Fairchild Semiconductor International, Inc. is an American semiconductor company based in San Jose, California. Founded in 1957 as Fairchild Camera and Instrument (NYSE stock symbol FCI), it was a pioneer in transistor and integrated circuit manufacturing. After it was bought by Schlumberger and sold to National Semiconductor, Fairchild was spun out as an independent company again in 1997.

The company has locations in San Jose, California; South Portland, Maine; West Jordan, Utah; Mountaintop, Pennsylvania; Singapore; Bucheon, South Korea; Penang, Malaysia; Suzhou, China; and Cebu, Philippines; among others. A design center has been launched in Pune, India.

In 1956, William Shockley opened Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory as a division of Beckman Instruments in Mountain View, California; his plan was to develop a new type of "4-layer diode" that would work faster and have more uses than then-current transistors. At first he attempted to hire some of his former colleagues from Bell Labs, but none were willing to move to the West Coast or work with Shockley again. Instead he founded the core of the new company with what he considered the best and brightest graduates coming out of American engineering schools.