Kangeyam VS Umblachery Breed Why Kangeyam best for pulling loads -Naamalvar 15Jan2014 Related Info ABSTRACT Fifty randomly selected Umblachery and Kangayam cattle were used. Out of nine random primers tested five random primers ILO 1127, ILO 526, ILO 868, ILO 876 and BG 85 yielded amplification with genomic DNA samples. In Umblachery, primers ILO 1127, ILO 526, ILO 876 have the ability to amplify more bands such as 9, 8 and 10 where as ILO 868 and BG 85 gave only 4 bands. All the primers except BG 85 produced polymorphic bands. In the same way, in Kangayam breed, all primer except BG 85 produced more bands (6 to 12) and the numbers of polymorphic bands are two in ILO 1127, three in ILO 526 and one in all other three primers. All the five primers revealed band sharing within and between breeds. The frequency varied in Umblachery from 0.06 to 0.118 with respect to primers ILO 526 and ILO 876 whereas in Kangayam it varied from 0.07 to 0.2665 with respect to primers ILO 526 and ILO 876 respectively. The highest APD value between these two breeds obtained was 88.00 with ILO 868 and the lowest value of 50 with ILO 876.The MAPD between these two breeds was estimated to be 74.93 indicating these two breeds differed at 74.9% of loci amplified by a group of five random primers. Key Words: Umblachery, Kangayam, Cattle Breed, RAPD, BSF, MAPD INTRODUCTION Indian breeds of cattle are specifically adapted to different agro-climatic conditions and are known for resistance against many diseases. However, these traits of indigenous breeds could not be exploited in the crossbreeding programme. Further unplanned breeding practices have resulted in large population of crossbreds whose level of inheritance is unknown. Genetic traits like disease resistance and heat tolerance have been substantially reduced. At present, the recognised cattle breeds are facing the threats of genetic dilution, which may further results in genetic extinction. Genetic characterization of this germ plasm and their subsequent conservation is of vital importance. The primary aim of characterization strategy is to estimate differentiation of population within species, information on genetic polymorphism, and genetic diversity in each species and to evaluate the change in variation in species over a period (Kantanen et al., 1995). Breed characterization requires information on genetic variation that can be effectively measured within as well as between populations. The DNA markers are very effective in estimating within as well as between population genetic variability in view of detecting high polymorphism as compared to other genetic markers such as biochemical and /or cytogenetics markers. Among DNA markers, Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers are receiving more attention because of simple, time and cost effective assay and ability to detect high polymorphism. The basic strategy involves the PCR amplification of random fragments of genomic DNA with single or multiple primers of arbitrary sequences. Umblachery and Kangayam cattle are draught purpose breed. Umblachery is a well known draught breed of Thanjavur, Thiruvarur and Nagapattinam districts in eastern parts of Tamilnadu state in South India. This breed is a outcome of selection for short stature, suitable for work in marshy rice fields of Cauvery delta region (Thangaraju et al., 2001). Umblachery is a medium sized cattle and has compact body and short legs; calves are red or brown in colour at birth. Red colour begins to change to grey at 3 to 4 monthsof age. Total grey colour attained even at the age of one year. Bulls are dark grey with black patches on head, back and pelvis. Bullocks are in grey in colour with dark extremities; white star at forehead, white tail twitch and white socks marks in the legs are specific characteristics of this breed (ICAR-NBAGR Network Project Survey Unit, 1999). The Kangayam breed of cattle of Tamil Nadu is best known for its superior draught qualities, adaptation to poor nutrition and longevity (Kandasamy, 2001). Kangayam bullocks are mainly used for transport of agricultural produce and for agricultural operations. The bullocks have been identified as high power animals with maximum power availability of 0.8 hp per pair of bullocks (Surendrakumar, 1988). We have made an attempt to study the genetic divergence between these two breeds using RAPD-PCR markers.

• published: 15 Jan 2014
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