The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics or IBGE (Portuguese: Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística), is the agency responsible for statistical, geographic, cartographic, geodetic and environmental information in Brazil. The IBGE performs a national census every ten years, and the questionnaires account for information such as age, household income, literacy, education, occupation and hygiene levels.

The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics is a public foundation of the Brazilian federal administration, created in 1934-1936 under the name National Institute of Statistics. Its founder and chief proponent was the statistician Mário Augusto Teixeira de Freitas. The current name dates from 1938. The IBGE's headquarters is located in city of Rio de Janeiro which is in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Its current president is Eduardo Pereira Nunes.

The IBGE is an institution of the Federal Government, constituted a public foundation by Decree Law No. 161 of February 13, 1967, and is bound to the Brazilian Department of Planning, Budget and Management. It has four directors and two other central organs.