Gold(III) fluoride

Gold(III) fluoride, AuF₃, is an orange solid that sublimes at 300 °C. It is a powerful fluorinating agent.

Preparation

AuF₃ can be prepared by reacting AuCl₃ with F₂ or BrF₃.

Structure

The crystal structure of AuF₃ consists of spirals of square-planar AuF₄ units.

References

Éder (Italian footballer)

Éder Citadin Martins, simply known as Éder (born 15 November 1986), is a Brazilian-born Italian professional footballer who plays as a striker for Italian club Internazionale, on loan from Sampdoria, and for the Italian national team.

A Brazilian of Italian descent, he made his debut for Italy in March 2015, and scored two goals in their successful qualification campaign for UEFA Euro 2016.

Club career

Frosinone

Éder signed for Frosinone in a co-ownership deal for a fee of €600,000 in June 2008 following a loan spell during the second half of the 2007–08 Serie B season.

Return to Empoli

Empoli bought back Éder from Frosinone in June 2009 for €2.42 million following an impressive Serie B season from the striker. He scored 4 goals in one Serie B game on 15 April 2010, two of which were penalties, in a 5–2 victory for Empoli over Salernitana.

Brescia

On 20 August 2010, he signed a 1+4 year contract with Serie A newcomers Brescia, for an undisclosed fee, meaning that Éder would join Brescia on loan for the first year. Brescia later revealed in its financial report that the loan fee was €1.8 million.

USGS DEM

The USGS DEM standard is a geospatial file format developed by the United States Geological Survey for storing a raster-based digital elevation model. It is an open standard, and is used throughout the world. It has been superseded by the USGS's own SDTS format but the format remains popular due to large numbers of legacy files, self-containment, relatively simple field structure and broad, mature software support.

DEM Level

A USGS DEM can be classified into one of four levels of quality. This is due to the multiple methods of data collection, and certainty in the data.

Format Structure

The USGS DEM format is a self-contained (single file) set of ASCII-encoded (text) 1024-byte (1024 ASCII chars) blocks that fall into three record categories called A, B, and C. There is no cross-platform ambiguity since line ending control codes are not used, and all data including numbers is represented in readable text form. There is no known binary analogue of the format, although it is common practice to compress the files with gzip.

Spur (lunar crater)

Spur is a feature on Earth's Moon, a crater in the Hadley–Apennine region. Astronauts David Scott and James Irwin visited it in 1971, on the Apollo 15 mission, during EVA 2. Spur was designated Geology Station 7.

Spur is located on the north slope of Mons Hadley Delta, about 200 m above the plain to the north. It is east of the much larger St. George crater, and about 5 km south of the Apollo 15 landing site itself.

The astronauts found the "Genesis Rock", sample 15415, at Spur. The sample contains a large clast of anorthosite, and Dave Scott said "Guess what we just found! I think we found what we came for" as he examined the sample. They also found samples 15445 and 15455, so-called black and white breccias, which are thought to be impact melt breccia resulting from the Imrbrium basin impact event.

The crater was named by the astronauts, and the name was formally adopted by the IAU in 1973.

Gallery of Samples

15415, the Genesis rock

15415, the Genesis rock

15445, black and white breccia

Typeface anatomy

Typeface anatomy describes the graphic elements that make up printed letters in a typeface.

The strokes of a letter are the lines that make it up. Strokes may be straight, as in k l v w x z, or curved, as in c o s. If straight, they may be horizontal, vertical, or diagonal; if curved, open or closed. Typographers also speak of an instroke, where one starts writing the letter, as at the top of a c f, and an outstroke, where the pen leaves off, as at the bottom of c e j k t y.

Typefaces are born from the struggle between rules and results. Squeezing a square about 1% helps it look more like a square; to appear the same height as a square, a circle must be measurably taller. The two strokes in an X aren't the same thickness, nor are their parallel edges actually parallel; the vertical stems of a lowercase alphabet are thinner than those of its capitals; the ascender on a d isn't the same length as the descender on a p, and so on. For the rational mind, type design can be a maddening game of drawing things differently in order to make them appear the same.

Spur route

A spur route is a usually short road forming a branch from a longer, more important route (typically a major road, freeway, Interstate Highway, or motorway). A bypass or beltway is never considered a true spur route as it typically reconnects with another or the same major road. Both loops and spurs can be forms of special route.

Canada

Ontario

In the province of Ontario, most spur routes are designated as A or B, such as Highway 17A, or 7B. A stands for "Alternate Route", and usually links a highway to a town's central core or main attraction, while B stands for "Business Route" or "Bypass", but are used when a main highway is routed around a town and away from its former alignment. The designation of "C" was used twice (Highway 3C and 40C), and is assumed to mean "Connector". Both highways have long since been retired and are now county roads. There was also one road with the D designation (Highway 8D, later the original Highway 102), and this may have stood for "Diversion", as it was along the first completed divided highway in Canada at the time (Cootes Drive in Hamilton).