Coordinates | 39°44′21″N104°59′5″N |
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{{infobox parliament | background color | #F62217
| text_color #FFFFFF
| name Lebanese Parliamentمجلس النوابAssemblée nationale
| house_type Unicameral
| coa_pic Coat of Arms of Lebanon.svg
| session_room BeirutParliament.jpg
| leader1_type Speaker
| leader1 Nabih Berri
| party1 Amal Movement
| election1 November 20, 1992
| members 128
| political_groups1 Government:
FPM (19)
Amal (13)
Hezbollah (12)
PSP (7)
Lebanese Democrats (4)
Marada (3)
Glory Movement (2)
ARF (2)
Ba'ath Party (2) SSNP (2) Solidarity (1) Independent (1) Opposition: Future Movement (26) Independent (11) Lebanese Forces (8) Phlange (5) Hunchak (2) Murr Bloc (2) Democratic Left (1) Jamaa al-Islamiya (1) National Liberal (1) Ramgavar (1) | meeting_place Lebanese Parliament, Beirut, Lebanon | website lp.gov.lb }} |
The Parliament of Lebanon is the national parliament of Lebanon. There are 128 members elected to a four-year terms in multi-member constituencies, apportioned among Lebanon's diverse Christian and Muslim denominations. Lebanon has universal adult suffrage. Its major functions are to elect the President of the republic, to approve the government (although appointed by the President, the Prime Minister, along with the Cabinet, must retain the confidence of a majority in the Parliament), and to approve laws and expenditure.
According to its official site, the French name of the Parliament of Lebanon is Assemblée nationale (National Assembly), and the Arabic name is مجلس النواب ''Majlis an-Nuwwab'' (Chamber of Deputies).
Although distributed confessionally, all members, regardless of their religious faith, are elected by universal suffrage, forcing politicians to seek support from outside of their own religious communities, unless their co-religionists overwhelmingly dominate their particular constituency.
The changes stipulated by the Taif Agreement are set out in the table below*:
Numerous political parties exist in Lebanon. Many parties are little more than ad-hoc electoral lists, formed by negotiation among influential local figures representing the various confessional communities; these lists usually function only for the purpose of the election, and do not form identifiable groupings in the parliament subsequently. Other parties are personality-based, often comprising followers of a present or past political leader or warlord. Few parties are based, in practice, on any particular ideology, although in theory most claim to be. No single party has ever won more than 12.5 percent of the total number of seats in the Parliament, and until 2005 no coalition ever won more than a third of the total. The general election held in 2005, however, resulted in a clear majority (72 seats out of 128) being won by the alliance led by Saad Hariri (son of murdered former Prime Minister Rafik Hariri); half of these were held by Hariri's own Current for the Future.
Additionally, Hezbollah won 14 seats .
The system of multi-member constituencies has been criticized over the years by many politicians, who claim that it is easy for the government to gerrymander the boundaries. The Baabda-Aley constituency, established for the 2000 election, is a case in point: the predominantly Druze area of Aley (in the east of Beirut) were combined, in a single constituency, with the predominantly Christian area of Baabda. The same thing happens in the South, meaning that although several seats within the constituency are allocated to Christians, they have to appeal to an electorate which is predominantly Muslim. Many opposition politicians, mostly Christians, have claimed that the constituency boundaries were extensively gerrymandered in the elections of 1992, 1996, 2000, 2005 and 2009. There have also been calls for the creation of a single, country-wide constituency. Unless and until the myriad religious and political factions can agree on an alternative electoral system, the controversy is unlikely to be resolved, however, there is a chance that the new formed parliament could turn the system into a House of Lords and House of Pariament, aboloshing the Ta'ef Accord; however this seems unlikely, as the Western-backed ruling majority do not see the Doha Accord (an agreement by past Lebanese rivals to end the 2006-2008 crisis) to be essential or positive, as it is benefitial for the opposition in giving them veto power.
Category:Buildings and structures in Beirut Category:Politics of Lebanon Lebanon Category:Government of Lebanon Category:Buildings of the Lebanese government Lebanon
ar:مجلس النواب اللبناني cs:Národní shromáždění (Libanon) cy:Senedd Libanus de:Nationalversammlung (Libanon) fa:پارلمان لبنان fr:Assemblée nationale (Liban) id:Parlemen Lebanon he:הפרלמנט הלבנוני nl:Nationale Vergadering (Libanon) pl:Zgromadzenie Narodowe (Liban) ru:Парламент Ливана zh:黎巴嫩国会This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
Coordinates | 39°44′21″N104°59′5″N |
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name | Chahid Ali Ammar |
birth date | 14 January 1930 |
birth place | Alanassir at Miliana, Algeria |
death date | 8 October 1957 |
death cause | after bombing by French paratroopers |
occupation | boxer and guerrilla during the Algerian war of liberation |
organization | FLN |
religion | Islam |
nationality | Algerian }} |
Ammar lived a life of petty crime and was serving a two-year prison sentence when war broke out in Algeria in 1954. Recruited in the notorious Barberousse prison by FLN militants, he became one of the FLN's most trusted and loyal lieutenants in Algiers. On December 28, 1956, he assassinated the Mayor of Algiers, Amedee Froger.
Late in 1957 the FLN leadership had been systematically isolated and eliminated by French paratroopers led by Colonel Yves Godard using interrogation with torture. Saadi Yacef ordered the leadership to hide in separate addresses within the Casbah; Yacef was captured on September 24. Ali la Pointe and two companions, Hassiba Ben Bouali and 'le petit Omar', held out in hiding until 8 October. Tracked down by paras acting on a tip-off from an informer, Ali La Pointe was given the chance to surrender but refused, whereupon he, his companions, and the house in which he was hiding were bombed by French paratroopers. In all, 20 Algerians were killed in the blast.
This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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