Smartphone PIN revealed by camera and microphone ( admin posted on November 12th, 2013 )

The PIN for a smartphone can be revealed by its camera and microphone, researchers have warned.

Using a programme called PIN Skimmer a team from the University of Cambridge found that codes entered on a number-only soft keypad could be identified.

The software watches your face via the camera and listens to clicks through the microphone as you type.

The tests were carried out on the Google Nexus-S and the Galaxy S3 smartphones.

“We demonstrated that the camera, usually used for conferencing or face recognition, can be used maliciously,” say the report’s authors Prof Ross Anderson and Laurent Simon.

According to the research, the microphone is used to detect “touch-events” as a user enters their PIN. In effect, it can “hear” the clicks that the phone makes as a user presses the virtual number keys.

The camera then estimates the orientation of the phone as the user is doing this and “correlates it to the position of the digit tapped by the user”.

“We watch how your face appears to move as you jiggle your phone by typing,” said Ross Anderson, professor of security engineering at Cambridge University.

“It did surprise us how well it worked,” he told the BBC.

When trying to work out four-digit PINs the programme was successful more than 50% of the time after five attempts. With eight-digit PINs the success rate was 60% after 10 attempts.

Many smartphone users have a pincode to lock their phone but they are increasingly used to access other types of applications on a smartphone, including banking apps.

This raises the question of which resources should remain accessible on a phone when someone is entering a sensitive PIN, say the report’s authors.

Randomise keys

“For instance when a call comes in, the user needs to hear the ring tone while unlocking his phone; otherwise he may assume the caller has hung up.”

One suggestion to prevent a PIN being identified is to use a longer number but the researchers warn this affects “memorability and usability”.

“Randomising” the position of numbers on the keypad is also suggested but the researchers believe this would “cripple usability on phones”.

Getting rid of passwords altogether and using fingerprints or face recognition are offered as more drastic solutions.

“If you’re developing payment apps, you’d better be aware that these risks exist,” warns Prof Anderson.

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Money Management Can Make You a Profitable Trader ( admin posted on October 26th, 2013 )

Back in the early 1980′s, back when I used to be a gambler (until 1984), I would often take trips to Las Vegas to play the Blackjack tables.

My connection to Blackjack started before I was old enough to bet at a casino. My step-father was a (compulsive) gambler who would take me to horse races and also teach me the finer points of playing Blackjack.

As a young man, I was able to recognize that horse racing was a fools game. It wasn’t so much due to my step-father consistently losing his stake, but that I could not see how anyone could get an edge betting on horses.

However, when it came to Blackjack, I could see that with a little bit of understanding of probability and good money management, it was possible to make money even though the odds were stacked in favor of the house (casino).

So once I was old enough to legally gamble in Las Vegas, I would find a $1 table and be planted there until the next morning. Once my marathon playing (all night) was over, I would then have enough money to enjoy the rest of my time in Las Vegas. In other words, I regularly had my Las Vegas weekends paid for from my Blackjack winnings.

Was I card counting? Not at all. In fact I have no clue as to how that works. The reason I was a consistent winner as a Blackjack player was that I would employ money management and simply play the probability of the dealer busting.

There are several things I would look for in determining whether to take another card or not. This meant that I had to have some skill at figuring out the ‘probability’ of busting my hand or the dealer busting his. By doing this, I could be assured of some winning hands. Knowing that I’m going to win “some” hands, all that was needed was employing proper money management in order to end up in the green by the time I left the table.

There were other things I would try with some success. For example, once in awhile I would stand and watch the gambling at the roulette table. Here was another foolish game for anyone serious about making money. Yet it had one thing going for it. There was a place where you can simply bet on red or black. It was like flipping a coin.

Now what I would do is to just wait for a series of blacks or reds to win. I would note how often there were streaks of red or black and how long those streaks were. If it seemed like on occasion there was a streak of 6 or 7 straight reds or blacks, I would then start to bet the opposite color because the ‘probability’ at that point would increase dramatically that the streak had to end soon. If the streak continued, I would just double up on each consecutive bet because the odds favor that it would have to end before I lost too much money. Needless to say that I also started with a small amount in order to withstand the draw-down.

While I did get some positive results from games that featured odds like flipping a coin that allowed me to employ probability and money management, the best results came from a game where I actually had some control of the odds along with money management.

Trading is leaps and bounds above gambling when it comes to probability and risk. Trading is not gambling because it does not create risk out of thin air like casino games. Trading risk is already there because it is part of doing business, the buying and selling of goods, much like bartering. The smarter you are about making deals, the better your odds of success will be.

Trading requires that you examine the market carefully to determine whether the asset is being priced too low or too high and then acting accordingly to make a profit. This is much like buying a house in an auction that you believe has enough room to sell at a higher price for a profit. If you are right, you win. If you are wrong, you lose. And the amount you win or lose will depend on your timing and the amount you risked.

Money Management is extremely important when it comes to being successful at trading. With good money management, you can afford to be off on your estimate and still be successful in the long-run. You can make some bad decisions and yet the decisions you make that are good can make up for it and much more. It all comes down to how you manage your risk and your money.

Having a good market timing approach such as the FDates method of trading allows us to increase our probability of successful trades. However, there will be losses with any method. Therefore, good risk and money management is essential if you want to walk away from the table at the end with profits.

With Money Management, you need to first determine the amount of money you have available for trading. Then you need to recognize that there will be draw-downs from time to time. You must treat trading as a business, where there will be expenses. The amount of capital you have for trading will determine the time-frame and the vehicle you can trade.

For example, if you start with a small amount of capital for trading, you have to consider trading costs that would incur from frequent trading such as with day-trading, as opposed to less costs for position trading. On the other hand, position trading would require bigger risk exposure per trade as opposed to day-trading from minute charts.

The other thing you must consider is the amount of your capital that you are willing to risk per trade. This should be a percentage, and absolutely no more than 10% but preferably much less than that, around 1-3% being better.

If your account is small, 1-3% or even 10% may not allow you to trade in certain markets. This would then mean that you either save up more capital first before trading or you find a trading activity that would allow you to trade your small account following the money management risk percentages suggested. This might mean looking at trading Options or trading the Forex where mini-sized positions can be taken.

By having the discipline to stick to risking no more than some small percentage per trade, you can afford to have a string of losses and still come out profitable in the end.

Strictly following a money management plan will require a strict use of the stop-loss. Never, ever put on a position without a stop-loss. Be sure that stop-loss will get you out of your trade within the allowable risk amount per trade. Never change your stop-loss to allow greater risk or losses. Be sure to never let a profit turn into a loss, getting your stop-loss to break-even when profit has reached at least 1.5 to 2 times initial risk.

If you spend some time learning about Money Management and have the discipline to apply it, you can be profitable trading any market with virtually any system, although the better the system the better your results.

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Good Investments for Pinoys Abroad ( admin posted on October 26th, 2013 )

It is a sad fact that Filipinos have limited knowledge when it comes to investments. Yes, probably the only investment we know of is business. We do not even consider saving in a bank as an investment. In entirety, we see banks as a place where we put our money and get it from time to time. We do not have a sophisticated definition of what truly is an investment.

In a place like the Philippines, Filipinos need to diversify their options for investments. Having a business is not your only choice. As a matter of fact, there are several investment schemes, good ones by the way, that can surely make your hard-earned money rolling into piles especially for Filipinos abroad or the Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs). As an OFW it is your prerogative to save and invest your money because working in other countries is not permanent and the regular salary you receive may not last. To back yourself up and your family, you need to put your money into financial investments that will increase its value.

Take note: never entertain financial scams that are too good to be true. Secure your money to trusted and well-recognized companies which will take care of your money.

Treasury Bills (T-Bills)

Treasury bills are offered in your bank. This is a long-term investment and its minimum amount of investment is P100, 000.00. Its interest rate is higher than that of time deposits. This is investing your money in portfolios that are used for government purposes. This is a low risk investment since it is backed by the Philippine government.

Unit Investment Trust Funds (UITF)

UITF is also offered in your local banks. This is an open-ended trust fund which investors can buy and sell their units after the minimum holding period. This is a high risk investment where you should only invest money that you can afford to lose. If you invest large amount of money, chances are you will also receive high returns. You must educate yourself beforehand on this type of investment so you will know when to stick around or when to sell your funds.

Mutual Funds

Mutual funds come in different types. Among these that are stock funds, bond funds and balanced funds. Whichever fund you might want to take part in will depend on how aggressive you are as an investor. It means that if you are willing to stake higher investments, you can opt for stock funds. But if you are conservative, then choose bond funds. There is no guarantee that you will always get high returns from this investment since this will always depend on the country’s economic condition. This is also a long-term investment.

Overseas Filipino Workers can also invest their money in stocks, real estate businesses, and insurance investments like: educational plan, pension plan, and protection plan. As an investor, you must be aware that investments should be measured in terms of risks, returns, and liquidity. Only participate in investments with 2 to 4% returns above the annual inflation rate. Never go for those investments with 2% returns a month because it may be just a scam. In investments, the higher the return, the higher the risks.

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Twenty First Century Economics ( admin posted on October 26th, 2013 )

There is a tendency to keep on doing the same things we have always done even when we don’t like the results. Albert Einstein said “the significant problems we face today cannot be solved by the same of level of thinking that created them.” In order for us to solve Twenty First Century financial challenges, we must adopt new financial strategies in our thinking and actions.

Look at what is currently going on in the economies around us; cities in America have been declaring bankruptcy; the US government is trillions of dollars in debt and unable to keep a balanced budget; countries like Iceland, China and Japan have had their share of financial challenges; the world markets have been shaken; banking has hopefully changed forever due to the greed of a few, and so on and so on.

There are more billionaires on the planet than ever before. The richest man in the world at this time, Bill Gates, has over $70 billion dollars in net worth. This is a ridiculous amount of money being controlled by one man. It’s not uncommon for people to see their wealth increase by $100′s of millions of dollars in one year if they are currently rich. Clearly this is the time for wealth creation.

I believe there are some components to twenty first century economics we need to keep in mind as we focus on making our lives more prosperous in the upcoming years;

1) Cash is King – the more liquid cash you can get your hands on, the better you will do financially. With cash you can negotiate the best deals to be found and purchase things way below market value. Smart investors accumulate cash.

2) Invest in growing markets – although there are some investments that haven’t yet recovered it is still possible to make money by investing in growing markets. The stock market has been recovering nicely and reaching highs that are all time records. Certain stocks have demonstrated unprecedented growth and making some of their investors very rich. In order to stay competitive, one must invest.

3) Change your mind – look at the world differently. We are in a global market and the world is more connected than it has ever been. It is time to look at things you may have never looked at before with a new set of glasses. See the endless possibilities that exist and go for it with all you have at your disposal.

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The Original “Black Friday”: Gould and Fisk Corner the Gold Market ( admin posted on October 26th, 2013 )

144 years ago, on September 24, 1869, the original “Black Friday” hit the stock markets, triggered by an attempt by “robber barons” Jay Gould and James Fisk to corner the U.S. gold market.

Since Lincoln had introduced the fiat “greenback” paper dollar and stopped the redemption of paper money for equal amounts of gold money in 1862, the greenback had traded at a discount to U.S. tender gold coins. Instead of being traded in “dollars per ounce”, since the U.S. was on the gold standard, gold was traded on the New York Gold Exchange as “the amount of paper dollars to buy $100 in gold dollars”.

During the height of the war in 1863, with a Union victory uncertain, it took $250 in greenbacks to buy $100 in gold coins. In 1869, when Fisk and Gould started their scheme, it took around $130 in greenbacks to buy five double eagle $20 gold coins. This works out to about $26.87/oz.

Although the total amount of the gold market was only around $15 million, no one could corner the market and drive the price up because of the U.S. government. The Treasury had approximately $95 million in gold reserves, and bought and sold gold on the open market to keep prices near the official gold standard. The government would sell gold in exchange for greenbacks, then use the paper money to buy Treasury bonds off the open market. This helped reduce the government debt. If the money supply became too restricted, the government would buy gold using greenbacks.

Jay Gould realized that he needed some way to convince the government to refrain from selling gold, or lacking that, advance notice that the government was about to sell. He began by recruiting Abel Corwin, the husband of President Ulysses S Grant’s sister, into the scheme. Corwin invited Gould and Fisk to New York social functions which the President attended, and they expounded on how the government should allow the (unregulated) open market set the price of gold. Additionally, they touted high gold prices as helping U.S. farmers export the over-abundant harvest that year.

Corwin also helped Gould and Fisk get a former Union general, Daniel Butterfield, appointed as Assistant Secretary of the Treasury in charge of buying and selling gold for the government. In return for a $10,000 bribe, Butterfield agreed to lobby against government gold sales, and to tip off Gould if any were planned. The band even attempted to bribe President Grant’s personal secretary and his wife(!) but were rebuffed.

Now that the pieces were in place, Gould and Fisk set about making millions. After convincing Grant to halt gold sales, they began in early September buying up all the gold they could. By September 16, they had nearly $10 million (2/3 of the total market) either in physical bullion on in calls. By September 23rd, it took $144 in greenbacks to buy $100 in gold ($29.77/oz) and the amount of gold the conspirators held equaled total U.S. gold reserves. International commerce, which depended on gold bullion, was being strangled, with businesses forced to pay whatever they had to in order to get gold. Hundreds of speculators jumped in, borrowing heavily. By 11:30 the morning of September 24, the price was $162 per $100 in gold ($33.59/oz), and the economy was on the brink of collapse.

Alerted by Secretary of the Treasury Boutwell, Grant found out about the attempted bribery of his wife and secretary. Butterfield caught wind of what was happening, and sent an urgent message to Gould, who started selling into the rally. Grant telegraphed Boutwell, and told him to dump $4 million of U.S. gold reserves into the market immediately and buy $4 million in bonds. Word got out around noon that day, and the rout for the exit began Gold dropped from $162 to $133 in less than an hour.

Fisk had been kept in the dark about Butterfield’s warning, and was merrily buying as much gold as he could, crowing that he would send the price to $200. But Gould was selling faster than Fisk was buying, liquidating their entire position plus any that Fisk bought before the rug was totally pulled out from under the market. Gould had needed Fisk to keep buying publicly, to pretend the market was still cornered while he dumped their holdings.

It worked. They dumped their holdings for approximately $150 per contract, netting around $15 million dollars (almost $255 million today). They spent $2 million on buying a New York judge from their friend “Boss” Tweed at Tammany Hall, and hiring lawyers to fend off hundreds of lawsuits, leaving $10 million between them. Even Congressional investigations, led by Congressman (and future President) James A. Garfield, failed to punish them. For, after all, their market activities were completely legal.

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