The grave accent ( ` ) (
/ˈɡreɪv/ or UK /ˈɡrɑːv/) is a diacritical mark used in written Breton, Catalan, Corsican, Dutch, French, Greek (until 1982; see polytonic orthography), Italian, Macedonian, Mohawk, Norwegian, Occitan, Portuguese, Ligurian, Scottish Gaelic, Vietnamese, Welsh, Romansh, and other languages.
The grave accent was first used in the polytonic orthography of Ancient Greek to mark a lower pitch than the high pitch of the acute accent. In modern practice, it is used to replace an acute accent in the last syllable of a word when the word is followed immediately by another word in the sentence.
Originally, however, the grave marked any syllable that was not marked with an acute or circumflex. This practice was soon given up for the less laborious one of marking only the last syllable.
Since Modern Greek has a stress accent instead of a pitch accent, both the grave and circumflex have been replaced with an acute accent in the modern monotonic orthography.
The grave accent marks the stressed vowel of a word in Catalan and Italian.
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In computing, a newline, also known as a line break or end-of-line (EOL) marker, is a special character or sequence of characters signifying the end of a line of text. The name comes from the fact that the next character after the newline will appear on a new line—that is, on the next line below the text immediately preceding the newline. The actual codes representing a newline vary across operating systems, which can be a problem when exchanging text files between systems with different newline representations.
There is also some confusion whether newlines terminate or separate lines. If a newline is considered a separator, there will be no newline after the last line of a file. The general convention on most systems is to add a newline even after the last line, i.e. to treat newline as a line terminator. Some programs have problems processing the last line of a file if it is not newline terminated. Conversely, programs that expect newline to be used as a separator will interpret a final newline as starting a new (empty) line.
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