:''For the vegetable sometimes called Chinese watercress, see
Ipomoea aquatica.
Watercresses (Nasturtium officinale, N. microphyllum; formerly Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum, R. microphylla) are fast-growing, aquatic or semi-aquatic, perennial plants native from Europe to central Asia, and one of the oldest known leaf vegetables consumed by human beings. These plants are members of the Family Brassicaceae or cabbage family, botanically related to garden cress and mustard — all noteworthy for a peppery, tangy flavour.
The hollow stems of watercress are floating, and the leaves are pinnately compound. Watercresses produce small, white and green flowers in clusters.
Nasturtium nasturtium-aquaticum (nomenclaturally invalid) and
Sisymbrium nasturtium-aquaticum L. are synonyms of
N. officinale.
Nasturtium officinale var
microphyllum (Boenn. ex Reich.) Thellung is a synonym of
N. microphyllum (ITIS, 2004). These species are also listed in some sources as belonging to the genus
Rorippa, although molecular evidence shows the aquatic species with hollow stems are more closely related to
Cardamine than
Rorippa.
Watercresses are not closely related to the flowers in the genus
Tropaeolum (Family
Tropaeolaceae), popularly known as "
nasturtiums".
Health benefits and cancer defense
Watercress contains significant amounts of
iron,
calcium and
folic acid, in addition to vitamins
A and
C. In some regions, watercress is regarded as a
weed, in other regions as an
aquatic vegetable or
herb. Watercress crops grown in the presence of
animal waste can be a haven for
parasites such as the
liver fluke Fasciola hepatica.
Many benefits from eating watercress are claimed, such as that it acts as a stimulant, a source of phytochemicals and antioxidants, a diuretic, an expectorant, and a digestive aid. It also appears to have antiangiogenic cancer-suppressing properties; it is widely believed to help defend against lung cancer. A 2010 study conducted by the University of Southampton found that consumption of watercress may also inhibit the growth of breast cancer. The PEITC content of watercress inhibits HIF, which can inhibit angiogenesis.
Due to its high iodine content, watercress has a strengthening effect on the thyroid gland, thus it is beneficial for sufferers of hypothyroidism.
In addition, watercress is a known inhibitor of the cytochrome P450 CYP2E1, which may result in altered drug metabolism for individuals on certain medications (e.g., chlorzoxazone).
Watercress cultivation
,
Hampshire]]
Cultivation of watercress is practical on both a large scale and a garden scale. Being semi-aquatic, watercress is well-suited to
hydroponic cultivation, thriving best in water that is slightly
alkaline. It is frequently produced around the headwaters of
chalk streams. In many local markets, the demand for hydroponically grown watercress exceeds supply. This is because, in part, cress
leaves are unsuitable for distribution in dried form, and can only be stored for a short period.
However (in the UK at least), the packaging used by supermarkets using sealed plastic bags under some internal pressure (a plastic envelope containing moisture and pressurised (inflated) to prevent crushing of contents) has allowed the distribution of watercress. This has allowed national availability with a once-purchased storage life of one to two days in chilled/refrigerated storage.
If unharvested, watercress can grow to a height of 50–120 cm. Also sold as sprouts, the edible shoots are harvested days after germination.
Like many plants in this family, the foliage of watercress becomes bitter when the plants begin producing flowers.
New Market, Alabama, was once known (in the 1940s) as the "Watercress Capital of the World" in America.
Watercress is often used in sandwiches, such as those made for afternoon tea.
Watercress is grown in a number of counties of the UK, most notably Hertfordshire, Hampshire, Wiltshire and Dorset, although the first commercial cultivation was along the River Ebbsfleet in Kent grown by William Bradbery (horticulturist) in 1808. Alresford, near Winchester, is often considered the watercress capital of Britain (to the extent that a steam railway line is named after the famous local crop). In recent years, watercress has become more widely available in the UK, at least in the South-East, being stocked pre-packed in some supermarkets, as well as fresh by the bunch at farmers' markets and greengrocers. Value-added products, such as the traditional watercress soup and pesto, are increasingly easy to source.
References
External links
Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (ITIS)
www.watercressfestival.org - The Alresford Watercress Festival
www.watercress.co.uk
www.watercress.com
www.watercressline.co.uk - The Watercress Line/Mid-Hants Railway
GLANSIS Species Fact Sheet
Category:Herbs
Category:Aquatic plants
Category:Brassicaceae
Category:Leaf vegetables
Category:Medicinal plants
Category:Flora of Pakistan
![Wild strawberries Early settlers relied on hunting, fishing and trapping, as well as foraging to supplement their diets and incomes.[27] Today hunting and fishing for recreation are common activities and an important part of the tourist industry](http://web.archive.org./web/20110804235424im_/http://cdn.wn.com/pd/0e/06/17bbed11f58f7fa05e4dad8a044a_grande.jpg "Wild strawberries Early settlers relied on hunting, fishing and trapping, as well as foraging to supplement their diets and incomes.[27] Today hunting and fishing for recreation are common activities and an important part of the tourist industry")
![Wild strawberries Early settlers relied on hunting, fishing and trapping, as well as foraging to supplement their diets and incomes.[27] Today hunting and fishing for recreation are common activities and an important part of the tourist industry](http://web.archive.org./web/20110804235424im_/http://cdn.wn.com/pd/0e/06/17bbed11f58f7fa05e4dad8a044a_thumb.jpg "Wild strawberries Early settlers relied on hunting, fishing and trapping, as well as foraging to supplement their diets and incomes.[27] Today hunting and fishing for recreation are common activities and an important part of the tourist industry")
