johnny Rodz at Gleason's Gym in Brooklyn. He owned two video stores on Long Island, New York,.^[3] Russo also hosted his own local radio show from 1992 to 1993 called Vicious Vincent's World of Wrestling which aired on Sunday nights on WGBB in Freeport, New York. The program ran for exactly one year, the final show being the one year anniversary.

Professional wrestling writer[link]

World Wrestling Federation (1992-1999)[link]

In 1992, Russo was hired as a freelance writer for WWF Magazine following a letter that he had written to Linda McMahon, and would later become an editor^[3] in 1994 under the pseudonym of Vic Venom. He was eventually promoted to the WWF Creative Team in 1996.^[1][2] In that same year, Monday Night Raw hit an all-time ratings low of 1.8, as WCW Monday Nitro (Raw's chief competition), was in the midst of an 84-week winning-streak against Raw head-to-head (see Monday Night Wars). With WCW eclipsing the WWF, McMahon called upon Russo to make changes to the televised product. Russo would contribute edgy, controversial storylines involving sexual content, on-camera profanity, swerves or unexpected heel turns, and worked shoots in the storylines. Russo's style of writing was known to be as "Crash TV."

In early 1997, Russo would eventually become head writer for the WWF^[1] and would write their flagship show Raw Is War as well as their monthly pay-per-views. With the angles that Russo created (along with Vince McMahon present to accept and decline ideas), many felt that Russo was instrumental in putting WWF ahead of World Championship Wrestling in the Monday night rating wars during the Attitude Era. Notable storylines and characters during Russo's run as head writer include the Steve Austin vs. Mr. McMahon feud, The Undertaker vs. Kane feud, D-Generation X, the rise of The Rock, and the Mick Foley saga. Some of the more controversial characters during this time, often cited by critics of Russo, include Sable, Val Venis and The Godfather.

Within a year of Russo being the head writer of the WWF, they turned the ratings and business around and overcame Nitro as the biggest wrestling show on cable.^[4]

On October 5, 1999, Russo and Ed Ferrara signed with WCW;^[1] Russo contends that his reason for leaving the WWF was the result of a dispute with Vince McMahon over the increased workload that he (as well as Ferrara) was facing, with the introduction of the new SmackDown! broadcast. When SmackDown! was introduced as a new show, Russo was not happy about writing two more hours of shows per week, especially due to the fact he was feel overworked, burnt out, and less passionate working in the WWF creative team for so long. McMahon simply told him to "Go hire a nanny," resulting in the alleged altercation. Additionally Russo has stated (in the RF Shoot Video series) that the desire to seek a new challenge (by going to WCW), as well as his own personal interest in whether or not he would be able to repeat the same successes without the guidance of Vince McMahon, were also strong contributing factors to his move.

World Championship Wrestling (1999-2000)[link]

Russo and Ferrara attempted to make the same "Crash TV" style on WCW Monday Nitro which was similar to Raw, only at an accelerated pace, including edgier storylines, more lengthy non-wrestling segments, constant heel/face turns, an increased amount of sexuality on the show, fake retirements, more backstage vignettes, expanded storyline depth, title changes, and the utilization of midcard talent in a more effective manner. One of the most notable storylines included the "Powers That Be" angle, which implied a mysterious, unseen, and secret power source whom everyone in WCW were obliged to obey. Russo and Ferrara often focused on poking fun at the WWF as well rather than writing a captivating wrestling product as they had done while actually in the WWF.

Criticism[link]

However, without Vince McMahon to oversee their work, their writing was incoherent and repetitive; this infuriated some fans. As a result, Nitro became a haven of confusing storylines which resulted in lower ratings and buyrates. Jim Cornette has in the past expressed a strong dislike towards Russo, partly due to Russo's style of booking, and partly due to his decision to create Oklahoma, a character that parodied WWF play-by-play announcer Jim Ross and his Bell's palsy.^[5] Russo has contended that the idea was created not by him, but by Ferrara, who had shared legitimate animosity with Jim Ross backstage during his WWF tenure.

Russo's writing style also created a large turnover in title changes. His booking of Jushin "Thunder" Liger losing and regaining the IWGP Junior Heavyweight Championship on Nitro in late 1999 was not recognized by New Japan Pro Wrestling in the title lineage until 2007.^[6] (Liger lost the title to Juventud Guerrera, a luchador, after being hit over the head with a tequila bottle.) Swerves and scenarios treated as "shoots" were heavily emphasized, as wrestlers supposedly gave unscripted interviews using "insider" terms that were only recognized by the Internet smarks; chaotic broadcasts became the norm. Russo booked actor David Arquette to win the WCW World Title and at one point toward the end of his WCW stay even booked himself to be champion. Russo justifies Arquette winning the title with the fact that Arquette didn't pin a wrestler (he pinned Eric Bischoff) and that it was a realistic event with the intent to gain publicity. Moreover, Russo claims that his own title win was a result of a fluke (Goldberg speared him through the cage during a cage match against Booker T, resulting in Russo unintentionally winning the match) and that he willingly forfeited the title on the next WCW Monday Nitro, due to the issue of him being able to run the promotion completely unchecked without anyone that could be used as a "filter" for his ideas, as Vince McMahon was in the WWF.^[7][8] Russo's characters and storylines during this era are often heavily criticized.^[9] Some signatures styles of his writing that are often brought up include: object on a pole matches, fun with acronyms, gimmick matches, swerves, and worked shoots.^[9]

An entire chapter was devoted to Russo in the WrestleCrap: The Very Worst of Pro Wrestling book;^[7] the title of the chapter was Vince Russo Presents: How to Lose $60 Million in just 12 months!.^[7][8] From one of the same authors, Russo was also prominently featured on the cover of The Death of WCW,^[10][11] a book that notes Russo's contributions to what is believed to have ended WCW.

In October 9, 2009, Steve Austin commented that Russo can add value to a wrestling show but he's dangerous on his own without an editor who knows more about pro wrestling booking than he does. "Vince Russo was good as long as you kept a rein on him and kept a limited dose of what kind of ideas you let him implement,” Austin tells the UK Sun. “Him with restrictions on him, he’s okay. Him by himself, no, forget about it. When [Ed Ferrara] did the Jim Ross thing and Jim Ross is a really good friend of mine, I wouldn’t give two cents for the guy. I don’t think he knows a damn thing about the wrestling business, either.”^[12]

Firing and rehiring[link]

In 2000, Russo received two phone calls, one from Bret Hart (then WCW World Heavyweight Champion) and another from Jeff Jarrett (then WCW United States champion), both saying that they were injured, thus couldn't wrestle and forced to vacate their respective championships. This required Russo to alter the plans he had in mind for Bret Hart and the New World Order. Russo and his booking committee sat down to determine what would now happen at Souled Out. One of the ideas included putting the now vacated WCW Title on the shoot fighter Tank Abbott, a former UFC fighter. In an attempt to do something believable, the idea was originally to have a "rumble match" in which Sid Vicious would be an early entrant in the match and would last all the way to the end when Abbott would come into the match and eliminate him with one punch. Russo claims that Abbott may not have held the belt for more than 24 hours if this title change had actually occurred. However, the day after he and his committee came up with the idea, he was removed from the position of head writer and told to start working with something else. Russo declined the offer and left the company, with his immediate replacement being Kevin Sullivan.

Russo managed to take the rating from a 3.08 and bring it up to a 3.10, although during his tenure, Nitro was reduced from three hours to two hours (though this was not entirely because of Russo, as the three hour block proved to be too difficult for the company to be able to consistently fill with things that would keep their audience's attention, something that was proven possible with a two hour show). As soon as he left, the ratings went back down to a 2.4 and he stated that he was not able to bring those fans back due to the constant creative changes. Three months later, Sullivan was ultimately relieved of his duties and Russo was reinstated as booker, after a three month absence, alongside Eric Bischoff, who had just returned to WCW as well (as a creative director). The idea was that Russo and Bischoff would reboot WCW into a more modern, streamlined company that would reward the younger talent instead of holding them down. On the April 10, 2000 Nitro, Vince Russo was introduced as an on-screen antagonist authority figure.^[13] Notable storyline points his character was involved with include "The New Blood vs Millionaire's Club"; his feud with Ric Flair where he and David Flair were involved with shaving Ric Flair's hair as well as Reid Flair's hair; his feud with Goldberg; and his short reign as world champion.

Bash at the Beach 2000[link]

Russo was involved in an incident with Hulk Hogan; Hogan was booked to lose a match against reigning world champion Jeff Jarrett at Bash at the Beach in 2000, but Hogan refused to lose the match (invoking his contract's "creative control" clause to override Russo), due to Russo's apparent lack of direction for Hogan's character following the planned loss. In the end, Jarrett literally "laid down" for Hogan, which resulted in Hogan doing a shoot on Russo saying "That's why this company is in the damn shape it's in; because of bullshit like this" and scoring the pinfall victory by placing his foot on Jarrett's chest. Russo would come out later in the broadcast to nullify the result of the match, as he publicly fired Hogan. This action restored the title to Jarrett, which set up a new title match between Jarrett and Booker T, with the latter winning the match and the title.

As Russo promised, Hogan never resurfaced in WCW and even filed a lawsuit against Russo for defamation of character (which was dismissed in 2003 stating that the charges filed against Russo were "groundless" and "were just part of a wrestling storyline"^[14]). That would also be Eric Bischoff's last on-screen appearance with WCW. Hogan claims (in his autobiography, Hollywood Hulk Hogan) that Russo made it a shoot, and Hogan was double-crossed by Turner executive Brad Siegel, who did not want to use Hogan any more due to how much Hogan cost per appearance; and Bischoff, in his autobiography, Controversy Creates Ca$h, contends that Hogan winning and leaving with the title was a work which would result in his return several months later - the plan was to crown a new champion at Halloween Havoc, only for Hogan to come out afterwards and ultimately win a champion vs. champion match - but that Russo's coming out to fire him was a shoot which led to the lawsuit filed by Hogan. Bischoff claims that he and Hogan celebrated after the event over the success of the angle, but were distraught to get a phone call saying that Russo interfered unplanned after Hogan left the arena.

Russo's perspective[link]

In 2005, Russo was finally able to give his side of the incident on his Ring of Glory website.^[15] From his perspective, Russo revised the script numerous times with the original script having Booker T being the champion. According to Russo, Hulk Hogan was not completely pleased with the finish. Prior to the pay-per-view, Bischoff, Hogan and Russo discussed how the ending should play out and decided to make their situation as real as possible. The pitch which they all agreed to was to have Jarrett lay down and have Hogan pin Jarrett. To make the situation look as real as possible, Jarrett would not be notified that this was planned and would be under the impression that him lying down would catch Hogan off guard. Once this occurred, Hogan and Bischoff would have to leave the building and then Russo would then cut a "scathing" promo explaining that Hogan's belt meant nothing and that the real championship belt would be defended later in the night by two deserving competitors: Booker T and Jeff Jarrett. According to Russo, Bischoff "liked" it and all agreed that this would be how the story played out. The idea was to work the fans and the roster.^[15]

Russo says he regrets not calling Hulk Hogan the next day.^[15] Russo claims that he was told by network executive Brad Siegel that the company could not afford to use Hogan so it would be best to continue writing the show without him. Russo then writes that a defamation of character lawsuit was then filed by Hulk Hogan with him claiming that he knew nothing about the promo that Russo did at the pay-per-view beforehand.

Russo closed the article by saying he grew up being a huge fan of Hogan, that the business would never have reached the heights without him, that Hogan paved the way for his writing career, and that he would "work with Hulk Hogan again in a heartbeat".^[15] He said that one day he would like to thank Hogan for giving him the opportunity to have his career and that he would like to put this behind them.^[15]

Concussion[link]

In October 2000, Russo's run as head writer came to a halt after a string of injuries primarily resulting from a match he was in with Goldberg where he was speared through a cage and where his head landed on the ringside barrier.^[16] As a result, he had to sit home with post-concussion syndrome for the last six months that WCW was in business.^[16] WCW was eventually sold to the WWF in March 2001.

World Wrestling Entertainment (2002)[link]

Russo later returned to WWE in mid 2002 but quickly left after saying that there was "no way in the world that this thing would work out...I felt there were layers upon layers of people to go through to get my ideas accepted."^[16]

In Russo's book Rope Opera, Russo said he called Vince McMahon when the WWE's Raw rating went below a 4.0.^[17] After meeting McMahon at his house, Russo proposed his main story of having McMahon hiring Eric Bischoff to be the General Manager of the company. McMahon would then torture Bischoff due to their previous history; Bischoff would then use his past relationships with previous WCW talent and get to McMahon's son Shane which would eventually lead to Vince McMahon losing power.^[17]

Vince McMahon eventually introduced Russo to the creative team, which consisted of Michael Hayes, Paul Heyman and in Russo's words, "children, all bright-eyed and bushy-tailed, while looking scared to death at the same time."^[17] Russo then spent three hours laying out one year of storylines and characters to the team to which nobody on the team said anything to.^[17]

Rumor has it that the idea he put forward was an entire restart of the WCW Invasion, featuring previously unsigned talent such as Bill Goldberg, Scott Steiner, Eric Bischoff and Bret Hart.^[18][19] The reports imply that his idea was so poorly received that Russo was immediately demoted from the position of 'Head Creative Director' to that of a "consultant". Russo states in an interview that after a meeting with the WWE creative team, he got a call from McMahon who said that Russo should be a "consultant" instead.^[16] He was then sent a contract to sign but prior to signing, Russo wanted to explore other options and have more of a "hands-on" influence on the creative product.^[16]

As a result, Russo then left of his own accord (turning down a $125,000 per year stay-at-home ‘advisory’ role with WWE in favor of a $100,000 per year full-time position with TNA).^[20]

In late 2005, a 3-disc DVD boxset was released titled Pro Wrestling's Ultimate Insiders which consists of interviews with him along with co-writer Ed Ferrara about their time in the World Wrestling Federation and World Championship Wrestling.

Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (2002-2012)[link]

Russo at a TNA event.

Writing and power struggle (2002-2004)[link]

In July 2002, Russo joined Jeff and Jerry Jarrett's NWA-TNA promotion as a creative writer and would assist in the writing and production of the shows. Russo claims that the name "Total Nonstop Action" came from him and that the original concept was, as they were exclusive to pay per view, to be an edgier product than WWE; the initials of the company "TNA" being a play on "T&A", short for "Tits and Ass".^[21] Throughout the first few years, there were numerous reports of creative power struggle over the direction of the programming.^[22] Russo left the company after the TNA Victory Road '04 pay-per-view. On a November 2005 interview, Russo states that he never wrote a single show on his own during this period at TNA and described his time there as a "total nightmare."^[23]

On-screen character (2002-2004)[link]

During the time when these rumors circulated, Russo eventually debuted as an on-screen character when the mysterious masked wrestler "Mr. Wrestling III" helped Jeff Jarrett win the NWA World Heavyweight Championship and eventually unveiled as him.^[1] In the on-screen story, Jarrett did not want Russo's help which led to the two becoming involved in a feud. Russo created his own faction of wrestlers he dubbed Sports Entertainment Xtreme (S.E.X.),^[1] recruiting the likes of Glenn Gilbertti, Sonny Siaki, B.G. James, Raven, Trinity, and others. S.E.X. faced the more traditional TNA wrestlers led by Jeff Jarrett. Eventually, Russo would leave his on-screen role and Gilbertti would become the leader of S.E.X.

After leaving for a brief period, Russo returned as an on-screen character on the May 28, 2003 pay-per-view where he would hit Raven with a baseball bat helping Gilbertti become the number one contender for the world championship.^[24] The next week (June 4, 2003), when Gilbertti fought Jarrett for the world championship, Russo would hit Gilbertti with a baseball bat which in turn helped Jarrett retain his belt.^[25] On the following week's pay-per-view (June 11, 2003), when AJ Styles and Raven fought Jarrett for the world title in a triple threat match, Russo teased hitting Styles with Jarrett's trademark guitar, but eventually hit Jarrett leading A.J. Styles to win the world championship belt.^[26]

Russo would then manage NWA Champion A.J. Styles for the remainder of his 2003 run and S.E.X. were quietly written out of the storylines. On the October 15, 2003 pay-per-view, Russo made his final appearance of that year in a street-fight with Jarrett.^[27] It was reported that Russo was written out of the company as a result of Hulk Hogan's signing and because Hogan reportedly said that he would not work for TNA as long as Russo was involved with the company.^[28] In February 2004 shortly after Hogan was not able to commit with TNA, Russo would eventually return but strictly as an on-air character, becoming the "Director of Authority" in the storylines. This time, he was a face, claiming to have changed his ways (which was likely inspired by Russo's real-life conversion to Christianity). However, he would leave again in late 2004 when Dusty Rhodes was "voted" the new D.O.A. over himself at the three hour November 2004 pay-per-view Victory Road in an interactive "election" on TNA's website.^[1]

Rehired as creative writer (2006-2012)[link]

On September 21, 2006 TNA president Dixie Carter re-signed Russo as a writer on the TNA creative team.^[29]

During the March 2007 TNA pay-per-view Destination X on the "Last Rites" match with Abyss and Sting, "Fire Russo!" chants erupted from the crowd in the arena at Orlando indicating the fans' frustration with the incidents that occurred during the match.^[30]

TNA's "electrified" steel cage match, as seen at Lockdown 2007

Another time the "Fire Russo!" chants were heard was at the following month's pay-per-view TNA Lockdown that was held in St. Louis on April 15, 2007.^[31] The chants were heard during the electrified steel cage match with Team 3D and The LAX where the lights would flicker on-and-off whenever a wrestler touched the cage giving the impression of electrocution.^[31] Dixie Carter has since noted that gimmick was created by writer Dutch Mantell. In a 2011 interview, Mantell denied this.

Russo became head of creative for TNA some time during July 2009.^[32] On addressing the "Fire Russo!" chants, Russo said he was not head of creative during that time and when the idea of the electrified steel cage was presented to him, he said that there was no way that the concept could have been done in a believable manner and that he was often blamed for ideas that he never even came up with.^[32] The back cover of Russo's 2010 book Rope Opera: How WCW Killed Vince Russo notes fans chanting "Fire Russo!" across television tapings throughout North America.^[33]

At the September 2009 TNA No Surrender pay-per-view, Ed Ferrara joined TNA and began working on the creative team with Vince Russo and junior contributor Matt Conway.^[34]

On October 27, 2009, it was announced that Hulk Hogan signed with Total Nonstop Action Wrestling. On a February 2010 interview, Russo stated that after meeting with Hogan and Bischoff to discuss the Bash At The Beach incident, he found out that the entire ordeal was all about a misunderstanding and that in terms of working together after the incident, things have been great.^[32] In 2010, when asked about his relationship with Russo at TNA, Hogan said he came to TNA in peace, that the writing staff of Russo, Ed Ferrara, Matt Conway, and Jeremy Borash have really "stepped it up", and that Hogan loved Russo "from a distance".^[35] While working with Russo, Bischoff stated in a February 2010 interview that it is a "very positive experience", that their collaborations are productive and said, "If I see red and [Russo] sees green, we've been able to come as close as possible to resolving it every time."^[36]

On October 6, 2011, it was reported that Russo had stepped down to the role of a contributing writer, with Bruce Prichard taking over the role of the head writer.^[37]

On February 14, 2012, TNA President Dixie Carter announced that TNA and Russo had mutually parted ways during the week.^[38]

Legacy[link]

Vince Russo is one of the most controversial figures in professional wrestling history. Russo is often opinionated about his stance that the story, reality, and characters of the show are what draws the viewers.^[16] He is also outspoken about his belief about emphasizing entertainment over the in-ring aspect of professional wrestling.^[16] On the back cover of his book Forgiven, the summary notes that when asked about Vince Russo, wrestling fans' opinions often vary, but are always passionate: "the guy's a genius; or he single-handedly ruined the sport".^[39] On the back cover of his book Rope Opera, it notes that Russo has "been known as both the savior of Vince McMahon's WWF and the man who destroyed WCW."^[40]

Author[link]

Russo is also an author. He has written Forgiven: One Man's Journey from Self-Glorification to Sanctification,^[41] a 2005 autobiography documenting his early life, his WWF run, as well as his Christian faith. Highlights of the book include his involvement with the infamous Montreal Screwjob and the accidental tragic death of Owen Hart.^[39] The book was written in 2000, originally titled Welcome To Bizarroland^[9] and was a book that negatively portrayed people in the wrestling business.^[9] After being a born again Christian, the title and content of the book was revised to correspond with his newly found faith.^[9]

Russo's second book Rope Opera: How WCW Killed Vince Russo^[40] was released in early 2010 and chronicles his tenure with WCW and TNA. The title Rope Opera stems from the title of a television series idea that he pitched to networks at the time of his WWF tenure.^[41][42]

Personal life[link]

Vince Russo is an American of Italian origin. In October 2003, during the period when he left TNA, Russo became a Born Again Christian.^[1] In 2004, he formed a short-lived online Christian ministry titled Forgiven. As a born again Christian, Russo expressed a lot of regret for many of his storylines and angles that he created while in the WWF during The Attitude Era^{[citation needed]}. In late 2005, he produced two shows for his evangelical Ring of Glory independent promotion.^[43]

Championships and accomplishments[link]

• World Championship Wrestling
  • WCW World Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

Notes[link]

External links[link]

• TV Tropes' Critical Review of Vince Russo
• Vince Russo - Entertainment Weekly Article - Nov 12, 1999
• SLAM! Wrestling - "Vince Russo not so evil" - October 30, 2007
• Vince Russo Interview at About.com - by Eric Cohen - December 19, 2005
• SLAM! Wrestling - "Vince Russo back in the spotlight" - November 22, 2005
• SLAM! Wrestling - "Review: Russo asks to be Forgiven" - November 10, 2005
• Vince Russo at the Internet Movie Database
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