Campari

Type	Bitters
Manufacturer	Campari Group
Country of origin	Italy
Alcohol by volume	20.5 – 28%
Colour	Red
Flavour	Bitter, spicy and sweet
Website	http://www.campari.com/

Campari is an alcoholic apéritif (20.5%, 21%, 25% or 28% ABV, depending on the country in which it is sold) obtained from the infusion of herbs and fruit (including chinotto and cascarilla) in alcohol and water. It is a bitters characterized by its dark red color.

Campari is often used in cocktails and is commonly served with soda water, wine, or citrus juice. It is produced by the Campari Group, a multi-national company based in Italy.

History[link]

The history of Campari began in 1860 with its invention by Gaspare Campari in Novara, Italy. It was originally coloured with carmine dye, derived from crushed cochineal insects, which gave the drink its distinctive red colour.

In 1904, Campari's first production plant was opened in Sesto San Giovanni, near Milan, Italy. The company required bars that bought Campari to display the Campari Bitters sign. Under the direction of Davide Campari, Gaspare's son, the company began to export the beverage, first to Nice in the heart of the French Riviera, then overseas. The Campari brand is now distributed in over 190 countries.

In the Italian market, Campari mixed with soda water is sold in individual bottles as Campari Soda (10% alcohol by volume). Campari Soda is packaged in a distinctive bottle that was designed by Fortunato Depero in 1932. Campari is said to have been the inspiration for other bitter sweet drinks such as Kinnie, produced in Malta since 1952.

Campari is an essential ingredient in the classic Negroni cocktail, the Garibaldi cocktail, and in the Americano, which was named at a time when few Americans were aware of Campari.

Awards[link]

Wine Enthusiast has reviewed Campari on a number of occasions, most recently giving it a score of "96-100" in 2011.^[1] Proof66 rates Campari among the Top 20 liqueurs in the world.^[2]

See also[link]

• Aperol
• Bitters
• Cinzano
• Cynar
• Fernet

References[link]

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2009)

External links[link]

• Campari website
• History of Campari

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Joel Schumacher
Schumacher in Taormina during the Taormina Film Fest in 2003, for the Italian premiere of Phone Booth
Born	Joel T. Schumacher (1939-08-29) August 29, 1939 (age 72) New York City, New York, U.S.
Nationality	American
Education	Parsons The New School for Design
Alma mater	University of California, Los Angeles
Occupation	Director, screenwriter, producer
Years active	1972–present
Notable work(s)	The Lost Boys, Falling Down, Batman Forever, Batman & Robin, A Time to Kill, 8mm, Tigerland, Phone Booth

Joel T. Schumacher (born August 29, 1939) is an American film director, screenwriter, and producer.

Early life[link]

Schumacher was born in New York City, the son of Marian (née Kantor) and Francis Schumacher.^[1] His mother was a Swedish Jew, and his father was a Baptist from Knoxville, Tennessee, who died when Joel was four years old.^[2] Schumacher studied at Parsons The New School for Design and The Fashion Institute of Technology in New York.^[3] After first working in the fashion industry, he realized his true love was in filmmaking. He moved out to Los Angeles, where he began his media work as a costume designer in films such as Sleeper and developed his skills with television work while earning an MFA from UCLA. He wrote the screenplay for the 1976 low-budget hit movie Car Wash and a number of other minor successes. He also wrote 1978's The Wiz, an adaptation of the stage play of the same name. His film directorial debut was The Incredible Shrinking Woman in 1981, which starred Lily Tomlin, and he quickly made more successful films, including two "brat pack" works.

Career[link]

The Brat Pack[link]

St. Elmo's Fire and The Lost Boys, considered to be archetypal movies of the 1980s, were two of Schumacher's biggest hits. Their style impressed audiences and their financial success allowed studios to trust him with ever larger projects. He states in the director's commentary for St. Elmo's Fire that he resents the "Brat Pack" label, as he feels it misrepresents the group.

John Grisham[link]

Schumacher has also directed two adaptations of the books of John Grisham, The Client (1994) and A Time to Kill (1996), the latter as the personal choice of Grisham.

Batman[link]

This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2011)

Schumacher later replaced Tim Burton as the director of the Batman film franchise due to the reaction by parental groups to Batman Returns (1992). He directed Batman Forever (1995), replacing Michael Keaton with Val Kilmer; the film would go on to score the highest-grossing opening weekend of 1995, and would finish as the second highest-grossing film of the year.

Inspired by this success, Warner Bros hired Schumacher to direct a sequel, Batman & Robin, in 1997. But after scathing reviews and a drop in ticket sales from the first film, Warner Bros put the series of movies on hiatus, canceling Schumacher's next planned Batman movie Batman Triumphant. On the DVD commentary, Schumacher has admitted that his movie disappointed fans of darker Batman adaptations, saying that the film was made intentionally marketable (or "toyetic") and kid-friendly. He claims to have been under heavy pressure from the studio to do so; however, he admits full responsibility and, at one point, apologizes to any fans who were disappointed. Schumacher, however, is a devoted Batman fan himself and actually would have personally preferred an adaptation of the comic Batman: Year One.^[4]

Schumacher also served as the director for the music videos of two songs appearing in the franchise, "Kiss from a Rose", by Seal and "The End Is the Beginning Is the End" by The Smashing Pumpkins (co-directed with Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris).

Post-Batman career[link]

After back-to-back Grisham and Batman films, Schumacher decided to reinvent his career with darker, lower-budget fare like 8MM with Nicolas Cage, and Flawless with Robert De Niro. 8MM was entered into the 49th Berlin International Film Festival.^[5]

In 1999, Schumacher also directed the music video for "Letting the Cables Sleep" by English rock band Bush. In 2000, Schumacher directed the Vietnam-era boot camp drama Tigerland, which introduced Hollywood to a young Colin Farrell. Kirk Honeycutt of The Hollywood Reporter praised the film as such: "Tigerland lands squarely in the top tier of best movies about America's Vietnam experience."

Schumacher returned to big-budget Hollywood with Bad Company starring Anthony Hopkins and Chris Rock. The film was originally slated to be released in November 2001 but because of the September 11 attacks, it was pushed back to the summer of 2002 because of its theme about terrorist attacks in New York City. The film was panned by most critics and was a box office failure. In 2003, he released the controversial Phone Booth, which reteamed Schumacher with Farrell. The film was also delayed months not only due to 9/11, but later, the Beltway sniper attacks. It received generally positive reviews, earning a 71 percent "Fresh" rating on the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes.^[6] Buoyed by Farrell's recently new-found fame, the film would earn $98.7 million worldwide.

In 2002, he directed Cate Blanchett in the Jerry Bruckheimer-produced biopic Veronica Guerin. It is about the eponymous Irish journalist, who was murdered by drug dealers in 1996.

Schumacher directed a film version of the musical The Phantom of the Opera in 2004, an adaptation of Andrew Lloyd Webber's original stage musical. Despite mixed reviews, the film earned $154.6 million worldwide (Schumacher's biggest hit of the 21st Century to date) and was nominated for three Academy Awards, as well as three Golden Globes including Best Motion Picture-Musical or Comedy.

The director has since filmed The Number 23, which was a critical flop but a financial success.

His next project was the vampire thriller Blood Creek, which filmed in the spring of 2007 in rural Romania. It took a limited release.

In August 2008, Schumacher directed the music video for American rock band Scars on Broadway, for their upcoming single "World Long Gone".^[7]

October 2011 saw a limited release for Schumacher's latest, Trespass. The action-thriller reunited Schumacher with stars Nicole Kidman and Nicolas Cage.^[8]

He was slated to next direct the film The Hive, but left the project for an undisclosed reason, replaced by Brad Anderson.^[9]

Sexuality[link]

Schumacher has been openly gay through most of his career.^[10] In Liz Smith's memoir, Natural Blonde, she states that "He called himself 'A Sexual Outlaw'".

Batman Forever, and to an even greater degree its 1997 sequel Batman & Robin, generated controversy for what fans considered to be homo-erotic innuendos.^[11]

Recurring collaborators[link]

Schumacher often casts the same actors in different films. Kiefer Sutherland, Colin Farrell, Shea Whigham are among his more frequent acting collaborators.

Harry Gregson-Williams often composes the music for his movies and Mark Stevens often serves as editor.

Actors and actresses[link]

Actor	The Incredible Shrinking Woman (1981)	D.C. Cab (1983)	The Lost Boys (1987)	Flatliners (1990)	Dying Young (1991)	Falling Down (1993)	The Client (1994)	Batman Forever (1995)	A Time to Kill (1996)	Batman & Robin (1997)	8MM (1999)	Flawless (1999)	Tigerland (2000)	Bad Company (2002)	Phone Booth (2002)	Veronica Guerin (2003)	The Phantom of the Opera (2004)	The Number 23 (2007)	Blood Creek (2009)	Twelve (2010)	Trespass (2011)
Karina Arroyave						N						N
Arian Ash													N		N
Chris Bauer											N	N
Patricia Belcher				N														N
Nicolas Cage											N										N
Jim Carrey								N										N
Michael Paul Chan						N		N		N
Lynn Collins																		N	N
John Diehl						N	N		N
John Enos III												N			N
Colin Farrell													N		N	N
Maile Flanagan															N			N
Brenda Fricker									N							N
John Glover	N									N
Michael Gough								N		N
Beth Grant				N					N
Anthony Heald							N		N		N
Ciarán Hinds																N	N
Pat Hingle								N		N
Doug Hutchison									N	N
Chris Huvane													N		N
Tommy Lee Jones							N	N
Nicky Katt									N	N
Nicole Kidman								N													N
Tory Kittles													N		N
James MacDonald													N		N
Jim McMullan	N									N
Gerard McSorley																N			N
Emily Meade																				N	N
Amy Morton						N					N
Benjamin Mouton				N		N			N
Chris O'Donnell								N		N
Oliver Platt				N					N
Julia Roberts				N	N
Luis Saguar											N	N
Elizabeth Sanders								N		N
Kimberly Scott				N		N	N	N		N
Peter Stormare											N			N
Kiefer Sutherland			N	N					N						N					N
Nico Tortorella																				N	N
Shea Whigham													N	N					N
Bob Zmuda		N																N

Film crew[link]

• Andrzej Bartkowiak - Cinematographer
• Robert Brown - Editor
• Jerry Bruckheimer - Producer
• David Buckley - Composer
• Aaron Cooley - Producer
• Marion Dougherty - Casting Director
• Mali Finn - Casting Director
• Beau Flynn - Producer
• Stephen Goldblatt - Cinematographer
• Elliot Goldenthal - Composer
• Akiva Goldsman - Screenwriter
• Harry Gregson-Williams - Composer
• James Newton Howard - Composer
• Jessica Kelly - Casting Director
• Ted Kurdyla - Producer
• Andrew Laws - Production Designer
• Matthew Libatique - Cinematographer
• Barbara Ling - Production Designer
• Marci Liroff - Casting Director
• Peter Macgregor-Scott - Producer
• Benjamin Melniker - Producer
• Arnon Milchan - Producer
• Eli Richbourg - Second Unit Director/Producer
• Jan Roelfs - Production Designer
• Suzanne Smith - Casting Director
• Mark Stevens - Editor
• Michael Uslan - Producer
• Dennis Virkler - Editor

Filmography[link]

Director[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Joel Schumacher

• Joel Schumacher at the Internet Movie Database
• Joel Schumacher interview

Julien Doré
Julien Doré
Background information
Birth name	Julien Doré
Born	(1982-07-07) July 7, 1982 (age 29) Alès, Gard, France
Genres	Pop Folk Alternative rock
Occupations	Singer-songwriter
Labels	Sony BMG
Website	Official website

Julien Doré (born July 7, 1982) is a French singer, winner of the fifth season of the television show Nouvelle Star, aired on the French Television M6 channel.

He is also the great-great-great-nephew of Gustave Doré, a well-known illustrator of the 19th century.

Life[link]

Doré was born in Alès (Gard, and grew up in Lunel. After taking his baccalauréat littéraire at the college Louis Feuillade, he attended the École des Beaux-Arts of Nîmes for five years. He is the founder of the group Dig up Elvis, with which he played in the bars of Nîmes. At that time, beer was the currency in which he was paid. In 2006, he created with Guillaume de Molina the project "The Jean d'Ormesson disco suicide", "protean group" which covered pop and disco hits. In June 2007, Doré was voted #1 in French Elle Magazine's "15 Sexiest Men" poll. He used to date Louise Bourgoin (ex-TV presenter on Canal+ channel) but they have been separated since March 2009.

New Star[link]

Doré was selected at the time of the casting in Marseille, where he presented himself with a ukulele. At the beginning, he only participated in the casting to get free publicity for his band. He convinced the jury when he sang "A la faveur de l'automne" (originally by Tété). His most memorable performances and revelations were while singing "Moi... Lolita" (Alizée) and "...Baby One More Time" (Britney Spears), dance music songs, in acoustics. He won the finale against Tigane.

Discography[link]

Singles[link]

Albums[link]

Les Limites was released on June 16, 2008 worldwide and on March 31, 2008 in France. On Perez Hilton's celebrity gossip blog, the music video made its world premiere.

Musical Collaborations[link]

Doré performed the song Umbrella with French-Canadian artist Cœur de pirate live in many concerts. In 2009, he also recorded a duet with Cœur de Pirate of her song, "Pour un infidèle." A video was released to promote the song, showing the two as a 1960's-era celebrity couple.^[3]

Also in 2009, Doré recorded the song "Helsinki" with French singer Mélanie Pain.

Doré also collaborated with French chanteuse Sylvie Vartan on her 2010 album release, Soleil bleu.^[4]

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Julien Doré

• M6 website
• His band Dig up Elvis
• His band Dig up Elvis (myspace official page)
• His band Jean d'Ormesson's (myspace official page

Uma Thurman
Uma Thurman in 2011
Born	Uma Karuna Thurman (1970-04-29) April 29, 1970 (age 42) Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
Occupation	Actress, model
Years active	1987–present
Spouse	Gary Oldman (1990–1992) Ethan Hawke (1998–2004)
Partner	Arpad Busson
Children	Maya Thurman Hawke (b. 1998) Levon Green Hawke (b.2002)

Uma Karuna Thurman (born April 29, 1970) is an American actress and model. She has performed in leading roles in a variety of films, ranging from romantic comedies and dramas to science fiction and action movies. She received an Academy Award nomination for the Quentin Tarantino film Pulp Fiction (1994) and she won a Golden Globe Award for her performance in Hysterical Blindness (2002).

Early life[link]

Thurman was born in Boston to Nena von Schlebrügge and Robert Thurman, and grew up mostly in Amherst, Massachusetts, where she went to Amherst Regional Middle School, and then moved to Woodstock, New York. Her father gave his children a Buddhist upbringing, and she is named after an Dbuma Chenpo (in Tibetan, the "db" is silent; from Mahamadhyamaka in Sanskrit, meaning "Great Middle Way"). Regarding religion, she now calls herself agnostic.^[1] She has three brothers, Ganden (b. 1968), Dechen (b. 1973), and Mipam (b. 1978), and a half-sister named Taya (b. 1960), from her father's previous marriage. She and her siblings spent time in Almora, Uttarakhand, India, during childhood, and the Dalai Lama sometimes visited their home.^[2] She is described as having been an awkward and introverted girl who was teased for her tall frame, angular bone structure, enormous feet and unusual name (sometimes using the name “Uma Karen” instead of her birth name). When she was 10 years old, a friend's mother suggested a nose job.^[2] As a child, she suffered bouts of body dysmorphic disorder, which she discussed in an interview with Talk magazine in 2001.^[3] She attended Amherst Public Schools. In the 8th grade she discovered her love for acting. Talent scouts noticed her performance as Abigail in a production of The Crucible,^[4] and offered her the chance to act professionally. Thurman attended Northfield Mount Hermon School, an elite preparatory school in Massachusetts, before dropping out to pursue a career in acting.^[2][5]

Family background[link]

Thurman's father, Robert Alexander Farrar Thurman (b. August 3, 1941), was born in New York City, to Elizabeth Dean (Farrar), a stage actress, and Beverly Reid Thurman, Jr., an Associated Press editor and United Nations translator.^[6] Robert Thurman was professor of religion at Amherst College from 1973 to 1988, when he accepted a position at Columbia University, where he was a professor of Tibetan Buddhism.^[7]

Uma Thurman's mother, Nena von Schlebrügge, was a model born in Mexico City in 1941. Thurman's maternal grandfather was Colonel Baron Friedrich Karl Johannes von Schlebrügge, a German military officer who had become one of the senior Nazi spies in the Americas^[8] but who was also jailed by the Nazis for protecting Jewish friends.^[9] Thurman's maternal grandmother was Swedish-born Birgit Holmquist, from Trelleborg, who in 1930 modelled for a nude statue that overlooks the harbor of Smygehuk, Sweden (Birgit's father was Swedish and her mother was of German and Danish descent).^[10] Thurman's mother was introduced to LSD guru Timothy Leary by Salvador Dalí and became Leary's third wife in 1964. She wed Thurman's father in 1967.^{[citation needed]}

Career[link]

Early work (1987–1989)[link]

Thurman began her career as a fashion model at age 15,^[11] and signed with the agency Click Models. Her modeling credits included Glamour, the December 1985 supplement cover of Vogue and the May 1985 cover of British Vogue when she was only 15 years old.^[12] She made her movie debut in 1988, appearing in four films that year. Her first two were the high school comedy Johnny Be Good and the teen thriller Kiss Daddy Goodnight. She appeared in The Adventures of Baron Munchausen, playing the goddess Venus alongside Oliver Reed's Vulcan; during her entrance she briefly appears nude in a homage to Botticelli's The Birth of Venus. With a budget of $46 million and box office receipts of only $8 million, the film was a commercial failure.^[13] Her breakthrough came in her role as Cecile de Volanges in Dangerous Liaisons. At the time, she was insecure about her appearance, and fled to London for almost a year, during which she wore only loose, baggy clothing.^[12] She was praised by her co-star John Malkovich, who said of her, "There is nothing twitchy teenager-ish about her, I haven’t met anyone like her at that age. Her intelligence and poise stand out. But there's something else. She's more than a little haunted."^[14]

Career prominence (1990–1993)[link]

In 1990, Thurman co-starred with Fred Ward in the sexually provocative drama Henry & June, the first film to receive an NC-17 rating. Because of the rating, it never played in a wide release but critics embraced her. The New York Times wrote, “Thurman, as the Brooklyn-accented June, takes a larger-than-life character and makes her even bigger, though the performance is often as curious as it is commanding”.^[15] Her first starring role in a major production was Gus Van Sant's 1993 adaptation of Tom Robbins' Even Cowgirls Get the Blues. It was a critical and financial disappointment; Thurman was nominated for a Worst Actress Razzie. The Washington Post described her acting as shallow, writing that, "Thurman’s strangely passive characterization doesn’t go much deeper than drawling and flexing her prosthetic thumbs".^[16] She also starred opposite Robert De Niro in the drama Mad Dog and Glory, another box office disappointment. Later that year, she auditioned for Stanley Kubrick while he was casting a movie to be called Wartime Lies, which was never produced. Her agent said she described working with him as a "really bad experience."^[17]

1994–1998[link]

After Mad Dog and Glory, Thurman auditioned for Quentin Tarantino's Pulp Fiction, which grossed over $107 million on a budget of only $8 million.^[18] The Washington Post wrote that Thurman was "serenely unrecognizable in a black wig, [and] is marvelous as a zoned-out gangster's girlfriend."^[19] Thurman was nominated for the Best Supporting Actress Oscar the following year. She became one of Tarantino's favorite actresses to cast; he told Time magazine in 2003 that she was "up there with Garbo and Dietrich in goddess territory."^[20]