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Granola is a breakfast food and snack food, popular in North America, consisting of rolled oats, nuts, honey, and sometimes puffed rice, that is usually baked until crisp. During the baking process the mixture is stirred to maintain a loose, breakfast cereal-type consistency. Dried fruits, such as raisins and dates, are sometimes added.

A bowl of granola.

Besides serving as food for breakfast and/or snacks, granola is also often eaten by those who are hiking, camping, or backpacking because it is lightweight, high in calories, and easy to store; these properties make it similar to trail mix and muesli. It is often combined into a bar form.

Granola is often eaten in combination with yogurt, honey, strawberries, bananas, milk, and/or other forms of cereal. It can also serve as a topping for various types of pastries and/or desserts.^{[citation needed]} Granola, particularly recipes that include flax seeds, is often used to improve digestion.

History[link]

An 1893 advertisement for Kellogg's Granola

The names Granula and Granola were trademarked terms in the late nineteenth century United States for foods consisting of whole grain products crumbled and then baked until crisp;^{[citation needed]} in contrast with the contemporary invention, muesli, which is traditionally not baked or sweetened. The name is now trademarked only in Australia. The trademark is owned by the Australian Health & Nutrition Association Ltd.'s Sanitarium Health Food Company.^[1].

Granula was invented in Dansville, New York, by Dr. Connor Lacey at the Jackson Sanitarium in 1894.^{[citation needed]} The Jackson Sanitarium was a prominent health spa that operated into the early twentieth century on the hillside overlooking Dansville.^{[citation needed]} It was also known as Our Home on the Hillside;^{[citation needed]} thus the company formed to sell Jackson's cereal was known as the Our Home Granula Company.^{[citation needed]} Granula was composed of Graham flour and was similar to an oversized form of Grape-Nuts.

A similar cereal was developed by John Harvey Kellogg.^{[citation needed]} It too was initially known as Granula, but the name was changed to Granola to avoid legal problems with Jackson.^{[citation needed]}

The food and name were revived in the 1960s, and fruits and nuts were added to it to make it a health food that was popular with the hippie movement. At the time, several people claim to have revived or re-invented granola. A major promoter was Layton Gentry, profiled in Time as "Johnny Granola-Seed".^[2] In 1964, Gentry sold the rights to a granola recipe using oats, which he claimed to have invented himself, to Sovex Natural Foods for $3,000.^{[citation needed]} The company was founded in 1953 in Holly, Michigan by the Hurlinger family with the main purpose of producing a concentrated paste of brewers yeast and soy sauce known as "Sovex."^{[citation needed]} Earlier in 1964, it had been bought by John Goodbrad and moved to Collegedale, Tennessee.^{[citation needed]} In 1967, Gentry bought back the rights for west of the Rockies for $1,500 and then sold the west coast rights to Wayne Schlotthauer of Lassen Foods in Chico, California for $18,000.^[2] Lassen was founded from a health food bakery run by Schlotthauer's father-in-law.^[3] The Hurlingers, Goodbrads, and Schlotthauers were all Adventists, and it is possible that Gentry was a lapsed Adventist who was familiar with the earlier granola.^{[citation needed]}

In 1972, Jim Matson, an executive at Pet Milk (later Pet Incorporated) of Saint Louis, Missouri, introduced Heartland Natural Cereal, the first major commercial granola.^[3] At almost the same time, Quaker introduced Quaker 100% Natural Granola.^{[citation needed]} Within a year, Kellogg's had introduced its "Country Morning" granola cereal and General Mills had introduced its "Nature Valley."^[4]

In 1974, McKee Baking (later McKee Foods), makers of Little Debbie snack cakes, purchased Sovex.^{[citation needed]} In 1998, the company also acquired the Heartland brand and moved its manufacturing to Collegedale.^{[citation needed]} In 2004, Sovex's name was changed to "Blue Planet Foods."^[5][6][7]

Granola bar[link]

Close-up of a granola bar showing the detail of its pressed shape.

"Granola bars" were invented by Stanley Mason^[8][9] and have become popular as a snack. Granola bars are usually identical to the normal form of granola in composition,^{[citation needed]} but differ vastly in shape: Instead of a loose, breakfast cereal consistency, granola bars are pressed and baked into a bar shape, resulting in the production of a more convenient snack. The product is most popular in the United States and Canada, parts of southern Europe, Brazil, South Africa and Japan.^{[citation needed]} Recently, Granola has begun to expand its market into India and other southeast Asian countries.^{[citation needed]}

A variety of the granola bar is the "chewy granola bar." In this form, the time during which the oats are baked is either shortened or cut out altogether; this gives the bar a texture that is chewier than that of a traditional granola bar.^{[citation needed]} Some manufacturers, such as Kellogg's, have been shown to prefer usage of the terms "cereal bar" and "snack bar" to refer to them.^{[citation needed]}

See also[link]

• Muesli
• Flapjack

Notes[link]

1. ^ "IP Australia Trademark#32227". http://pericles.ipaustralia.gov.au/atmoss/falcon_details.show_tm_details?p_tm_number=32227&p_detail=DETAILED. Retrieved 27 May 2012. 
2. ^ ^{a b} Time 1972
3. ^ ^{a b} Klein 1978
4. ^ Bruce 1995 p.244
5. ^ Blue Planet Foods, Inc. history, http://www.blueplanetfoods.net/history.htm, retrieved 2006-12-16 
6. ^ Mixson, Jm (Mar 2002), "Heartland History", Journal of the history of dentistry 50 (1): 35–9, ISSN 1089-6287, PMID 11944502, archived from the original on October 31, 2006, http://web.archive.org/web/20061031194247/http://www.heartlandbrands.com/AboutHeartland/History.htm, retrieved 2006-12-16 ^{[dead link]}
7. ^ McKee Foods Company History, http://www.mckeefoods.com/About%5Fus/Company%5FHistory/, retrieved 2006-12-16 
8. ^ Stanley Mason, 84, Prolific Inventor - January 19, 2006 - The New York Sun
9. ^ Inventor of the Week: Archive

References[link]

• "Johnny Granola-Seed", Time, March 6, 1972, http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,910236,00.html 
• Klein, Joe (February 23, 1978), "A Social History of Granola", Rolling Stone (259): 40–44 
• Bruce, Scott; Crawford, Bill (1995), Cerealizing America : The Unsweetened Story of American Breakfast Cereal, pp. 8, 21, 243–246 
• Recipe for Homemade Granola, http://www.cookipedia.co.uk/wiki/index.php/Homemade_granola 
• Homemade Granola Bar Recipe with step-by-step photos, http://www.joyfulabode.com/2008/04/11/homemade-granola-bar-recipe-no-high-fructose-corn-syrup-in-these-bars/ 

August
Born	(1981-09-13) September 13, 1981 (age 30)[1] Oxnard, California, U.S.[1]
Ethnicity	German American Mexican American
Height	5 ft 2 in (1.57 m)[1]
Weight	112 lb (51 kg)[1]
No. of adult films	301 (per IAFD)
Website
http://www.clubaugust.com/

August (born September 13, 1981)^[1] is the stage name of an American pornographic actress and nude model.

Personal life[link]

August is of German and Mexican descent. She was born in Oxnard, California^[1]. She was a cheerleader in high school and worked at a optician's office.

Career[link]

She entered the adult film industry in 2001 at the age of around 20; since then, she has appeared in over 300 movies.^[1]

Awards[link]

• 2004 AVN Award nominee – Best Sex Scene Coupling (Video)^[2]
• 2008 AVN Award nominee – Best Supporting Actress (Video)^[3]
• 2009 AVN Award nominee – Best Group Sex Scene – Oil Overload^[4]

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: August Night

Pornography portal

• Official website
• August on Myspace
• August at the Internet Movie Database
• August at the Internet Adult Film Database
• August at the Adult Film Database

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