This article does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2007)

Gongsun Du (died 204) was a military general and warlord of the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history. He did not get the opportunity to really get into battle until Dong Zhuo seized power from Emperor Shao. Dong Zhuo, hoping to expand the empire, gave Gongsun Du the command to attack present-day Korea from across the sea. Du was successful in his attack and set up the Daifang and Lelang commanderies, among others.

Under another order of Dong Zhuo, Gongsun Du took over the Liaoning prefecture. This would be the beginning of the Gongsun power in the northeast. Gongsun Du would go on to send Gongsun Muo and Zhang Pi to present-day South Korea in an attempt to gain more land. In the ninth year of Jian'an (204), Gongsun Du died and his son Gongsun Kang took his position and controlled the far northeast.

Appointments and titles held[link]

• Commandery minor official (郡吏)
• Gentleman in the Imperial Secretariat (尚書郎)
• Inspector of Ji Province (冀州刺史)
• Administrator of Liaodong (遼東太守)
• General of Military Might (武威將軍)
• Marquis of Yongning (永寧鄉侯)

See also[link]

• List of people of the Three Kingdoms

Charlie Kubal, better known by his stage name wait what, is a San Francisco music producer specializing in mashups, most notable for his creation of the notorious xx. The album paired the music of Notorious B.I.G. with the debut album of The xx and was named "the best mashup album of 2010"^[1] by The Guardian . He has released three albums and performed with artists including Lil Wayne, Wiz Khalifa, Mötley Crüe, and Taking Back Sunday.^[2]

Early life[link]

Born in Palo Alto, California, Kubal began DJing at age 15 while attending Crystal Springs Uplands School in a suburb outside San Francisco, California, both playing in a band, Jubala and DJing parties. He began producing music when he moved to New York to attend Columbia University in 2004. While studying English Literature and Psychology there, he recorded and produced hip hop from his dorm room and hosted a hip hop show on WBAR college radio. Later, he took courses under Brad Garton and Terry Pender at the Columbia Computer Music Center with other Columbia musicians, including Reni Lane. Given 24-hour access to the 125th St. studio, he created his first sample-based tracks in 2008 in Digital Performer and later in Logic Pro.^[3]

The notorious xx[link]

Upon graduating in 2008, Kubal moved back to San Francisco, where he was employed at Google on the Calendar team and played a handful local shows before beginning work on the notorious xx in early 2010.^[4] He created the record over a period of three weeks in January 2010 while he was traveling, creating it on flights and airports while in Williamstown, Aspen, New Orleans, Zurich, London, Denver, Chicago and finally in his San Francisco apartment.^[5]

Following its release on March 25, 2010, the album attracted the attention of New York Magazine,^[6] Prefix Magazine,^[7]Sputnik,^[8] and The Guardian.^[9] Within ten days of the album's release, several of the tracks were voted to the top of The Hype Machine's^[10] popular chart and it received one million downloads.^[4] On April 6, 2010 he received a takedown request from Warner Music Group and was forced to remove official download links from his site.^[4]

This is real life (mixtape)[link]

Shortly after the takedown, he began work on material for a live set and a mixtape, eventually releasing this is real life on August 31, 2010. He asked fans to call and leave him voicemails at a Google Voice number (347-WTWHT-01)^[11] to be sampled on the record, and in two weeks received messages from dozens of countries that he cut up to create the intro and interludes on the mixtape. Additionally, he created the mixtape as a pay what you want project on Bandcamp, with all profits going to Dave Eggers' youth writing non-profit, 826 Valencia. As of September 2011, he'd raised $8500 for the organization.^[12]

The mixtape paired a number of hip hop artists with indie rock tracks in an A vs. B style, and included vocals from 50 Cent, DMX, Eminem, Jagged Edge, Jay-Z, Kanye West, Lil Wayne, Lord Tariq and Peter Gunz, Lupe Fiasco, Mase, Nas, Nelly, Obie Trice, P Diddy, Rihanna, Snoop Dogg, and The-Dream paired with instrumentals from Crystal Castles, DFA, Justice, LCD Soundsystem, Madonna, MGMT, MIA, Miike Snow, OneRepublic, Phoenix, Placebo, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Say Hi, Sleigh Bells, Something Corporate, The Big Pink, The Notwist, and The Swell Season.^[13]

To accompany the mixtape's release, he headlined a sold out show with fellow Google employee Hoodie Allen at Kimo's in San Francisco, marking the first time he incorporated drummer Will Paulus into the live show.

2010-11 touring[link]

In the week following the release of this is real life, he left Google to attend graduate school at the Stanford Graduate School of Business. While attending Stanford, he finished the year by performing in Toronto for Fashion Week, at a club in Kigali, Rwanda, and sold out another San Francisco warehouse show. In 2011 he played in Portland at Lewis & Clark College's Sunburn Music Festival with Astronautalis and Andrew Jackson Jihad,^[14] headlined Public Assembly in Brooklyn and bed supperclub in Bangkok, Thailand, and played all three days of The Bamboozle festival at Giants Stadium with Lil Wayne, Wiz Khalifa, Mötley Crüe, and Taking Back Sunday.

Nasd out and wait what wednesdays[link]

In September 2011, he lived in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil for a month^[15] before resuming second-year classes at Stanford, working with technology angel investors there.^[16] During this time, he also completed work on his third album, nasd out, featuring Nas's vocals with Washed Out's debut full-length, Within & Without. The album received positive critical praise, with blogs alternately calling it "another masterpiece"^[17] and "equally great [as the notorious xx]."^[18] Additionally, to celebrate the album's release he headlined a sold out album release show at Public Works in San Francisco with Capital Cities.^[19]

On November 7, 2011, he announced he'd be releasing a new track each Wednesday until the end of the year, dubbing the series wait what wednesdays. So far, the releases have included:^[20]

• 11/09/11: look at me right here (Chris Brown, Busta Rhymes, & Lil Wayne vs Skrillex)
• 11/16/11: bonfire for clay (Childish Gambino vs Bloc Party)
• 11/23/11: raconte-moi une histoire sur le ciel (Kanye West & Lupe Fiasco vs M83)
• 11/30/11: john in emerald hillz (Lil Wayne & Rick Ross vs 0SM)
• 12/07/11: dangerous and sound (Busta Rhymes vs Capital Cities)
• 12/14/11: father king's success (Jay-Z & Nas vs Emancipator)
• 12/21/11: two words: night call (Mos Def, Kanye West, & Freeway vs Kavinsky & Lovefoxxx)
• 12/28/11: take care of u (Drake vs Gil Scott-Heron & Jamie xx)
• 01/04/12: mouthful of diamonds from sierra leone (Kanye West vs Phantogram)
• 01/11/12: dreams of an american ant empire (Jay-Z vs Gorillaz & Little Dragon)
• 01/18/12: black cigarettes in the yellow theatre (Wiz Khalifa vs Two Door Cinema Club)
• 01/25/12: hey glass table girls (Cam'ron & Juelz Santana vs The Weeknd)
• 02/01/12: can't get enough now (J. Cole vs Mates of State)
• 02/08/12: happy up in these area codes (Ludacris & Nate Dogg vs Röyksopp)
• 02/15/12: don't trip for us (Trina & Lil Wayne vs Mackintosh Braun)
• 02/22/12: shooting stars without hands (Waka Flocka Flame, Wale & Roscoe Dash vs Bag Raiders)
• 02/29/12: money to bounce (Drake, Birdman & Lil Wayne vs MSTRKRFT & N.O.R.E.)
• 03/07/12: holla back maybe (Fabolous vs Carly Rae Jepsen)

Discography[link]

• the notorious xx (2010)
• this is real life (mixtape) (2010)
• nasd out (2011)

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official site of wait what
• wait what on Facebook
• wait what on Twitter

Gongsun Yue (died 191), was a younger cousin of the warlord Gongsun Zan during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history.

Biography[link]

Emperor Xian, held hostage by Dong Zhuo secretly sent Liu He (劉和) to appeal for help from Liu He's father, Liu Yu -- the governor of You Province. While traveling through Luyang, Liu He was held by Yuan Shu -- who used Liu He to extort troops and supplies from Liu Yu. Liu Yu complied against strong protest from Gongsun Zan. Afraid that Yuan Shu would hold a grudge against him, Gongsun Zan himself sent his cousin, Gongsun Yue, with 1000 troops and supplies to help Yuan Shu. This caused a rift between Liu Yu and Gongsun Zan.

When Sun Jian, who served under Yuan Shu, returned from Luoyang after defeating Dong Zhuo, Yuan Shao wrote to Zhou Yu to attack Yangcheng (modern Dengfeng, Henan) -- to cut Sun Jian off. Gongsun Yue then was ordered by Yuan Shu to help Sun Jian counter-attack. They won the battle, but Gongsun Yue was killed by a stray arrow. Gongsun Zan then used Gongsun Yue's death as the pretext to declare war on Yuan Shao.

In fiction[link]

In Luo Guanzhong's historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Gongsun Yue was sent as a messenger to demand that Yuan Shao split Ji Province (冀州) with Gongsun Zan, but was killed on his way home by Yuan Shao's army pretending to be Dong Zhuo's men.

See also[link]

• List of people of the Three Kingdoms

References[link]

• de Crespigny, Rafe. "To Establish Peace: being the Chronicle of the Later Han dynasty for the years 189 to 220 AD as recorded in Chapters 59 to 69 of the Zizhi tongjian of Sima Guang". Volume 1. Faculty of Asian Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra. 1996. ISBN 0-7315-2526-4.
• Luo, Guanzhong. Romance of the Three Kingdoms
• Sima, Guang. Zizhi Tongjian

Gongsun Zan
A Qing Dynasty illustration of Gongsun Zan.
Warlord of Han Dynasty
Born	(Unknown)
Died	199
Names
Simplified Chinese	公孙瓒
Traditional Chinese	公孫瓚
Pinyin	Gōngsūn Zàn
Wade-Giles	Kungsun Ts'an
Style name	Bogui (伯珪)

Gongsun Zan (died 199), style name Bogui (伯珪), a native of Liaoxi (遼西), was a warlord during the late Han Dynasty era of Chinese history.

Biography[link]

Not much is known of his early life but that he studied under Lu Zhi with Liu Bei. He was deployed by He Jin to quash rebellions in the north which he did successfully. Following a misunderstanding with his lord, Liu Yu, he attacked him and won control of the surrounding area; however, contrary to popular belief, he never formally received the title of prefect. During this time his former classmate Liu Bei came to serve him and got allocated the city of Pingyuan to defend.

Zhao Yun displays valor in front of Gongsun Zan

Two cousins now formed the power in China, Yuan Shao in the north in direct competition with Gongsun Zan and Yuan Shu. Following a disagreement between the two, Gongsun Zan formed an alliance with Yuan Shu and sent his nephew Gongsun Yue to help Yuan Shu's general Sun Jian retake Yangcheng. However, Gongsun Yue died in the campaign. Using this pretext, Gongsun Zan fought against Yuan Shao after a plan to gain Han Fu's lands went awry. However Gongsun Zan eventually lost this and committed suicide killing also his wife and son Gongsun Xu.

In fiction[link]

Gongsun was commander of a cavalry force and served on the northern and eastern frontiers of the Han Dynasty, fighting against various non Han Chinese peoples. In 191, Gongsun enlisted as part of the coalition against Dong Zhuo, the warlord who had seized power in Luoyang and held the emperor hostage, but used the opportunity to enlarge his territories. In late 191, Gongsun Zan appointed Zhao Yun as a general. Zhao Yun later joined another member of the attack on Dong Zhuo, Liu Bei who also served him at one point along with his comrades Guan Yu and Zhang Fei. Gongsun Zan and Liu Bei had known each other for years having studied together in their younger days. Throughout the 190s he fought a series of battles with the warlord Yuan Shao for control of north China, starting with the Battle of Jieqiao. He was defeated by Yuan in 199 in the Battle of Yijing and committed suicide by burning the pagoda he was on.

Gongsun Zan was known as "General of Baima" and renowned for his brigade of elite cavalry from Baima, made up completely of horses of pure white ("Baima" means "white horse" in modern Standard Mandarin Chinese). It seems he hit on the tactic of using all white horses in battle when he learned the barbarians he was then fighting against considered the animals sacred and would run from them instead of fighting.

Family[link]

• Son: Gongsun Xu

• Relatives:
  • Gongsun Yue
  • Gongsun Fan

Appointments and titles held[link]

• Imperial Charioteer (御車)
• Filial and Incorrupt (孝廉) - nominated candidate to be a Gentleman Cadet (郎)
• Chief Clerk of Liaodong (遼東長史)
• Prefect of Zhuo (涿令)
• Commandant of Cavalry (騎都尉)
• General of the Household (中郎將)
• Marquis of Du (都亭侯)
• General of Uplifting Martial Might (奮武將軍)
• General of the Vanguard (前將軍)
• Marquis of Yi (易侯)
• Inspector of You Province (幽州刺史) - self-claimed title

See also[link]

• List of people of the Three Kingdoms

This article does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2009)

Gongsun Yuan (died 238), style name Wenyi (文懿), was a warlord and vassal of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history.

Biography[link]

Gongsun Yuan was the son of the Han Dynasty warlord Gongsun Kang, who controlled Liaodong, Xuantu, Lelang and Daifang commanderies. Gongsun Kang became a vassal of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period. After Gongsun Kang's death, his younger brother Gongsun Gong succeeded him. In 228, Gongsun Yuan took control of the territories from his uncle Gongsun Gong.

Although Gongsun Yuan was nominally a vassal of the Cao Wei state, he considered switching allegiance to Cao Wei's rival Eastern Wu. Gongsun eventually yielded under pressure from the Cao Wei emperor Cao Rui. He killed the Eastern Wu delegates but some of them fled to Goguryeo. Eastern Wu attempted to ally with Goguryeo to launch a pincer attack on Gongsun, but Goguryeo eventually sided with Cao Wei as well.

In 237, Cao Rui felt insecure about Gongsun's influence in the northeast, so he sent Guanqiu Jian to lead an army of Chinese, Wuhuan and Xianbei troops to attack Gongsun, but the campaign was aborted due to floods. Gongsun proclaimed himself King of Yan (燕) and concluded an alliance with Eastern Wu. The following year, Sima Yi and Guanqiu Jian led a campaign against Gongsun. Gongsun was defeated and killed while his clan was exterminated. As a consequence, Liaodong and present-day northwest Korea became part of Cao Wei's territories.

See also[link]

• List of people of the Three Kingdoms

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