Shāh (/ˈʃɑː/; Persian: شاه‎, [ʃɒː]) is the title of the ruler of certain South Asian and Central Asian countries, especially Persia (modern Iran), and derives from the Persian word shah, meaning "king".

Shah or shahanshah ("King of Kings") was the title of Persian emperors or kings. It includes rulers of the first Persian Empire, the Achaemenid dynasty, who unified Persia and created a vast intercontinental empire, as well as rulers of succeeding dynasties. The title was also extensively used later by emperors of the Indian subcontinent, including those of the Mughal Empire. For instance, the third Mughal emperor, Akbar the Great (1542–1605), was formally known as "Shahanshah Akbar-e-Azam".

The full title of the Achaemenid rulers was Kshatriya Kshatriyanamah, "King of Kings" in Old Persian, corresponding to Middle Persian šāhān šāh, literally "kings' king", and Modern Persian shāhanshāh (شاهنشاه).^{[citation needed]} In Greek, this phrase was translated as "βασιλεύς τῶν βασιλέων (basileus tōn basiléōn)", "king of kings", equivalent to emperor. Both terms were often shortened to their roots: shah and basileus.

Khawaja Muhammad Asif (خواجہ محمد آصف; born August 9, 1949 in Sialkot), is a Pakistani lawmaker and politician of the center-right conservative democratic party PML-N. Khawaja Muhammad Asif previously served as the Pakistani Minister for Petroleum and Natural Resources, with additional portfolio of Sports Ministry in the PM Yousaf Raza Gillani cabinet. Currently serving as the Member of Parliament of Pakistan, he is renowned for his oratory skills and denunciation of military intervention in the political domain.

Before getting into politics, Khawaja Asif lived in the UAE for many years, and worked in the Bank of credit and Commerce International. He quit and moved back to Pakistan in 1991, shortly before the death of his father, and took his place in politics, standing from the same constituency and city (Sialkot), and has won every election since 1991. In the 2008 general election, he was elected for the fourth term as a member of the National Assembly on PML-N's ticket. He was previously elected as an MNA for in the years 1993, 1997 and 2002. He also served as a senator during years 1991-1993. In the Nawaz Sharif cabinet of 1997-1999, Khawaja Asif held the portfolio of Chairman Privatization Commission, with the status of a federal minister.

Makhdoom Shah Mehmood Hussain Qureshi (Urdu: شاه محمود قریشی; born June 22, 1956) is well-known Politician in Pakistan. He was the Foreign Minister of Pakistan in the coalition government of PPP, MQM, ANP and JUI-F formed after the 2008 general elections. He was a senior leader of Pakistan Peoples Party, where he was the president of PPP Punjab. However in February 2011 Qureshi fell out with the senior PPP leadaership and by November 2011 joined Imran Khan's Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf. Makhdoom Shah Mehmood Qureshi is also the current Sajjada Nashin and custodian of the Mausoleum of Shah Rukn-e-Alam and of the Shrine (Darbar) of Hazrat Baha-ud-din Zakariya. An agriculturalist by trade, Qureshi is also the president of the Farmers Association of Pakistan.

Qureshi hails from a prominent religious and political family in South Punjab.He has a wife, mehriene qureshi, alongside a son and 2 daughters. He is the eldest son of Makhdoom Sajjad Hussain Qureshi. Sajjad Qureshi was a Sajjada Nashin for Mausoleum of Shah Rukn-e-Alam and the Darbar of Hazrat Baha-ud-din Zakariya. The elder Qureshi was also a prominent politician of the Pakistan People's Party under Zulfikar Ali Bhutto in the 1970s. Following the removal and hanging of Bhutto, Sajjad Hussain supported the presidency of General Zia-ul-Haq and served as the Governor of Punjab from December 1985 to December 1988 under Zia.