Los Caprichos are a set of 80
aquatint prints created by the Spanish artist
Francisco Goya in 1797 and 1798, and published as an album in 1799. The prints were an artistic experiment: a medium for Goya's condemnation of the universal follies and foolishness in the Spanish society in which he lived. The criticisms are far-ranging and acidic; he speaks against the predominance of
superstition, the ignorance and inabilities of the various members of the ruling class, pedagogical short-comings, marital mistakes, and the decline of
rationality. Some of the prints have
anticlerical themes. Goya described the series as depicting "the innumerable foibles and follies to be found in any civilized society, and from the common prejudices and deceitful practices which custom, ignorance, or self-interest have made usual".
The work was an enlightened, tour-de-force critique of 18th-century Spain, and humanity in general. The informal style, as well as the depiction of contemporary society found in Caprichos, makes them – and Goya himself – a precursor to the modernist movement almost a century later. The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters in particular has attained an iconic status.
Goya added brief explanations of each image to a manuscript now in the Prado; these help greatly to explain his often cryptic intentions, as do the titles printed below each image.
Goya's series, and the last group of prints in his series
The Disasters of War, which he called "caprichos enfáticos" ("emphatic caprices") are far from the spirit of light-hearted fantasy the term
caprice usually suggests in art.
History
Los Caprichos were withdrawn from public sale very shortly after their release in 1799. In 1803 Goya offered the
Caprichos' copper plates and the first edition's unsold sets to King
Carlos IV. Later in life Goya wrote that he had felt it prudent to withdraw the prints from circulation due to the
Inquisition.
Gallery
Notes
References
Albert Boime, A Social History of Modern Art. University of Chicago Press, 1991. ISBN 0-226-06335-6.
John J. Ciofalo, The Self-Portraits of Francisco Goya. Cambridge University Press, 2001.
External links
Caprichos (PDF in the Arno Schmidt Reference Library)
Translation of the 1799 Advertisement for sale of the series
Pruebas de estado
Category:1799 books
Category:1790s works
Category:Works by Francisco Goya
Category:Prints (art)
Category:Spanish art
Category:Satirical works
Category:Anti-clerical art