1979 Liberty Bowl

The 1979 Liberty Bowl, part of the 1979 bowl game season, took place on December 22, 1979, at Liberty Bowl Memorial Stadium in Memphis, Tennessee. The competing teams were the Tulane Green Wave and the Penn State Nittany Lions, each competing as a football independent. Penn State was victorious by a final score of 9–6.

Teams

Penn State

The 1979 Penn State squad finished the regular season with a record of 7–4 and losses against Texas A&M, Nebraska, Miami and Pittsburgh. The appearance marked the third for Penn State in the Liberty Bowl, and the school's 18th overall bowl game.

Tulane

The 1979 Tulane squad finished the regular season with a record of 9–2 and losses against Rice and West Virginia. The appearance marked the second for Tulane in the Liberty Bowl, and the school's sixth overall bowl game.

Game summary

References

2000 Liberty Bowl

The 2000 AXA Liberty Bowl was a postseason college football game played between the Colorado State Rams and the Louisville Cardinals on December 29, 2000, at Liberty Bowl Memorial Stadium in Memphis, Tennessee. Colorado State won the game 22–17; Colorado State running back Cecil Sapp, the game's MVP, ran for 160 yards and a touchdown, a career record.

References

1960 Liberty Bowl

The 1960 Liberty Bowl was a college football postseason bowl game that featured the Penn State Nittany Lions and the Oregon Ducks.

Background

Penn State was making their second straight Liberty Bowl appearance, while Oregon was appearing in a bowl game after a two year absence. 30 degree weather with three feet snowbanks made for a cold field.

Game summary

Hoak rushed for 61 yards on 9 carries for two touchdowns with 67 yards passing en route to being named MVP. Oregon's Dave Grayson ran for 93 yards on 10 carries

Aftermath

Oregon has not returned to the Liberty Bowl since this game while Penn State has returned just once, in 1979.

Shutdown (economics)

In economics, a firm will choose to implement a shutdown of production when the revenue received from the sale of the goods or services produced cannot even cover the fixed costs of production. In that situation, the firm will experience a higher loss when it produces, compared to not producing at all.

Technically, shutdown occurs if marginal revenue is below average variable cost at the profit-maximizing positive level of output. Producing anything would not generate revenue significant enough to offset the associated variable costs; producing some output would add losses (additional costs in excess of revenues) to the costs inevitably being incurred (the fixed costs). By not producing, the firm loses only the fixed costs.

Explanation

The goal of a firm is to maximize profits or minimize losses. The firm can achieve this goal by following two rules. First, the firm should operate, if at all, at the level of output where marginal revenue equals marginal cost. Second, the firm should shut down rather than operate if it can reduce losses by doing so.

Shutdown (song)

Information

Single from PSI

Like "Dead Battery" This single was released in two different versions.

Track listing

CD 1.

CD 2.

Promotional single.

Music video

Here the band are performing in a power station with CGI used in the final edit. Then during the bridge part of the song the band freeze for a moment and we see a man climbing a rope (possibly this man is J.S. Clayden). Then he falls off during the final moments of the song. And finally destroying their instruments in the end.

Shutdown (computing)

To shut down or power off a computer is to remove power from a computer's main components in a controlled way. After a computer is shut down, main components such as CPUs, RAM modules and hard disk drives are powered down, although some internal components, such as an internal clock, may retain power.

Implementations

Windows

In Microsoft Windows, a PC or server is shut down by selecting the Shutdown item from the Start menu on the desktop. Options include shutting down the system and powering off, automatically restarting the system after shutting down, or putting the system into stand-by mode. There is also a shutdown command that can be executed within a command shell window. shutdown.exe is the command-line shutdown application that can shut down the user's computer or another computer on the user's network.

Just like other operating systems, Windows has the option to prohibit selected users from shutting down a computer. On a home PC, every user may have the shutdown option, but in computers on large networks (such as Active Directory), an administrator can revoke the access rights of selected users to shut down a Windows computer. Nowadays there are many software utilities which can automate the task of shutting down a Windows computer, enabling automatic computer control. The Windows Shutdown website lists various software utilities to automate the task of shutting down.

Liberty

Liberty, in philosophy, involves free will as contrasted with determinism. In politics, liberty consists of the social and political freedoms enjoyed by all citizens. In theology, liberty is freedom from the bondage of sin. Generally, liberty seems to be distinct from freedom in that freedom concerns itself primarily, if not exclusively, with the ability to do as one wills and what one has the power to do; whereas liberty also takes into account the rights of all involved. As such, liberty can be thought of as freedom limited by rights, and therefore cannot be abused.

Philosophy

Philosophers from earliest times have considered the question of liberty. Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius (121–180 AD) wrote of "a polity in which there is the same law for all, a polity administered with regard to equal rights and equal freedom of speech, and the idea of a kingly government which respects most of all the freedom of the governed." According to Thomas Hobbes, "a free man is he that in those things which by his strength and wit he is able to do is not hindered to do what he hath the will to do" (Leviathan, Part 2, Ch. XXI).