The Wayback Machine - http://web.archive.org./web/20130820013721/http://wn.com/VH1_Soul
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De La Soul Tribute Live at VH1 Hip Hop Honors 2008
Tonya Dyson (Interview & Performance) on Vh1 Soul
Jill Scott - Blessed (Official Video)
Rotimi - Forever (VH1 Soul Premiere)
The Black Crowes - Soul Singing  (VH1 Acoustic)
Jewel - Who Will Save Your Soul
VH1 Divas Soul
Mitchell Green VH1 Soul Commercial
Tabi Bonney Video
VH1 SOUL CITIES WITH NELSON GEORGE SIZZLE
VH1 Divas Celebrates Soul
VH1 soul

Vh1 Soul

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I let you put it in my mouth
I let it get under my skin
I let you put it in my veins
I let you take me from within
They tell us what we can and cannot do
Thinking is what I have this heard for
Well, I put you inside of me
But none of that matters anymore
Oh my God, can it go any faster?
Oh my God, I don't think I can last here
I am you and you are me
We will never be alone
I have finally found my place in everything
I have finally found my home
We can leave all the past behind
I can see right through the whole façade
I'm becoming something else
I am turning into God
Oh my God, can it go any faster?

Tudo é tão bom e azul
E calmo como sempre
Os olhos piscaram de repente
Um sonho
As coisas são assim
Quando se está amando
As bocas não se deixam
E o segundo não tem fim
Um dia feliz
Às vezes é muito raro
Falar é complicado
Quero uma canção
Fácil, extremamente fácil
Pra você, e eu, e todo mundo cantar junto
Fácil, extremamente fácil
Pra você, e eu, e todo mundo cantar junto
Tudo se torna claro
Pateticamente pálido
O coração dispara
Se eu vejo o teu carro
A vida é tão simples
Mas dá medo de tocar
As mãos se procuram sós
Como a gente mesmo quis
Um dia feliz
Às vezes é muito raro
Falar é complicado
Quero uma canção
Fácil, extremamente fácil
Pra você, e eu, e todo mundo cantar junto
Fácil, extremamente fácil
Pra você, e eu, e todo mundo cantar junto

and now i see that i’ve been here before
back when i asked the sea for more
and i was swept back to the shore
and now it’s clear that all through the years
it isn’t you i’ve feared
but just our vessels coming near
and if my vessel floats will you come aboard?
would you give it all, or just what you can afford?
waves flood our ears
we’ve wandered here for years
and now i see that
my body’s just a vessel
and now i see that
and should i see you at the junction

Tenerte siempre aquí
sola conmigo.
Tenerte junto a mi
ser mas que amigos.
Yo que pense
que iba a ser fácil, fácil
imaginé serias toda mía.
Amarte aquí, que seducción
quiero tenerte siempre aquí conmigo.
Amarte aquí, que situación
voy a robar tu corazón.
T u oportunidad
se dió conmigo
no estuvo nada mal
ser mas que amigos.
Más entre tu y yo
alguien apareció
todo cambio
también le dije:
Amarte aquí, que seducción
quiero tenerte siempre aquí conmigo
amarte aquí, que situación
voy a robar tu corazón.
Ten cuidado
voy a robar tu corazón
y por mas que me ruegues
no te dejare ni te olvidare
tu siempre seras mi amor
y nunca te olvidare
te AMO
y siempre te amare
MARY LUZ.

Yeah
Yeah
Paula, oww
Danger
Ser un poco jóven
Pero me sé divertir
Mira cómo los tengo
Hasta me hace reír
Cuando salgo de compras
Todos me quieren seguir
Todo lo que deseo
Me lo compran a mí
Yo sé que te gusto baby
Pero toma tu tiempo
No seas como ellos
Si tu tienes prisa dime
Dime a la hora yo me respeto
Mira como los tengo ya ves
Perdidos sólo en mi
Son débiles y tanta ill
No seas tan, tan fácil
No seas tan, tan fácil
No seas tan, tan fácil
Prefiero pensar que
Tú lo sabes mejor
No creo que pienses
Que soy tan fácil mi amor
Me gustas pero
No cometas el mismo error
Tendras que en realidad
Ganarte mi corazón
Yo sé que te gusto baby
Pero toma tu tiempo
No seas como ellos
Si tu tienes prisa dime
Dime a la hora yo me respeto
Mira cómo los tengo ya ves
Perdidos sólo en mi
Son débiles y tanta ill
No seas tan, tan fácil
No seas tan, tan fácil
No seas tan, tan fácil
No seas tan, tan fácil
No seas tan, tan fácil
I-am-Bow weezy
Lil' mama you so fine
What's it gon' take for you to be mine
Now let me upgrade ya
Don't listen to your friends they haters
And um them guys so lame
I'm way in biz they not the same
I am far from a beginner
Put some on your wrist code like winter
Pay no limit on the black cars
Anything you want baby it's yours
You now rollin' with the best baby
Plus I know how to treat you lady
They call me the modern day LL Cool J
All I do is write girl spells
Bow Weezy hot like a sauna me and Paula
Now everybody on us
Holla back
Mira como los tengo ya ves
Perdidos sólo en mi
Son débiles y tanta ill
No seas tan, tan fácil
No seas tan, tan fácil
No seas tan, tan fácil
(no, no, no, no, no)

Oh, oh, oh
Where's the...
Let go of the heart...
Let go, let go
The world...
Going deeper and deep...
Higher, higher, the love...
I'm concerned with these...
I go higher, oh, oh
Chorus:
And it's around everything
And it's around...
And it will take you the way..
..behind of you
You used to let oh, oh,
Chorus:
And it's around everything
And it's around...

Make changes yourself !



Tonya Dyson (Interview & Performance) on Vh1 Soul
  • Order:
  • Duration: 2:32
  • Updated: 21 Jun 2013
Tonya Dyson (Interview & Performance) on Vh1 Soul "Soul Cities" If we can agree that the legacy built by Stax Records christened Memphis Soulsville U.S.A., h...
http://web.archive.org./web/20130820013721/http://wn.com/Tonya Dyson (Interview & Performance) on Vh1 Soul "Soul Cities"
Jill Scott - Blessed (Official Video)
  • Order:
  • Duration: 3:46
  • Updated: 16 Aug 2013
2012 WMG. Jill Scott directs her new video for the track "Blessed." "Blessed" is featured on Jill's album "The Light of the Sun" Available Now: http://wbr....
http://web.archive.org./web/20130820013721/http://wn.com/Jill Scott - Blessed (Official Video)
Rotimi - Forever (VH1 Soul Premiere)
  • Order:
  • Duration: 3:59
  • Updated: 07 Aug 2013
This was my 3rd Nationally broadcast music video. Dp'd this video in August of 2010. Premiered on VH1 Soul on February 14th, 2011.
http://web.archive.org./web/20130820013721/http://wn.com/Rotimi - Forever (VH1 Soul Premiere)
The Black Crowes - Soul Singing  (VH1 Acoustic)
  • Order:
  • Duration: 4:36
  • Updated: 29 Jul 2013
An acoustic concert held in New York, 03/03/2008, for VH1. The set played went like this: 1.Sting Me 2.Goodbye Daughters of the Revolution 3.Soul Singing 4.L...
  • published: 18 Sep 2011
  • views: 55695
  • author: bastiduxxx
http://web.archive.org./web/20130820013721/http://wn.com/The Black Crowes - Soul Singing (VH1 Acoustic)
Jewel - Who Will Save Your Soul
  • Order:
  • Duration: 6:55
  • Updated: 16 Jul 2013
Live@VH1 Storytellers 1999.
  • published: 29 Oct 2012
  • views: 2022
  • author: GalCyborg
http://web.archive.org./web/20130820013721/http://wn.com/Jewel - Who Will Save Your Soul
VH1 Divas Soul
  • Order:
  • Duration: 0:30
  • Updated: 03 Oct 2012
VH1 - Divas Soul.
  • published: 07 Dec 2011
  • views: 1944
  • author: blocnyc
http://web.archive.org./web/20130820013721/http://wn.com/VH1 Divas Soul
Mitchell Green VH1 Soul Commercial
  • Order:
  • Duration: 0:31
  • Updated: 23 Jun 2013
Black History Month commercial I did in 2007 directed by Spike Lee.
http://web.archive.org./web/20130820013721/http://wn.com/Mitchell Green VH1 Soul Commercial "Know Your History"
Tabi Bonney Video
  • Order:
  • Duration: 4:24
  • Updated: 02 Jul 2013
DC's own Tabi Bonney's "You" a single off his current album "A Fly Guy's Theme". The can view the video on VH1 Soul, and soon to be MTV2 and VH1.
  • published: 31 Jul 2006
  • views: 93958
  • author: Sixeleven
http://web.archive.org./web/20130820013721/http://wn.com/Tabi Bonney Video "You"
VH1 SOUL CITIES WITH NELSON GEORGE SIZZLE
  • Order:
  • Duration: 0:36
  • Updated: 12 Aug 2013
Soul Cities with Nelson George A VH1 Soul Original Program 'Soul Cities' fuses elements of a travel show, music interview series, and personal essay into hal...
  • published: 03 Nov 2008
  • views: 4756
  • author: NANnetwork
http://web.archive.org./web/20130820013721/http://wn.com/VH1 SOUL CITIES WITH NELSON GEORGE SIZZLE
VH1 Divas Celebrates Soul
  • Order:
  • Duration: 3:21
  • Updated: 25 Jul 2013
Listen in as Mary J. Blige, Chaka Khan, Dolly Parton and more argue about which city has the most soul! Plus, hear why they support music in schools. For the...
http://web.archive.org./web/20130820013721/http://wn.com/VH1 Divas Celebrates Soul
VH1 soul
  • Order:
  • Duration: 0:36
  • Updated: 30 Jun 2012
czołówka dla VH1 polska. real.J.Kościuszko.
http://web.archive.org./web/20130820013721/http://wn.com/VH1 soul
Jennifer Hudson Talks To In Touch At The VH1 Divas Celebrates Soul In NYC
  • Order:
  • Duration: 3:52
  • Updated: 06 Jun 2012
Subscribe To In Touch Weekly's Official You Tube Channel And Go To InTouchWeekly.com For The Latest News On Your Favorite Celebrities!
http://web.archive.org./web/20130820013721/http://wn.com/Jennifer Hudson Talks To In Touch At The VH1 Divas Celebrates Soul In NYC
  • Order:
  • Duration: 1:00
  • Updated: 19 Dec 2011
Video link:http://online-video-buzz.info/xplay to watch full video "VH1 Divas" Celebrates Soul in NYC For FREE!!
  • published: 19 Dec 2011
  • views: 1277
  • author: pakmoulik
http://web.archive.org./web/20130820013721/http://wn.com/"VH1 Divas" Celebrates Soul in NYC


3:51
De La Soul Trib­ute Live at VH1 Hip Hop Hon­ors 2008
...
pub­lished: 01 Mar 2012
2:32
Tonya Dyson (In­ter­view & Per­for­mance) on Vh1 Soul "Soul Cities"
Tonya Dyson (In­ter­view & Per­for­mance) on Vh1 Soul "Soul Cities" If we can agree that the l...
pub­lished: 19 Oct 2009
3:46
Jill Scott - Blessed (Of­fi­cial Video)
2012 WMG. Jill Scott di­rects her new video for the track "Blessed." "Blessed" is fea­tured ...
pub­lished: 24 Apr 2012
au­thor: mis­sjillscott
3:59
Ro­ti­mi - For­ev­er (VH1 Soul Pre­miere)
This was my 3rd Na­tion­al­ly broad­cast music video. Dp'd this video in Au­gust of 2010. Premi...
pub­lished: 21 Apr 2011
4:36
The Black Crowes - Soul Singing (VH1 Acous­tic)
An acous­tic con­cert held in New York, 03/03/2008, for VH1. The set played went like this: ...
pub­lished: 18 Sep 2011
au­thor: bastiduxxx
6:55
Jewel - Who Will Save Your Soul
Live@​VH1 Sto­ry­tellers 1999....
pub­lished: 29 Oct 2012
au­thor: Gal­Cy­borg
0:30
VH1 Divas Soul
VH1 - Divas Soul....
pub­lished: 07 Dec 2011
au­thor: bloc­nyc
0:31
Mitchell Green VH1 Soul Com­mer­cial "Know Your His­to­ry"
Black His­to­ry Month com­mer­cial I did in 2007 di­rect­ed by Spike Lee....
pub­lished: 30 Aug 2008
au­thor: Mitchell Green
4:24
Tabi Bon­ney Video "You"
DC's own Tabi Bon­ney's "You" a sin­gle off his cur­rent album "A Fly Guy's Theme". The can v...
pub­lished: 31 Jul 2006
au­thor: Six­eleven
0:36
VH1 SOUL CITIES WITH NEL­SON GEORGE SIZ­ZLE
Soul Cities with Nel­son George A VH1 Soul Orig­i­nal Pro­gram 'Soul Cities' fuses el­e­ments of...
pub­lished: 03 Nov 2008
au­thor: NAN­net­work
3:21
VH1 Divas Cel­e­brates Soul
Lis­ten in as Mary J. Blige, Chaka Khan, Dolly Par­ton and more argue about which city has t...
pub­lished: 19 Dec 2011
0:36
VH1 soul
czołówka dla VH1 pol­s­ka. real.​J.​Kościuszko....
pub­lished: 03 Nov 2008
au­thor: jacekkosciuszko
3:52
Jen­nifer Hud­son Talks To In Touch At The VH1 Divas Cel­e­brates Soul In NYC
Sub­scribe To In Touch Week­ly's Of­fi­cial You Tube Chan­nel And Go To InTouchWeekly.​com For T...
pub­lished: 19 Dec 2011
1:00
"VH1 Divas" Cel­e­brates Soul in NYC
Video link:http://​online-video-buzz.​info/​xplay to watch full video "VH1 Divas" Cel­e­brates ...
pub­lished: 19 Dec 2011
au­thor: pak­moulik
Youtube results:
1:33
Mary J Blige At The VH1 Divas Cel­e­brates Soul In NYC
Sub­scribe To In Touch Week­ly's Of­fi­cial You Tube Chan­nel And Go To InTouchWeekly.​com For A...
pub­lished: 19 Dec 2011
1:12
Ava D TV-VH1 Soul Divas 2011- Pre­view
Not want­ing to spoil the sur­prise of the full show here is a quick pre­view, Ava D TV Vh1 S...
pub­lished: 19 Dec 2011
au­thor: Ava Den­era
8:22
Leela James "My Joy" VH1 - Live
Great live per­for­mance of Leela James and her sin­gle "My Joy"...
pub­lished: 17 Dec 2010
au­thor: Broth­er­JR76
7:10
Jill Scott "A Long Walk" and "Gold­en" LIVE
vh1....
pub­lished: 04 Sep 2007
au­thor: js­fan4life
photo: WN / Marzena J.
Crimes at sea: the dark side of cruise ships
Edit Sydney Morning Herald
17 Aug 2013
In her deep research into sex crimes on cruise ships - and also the very particular and distinct culture on board these floating mega-liners - Dr Jill Poulston, a tourism academic, saw a few written lines from 1928 that piqued her interest ... Advertisement ....(size: 1.2Kb)
photo: AP / Marco Garcia
Hawaii Department of Emergency Management officers warn homeless campers of the tsunami warning on Maile Beach, Saturday, Feb. 27, 2010, in Waianae, Hawaii.
Edit WorldNews.com
19 Aug 2013
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. When Hawaii announced that it would become the latest place in the U.S. to offer one-way plane tickets to homeless people, it was a reminder of how another sad and shameful chapter is being added to the annals of American history. Unknown to many is the "placing out" movement or "orphan train riders." ... Again, many orphan train riders were not really orphans ... Dallas Darling (darling@wn.com) ... 4....(size: 4.9Kb)
photo: AP
Soldiers guard a street in the area where, according to Mexico's Defense Minister, Mexican drug cartel leader Ignacio Coronel Villareal, aka Nacho Coronel, was killed during an army raid in Zapopan, near Guadalajara, Mexico, Thursday July 29, 2010.
Edit Reuters
18 Aug 2013
MEXICO CITY (Reuters) - Mexican security forces on Saturday caught the leader of the cocaine-trafficking Gulf Cartel, the second major gang boss capture in just over a month as President Enrique Pena Nieto fights cartel violence ... The government said it would give more information about Ramirez' capture at a news conference on Sunday....(size: 1.5Kb)
photo: AP / Ahmed Gomaa
In this Monday, April 15, 2013 file photo, Egypt's deposed President Hosni Mubarak attends a hearing session in his retrial on appeal in Cairo, Egypt. Former Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak was back in court Saturday, May 11, 2013, to hear prosecutors say they are presenting new evidence in his retrial.
Edit The Independent
19 Aug 2013
Bloody violence has continued today as Egyptian security officials say suspected militants have ambushed two police minibuses in northern Sinai, firing rocket-propelled grenades at the vehicles. The attack is believed to have been carried out as the two vehicles were driving through a village near the border town of Rafah in the volatile Sinai Peninsula, located in the strategic region bordering the Gaza Strip and Israel ... ....(size: 3.5Kb)
photo: AP / Bullit Marquez
Volunteers search near the bow-damaged cargo ship Sulpicio Express Siete Saturday Aug. 17, 2013, a day after it collided with a passenger ferry off the waters of Talisay city, Cebu province in central Philippines.
Edit Skynews
17 Aug 2013
A ferry with over 800 passengers and crew on board has sunk after colliding with a cargo ship near the Philippine city of Cebu. The coastguard said the MV Thomas Aquinas listed after hitting the Sulpicio Express Seven Cargo vessel and the captain gave the order to abandon ship. A Navy boat guards the cargo ship that collided with the ferry. Officer Joy Villegas said the collision occurred on Friday evening close to the shore ... ....(size: 2.7Kb)




Edit noodls
17 Aug 2013
He began his media career at MTV Networks, progressing from an entry level role to the national sales director and leading the sales efforts for the launch of two new networks, VH1 Classic and VH1 Soul.  After eleven years at MTVN, he left Viacom for DISH Network, where, as vice president of Media Sales, he created an advertising sales business from the ground up....(size: 6.1Kb)
Edit PR Newswire
08 Aug 2013
VH1 delivers the ultimate mash-up of music, pop culture and nostalgia for adults who still want to have fun.  VH1 is available in 99 million households in the U.S. ; VH1 also has an array of digital channels and services including VH1 Classic, VH1 Soul, VH1 Mobile and VH1.com and @VH1, the hub for all things music and pop culture.  VH1 is a unit of Viacom Inc ... BRETT HENNE/VH1. SCOTT ACORD/VH1. Brett.Henne@VH1.com....(size: 4.7Kb)
Edit noodls
08 Aug 2013
VH1 delivers the ultimate mash-up of music, pop culture and nostalgia for adults who still want to have fun.  VH1 is available in 99 million households in the U.S. ; VH1 also has an array of digital channels and services including VH1 Classic, VH1 Soul, VH1 Mobile and VH1.com and @VH1, the hub for all things music and pop culture.  VH1 is a unit of Viacom Inc ... BRETT HENNE/VH1. SCOTT ACORD/VH1. Brett.Henne@VH1.com....(size: 4.8Kb)
Edit noodls
07 Aug 2013
"LeAnn and Eddie are both talented entertainers who have really captured the public's imagination in the last couple of years, but there is so much more to them than what you read in the tabloids," said Tom Calderone, President of VH1 ... VH1 also has an array of digital channels and services including VH1 Classic, VH1 Soul, VH1 Mobile and VH1.com and @VH1, the hub for all things music and pop culture ... scott.acord@vh1.com....(size: 4.3Kb)
Edit PR Newswire
01 Aug 2013
VH1 delivers the ultimate mash-up of music, pop culture and nostalgia for adults who still want to have fun. VH1 is available in 99 million households in the U.S. ; VH1 also has an array of digital channels and services including VH1 Classic, VH1 Soul, VH1 Mobile and VH1.com and @VH1, the hub for all things music and pop culture.  VH1 is a unit of Viacom Inc ... SOURCE VH1 ... http.//www.vh1.com....(size: 4.5Kb)
Edit noodls
01 Aug 2013
VH1 delivers the ultimate mash-up of music, pop culture and nostalgia for adults who still want to have fun. VH1 is available in 99 million households in the U.S. ; VH1 also has an array of digital channels and services including VH1 Classic, VH1 Soul, VH1 Mobile and VH1.com and @VH1, the hub for all things music and pop culture.  VH1 is a unit of Viacom Inc ... SOURCE VH1....(size: 4.4Kb)
Edit noodls
22 Jul 2013
(Source. CBS Corporation) ... 17 ... SPF is an all-ages show ... The track is the first single from Thicke's sixth studio album, which is due to be released this summer and has already crossed a number of radio formats.  He has toured with Beyonce and Mary J Blige, and been honored with the VH1 Soul/Vibe award for "Best Breakthrough Artist," as well as received nominations from BET, MTV, and the American Music Awards ... About Radio.com....(size: 6.2Kb)
Edit PR Newswire
17 Jul 2013
Nyle Washington- Nyle.Washington@vh1.com, 212-846-5576 ... VH1 delivers the ultimate mash-up of music, pop culture and nostalgia for adults who still want to have fun.  VH1 is available in 99 million households in the U.S. ; VH1 also has an array of digital channels and services including VH1 Classic, VH1 Soul, VH1 Mobile and VH1.com and @VH1, the hub for all things music and pop culture.  VH1 is a unit of Viacom Inc....(size: 7.6Kb)
Edit noodls
17 Jul 2013
Nyle Washington- Nyle.Washington@vh1.com, 212-846-5576 ... VH1 delivers the ultimate mash-up of music, pop culture and nostalgia for adults who still want to have fun.  VH1 is available in 99 million households in the U.S. ; VH1 also has an array of digital channels and services including VH1 Classic, VH1 Soul, VH1 Mobile and VH1.com and @VH1, the hub for all things music and pop culture.  VH1 is a unit of Viacom Inc....(size: 7.8Kb)
Edit noodls
15 Jul 2013
VH1 delivers the ultimate mash-up of music, pop culture and nostalgia for adults who still want to have fun.  VH1 is available in 99 million households in the U.S. ; VH1 also has an array of digital channels and services including VH1 Classic, VH1 Soul, VH1 Mobile and VH1.com and @VH1, the hub for all things music and pop culture.  VH1 is a unit of Viacom Inc ... Nyle.Washington@vh1.comChris.Delhomme@vh1.com ... SOURCE VH1....(size: 5.5Kb)
Edit PR Newswire
02 Jul 2013
NEW YORK, July 2, 2013 /PRNewswire/ -- VH1 has drafted actress, TV host, businesswoman, wife and mom La La Anthony to continue her mission to have it all for the fourth season of "La La's Full Court Life" premiering Sunday, July 14 at 10PM.* ... VH1 also has an array of digital channels and services including VH1Classic, VH1 Soul, VH1 Mobile, and extensive video on VH1.com.  VH1 is a unit of Viacom Inc ... Jake.Slane@vh1.com....(size: 3.5Kb)
Edit noodls
02 Jul 2013
NEW YORK, July 2, 2013/PRNewswire/ -- VH1 has drafted actress, TV host, businesswoman, wife and mom La La Anthony to continue her mission to have it all for the fourth season of "La La's Full Court Life" premiering Sunday, July 14at 10PM.* ... VH1 also has an array of digital channels and services including VH1Classic, VH1 Soul, VH1 Mobile, and extensive video on VH1.com.  VH1 is a unit of Viacom Inc ... SOURCE VH1....(size: 3.3Kb)
Edit noodls
02 Jul 2013
About VH1. VH1 delivers the ultimate mash-up of music, pop culture and nostalgia for adults who still want to have fun.  VH1 is available in 99 million households in the U.S. ; VH1 also has an array of digital channels and services including VH1 Classic, VH1 Soul, VH1 Mobile and VH1.com and @VH1, the hub for all things music and pop culture.  VH1 is a unit of Viacom Inc....(size: 8.2Kb)
VH1 Soul
150px
Launched 2000
Owned by MTV Networks (Viacom)
Headquarters U.S.
Sister channel(s) MTV, Nickelodeon, MTV2, TeenNick, Comedy Central, Nick Jr, TV Land, Nicktoons, Spike, Nick at Nite, Tr3s, MTV Hits, CMT, VH1, MTV Jams
Availability
Cable
Available on many cable systems Check local listings for specific channels
Telefónica del SurChile Channel 187
Verizon FiOS Channel 219
IPTV
AT&T U-verse Channel 521
Part of a series on

MTV
  in the United States  

MTV channels
MTV2 · Tr3́s · mtvU

MTV programs

MTV personalities

Censorship on MTV

MTV Networks

VH1 Soul is a digital cable and satellite television channel and is the sister network to VH1. It showcases R&B, funk, soul, and Motown music from various periods.

The channel debuted in 2000 as part of the "MTV Suite" line-up of digital/satellite channels that included new MTV and VH1 channels. They played non-stop music videos, as well as several new Nickelodeon spin-off channels, such as Nick GAS, NickToons Network, The N, Noggin, VH1 Classic, CMT Pure Country, MTV2, and MTVX. The "MTV Suite" package was sold to cable companies and satellite providers as a bundle, so they could either choose to offer their customers all the channels or none of them.

In its early years, VH1 Soul's main focus was on R&B and soul videos of the late 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, along with live performance clips from even earlier years. Janet Jackson, Prince, TLC, Usher, Tony Toni Tone, Aretha Franklin, and Stevie Wonder were some of the channel's main staples. By 2003, the channel had stopped showing most of the pre-1990s videos that it had once played, since they were often played on VH1 Classic's Classic Soul program. The channel then gradually began to focus more on underground, alternative, and old school hip-hop videos, whilst continuing to feature new R&B musicians.

Presently, a selection of R&B hits from the past ten years, as well as several 1980s and early 1990s hip-hop videos, can be seen on VH1 Soul. Several of the more R&B-influenced modern-day rappers and their newest videos can also be regularly seen in heavy rotation on VH1 Soul; for example: The Roots, De La Soul, Kanye West, Common, and Talib Kweli. However, VH1 Soul still occasionally airs older 1980s or early 1990s R&B/soul hits, such as Prince's "Kiss", Mariah Carey's "Vision Of Love", Stevie Wonder's "Superstition", or Chaka Khan's "I Feel For You".

On February 1, 2006, VH1 Soul revamped its format, doing away with the model of random videos and instead allocating music videos to different TV shows, each catering to a particular musical style. In November 2007, the network also had their first event program, airing the Vibe Awards, which moved from the now-defunct UPN network and did not take place in 2006 due to the new CW network declining to air the program.

In the spring of 2007 VH1 Soul, along with its sister networks MTV Jams and MTV Hits, were briefly dropped from Time Warner Cable's line-up in Southern California when those franchises transitioned from Adelphia and Comcast. However, all three channels returned to that line-up within a couple of months, under a new, specialized tier of service. To date however, the three networks remain conspicuously absent from many of Time Warner and Brighthouse Networks' systems, most notably in New York City, as well as both major satellite TV providers (DirecTV and DISH Network, respectively).

Though the channel still specialises mainly in playing music videos, VH1's The Salt-n-Pepa Show has aired recently on the network. In February 2009, VH1 Soul aired VH1's Black to the Future as part of its Black History Month celebration.

In 2008, VH1 Soul began dedicating more of its airtime to commercials and programs, and began playing fewer music videos, alienating a segment of its audience that watched the channel specifically for its focus on music rather than program content. Programs such as the VH1 Hip Hop Honors Show, VH1 Rock Docs, and other programs from the VH1 channel line-up began to regularly supplant airtime which had previously been dedicated to music videos, in a pattern similar to the First Format Evolution which occurred on the MTV channel in the late 1980s. As of Late 2009, the non-music programming has been dropped from the station, along with the commercials. The channel today features a non-stop blend of all music videos new and old across all theme blocks.

Shows currently airing on VH1 Soul[link]

  • VH1 Soul Player – A random rotation of videos. The format is similar to the how the channel was before February 1, 2006.
  • The Soul Story – A block of videos by a single artist or group that are mostly shown in chronological order.
  • Soul Squared – A block of old and current videos by various artists which airs two videos from the same artist back-to-back, in a similar fashion to VH1 Classic's Classic/Current Show.
  • Sub Soul – This show features videos by Underground Soul artists.
  • Soul School – This show features old school hip-hop and R&B music videos.
  • Island Soul – This show features music videos by dance hall and reggae artists.
  • Speak Your Soul – A viewer-requested video block. Viewers can make requests on the channel's official website.
  • Live Soul – This show features live performance clips by soul artists.
  • Top 10 Best in Soul – This show features videos by the most popular artists in R&B and hip-hop music. The format is similar to MTV's Big 10.
  • Soulprodisiac – A Quiet Storm formatted show. The show primarily plays love songs and slow jams, and is similar to BET After Dark or Midnight Love.
  • One Planet, One Soul (Added February 2007) – This show features international artists. It is now rarely aired.

The network was commercial free until January 1, 2011.

External Links[link]

VH1 Soul currently does not have a separate network website.

http://wn.com/VH1_Soul




This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VH1_Soul

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.


VH1
Current VH1 logo
Launched January 1, 1985
Owned by Viacom
Picture format 16:9 (1080i, HDTV)
Slogan Watch and discuss
Country United States
Language English
Headquarters New York City, United States
Formerly called VH-1: Video Hits One
VH1: Music First
Sister channel(s) MTV, VH1 Soul, VH1 Classic
Website VH1.com
Availability
Satellite
DirecTV (U.S.) 335 (SD/HD)
1335 (VOD)
Dish Network (U.S.) 162 (SD/HD)
Yes (Israel) 76
Tata Sky (India) 725
Airtel digital TV (India) 386
Videocon_d2h (India) 557
Cable
Available on many cable systems Check local listings for specific channels
IPTV
Verizon FiOs 217
Part of a series on

MTV
  in the United States  

MTV channels
MTV2 · Tr3́s · mtvU

MTV programs

MTV personalities

Censorship on MTV

MTV Networks

VH1 or Vh1 (known as VH-1: Video Hits One from 1985 to 1994) is an American cable television network based in New York City. Launched on Tuesday January 1, 1985 in the old space of Turner Broadcasting's short-lived Cable Music Channel, the original purpose of the channel was to build on the success of MTV by playing music videos, but targeting a slightly older demographic than its sister channel, focusing on the lighter, softer side of popular music. The channel was originally created by Warner-Amex Satellite Entertainment, at the time a division of Warner Communications and owner of MTV. Both VH1 and its sister channel MTV are currently part of the MTV Networks division of corporate parent Viacom. While VH1 still occasionally plays music videos and the Top 20 Video Countdown, its more recent claim to fame has been in the area of music-related reality programming, such as Behind the Music, the I Love the... series, the Celebreality block of programming, and the channel's overall focus on popular culture.[1]

Contents

Early history of VH-1 (1985–1994)[link]

Format and VJs[link]

File:VH1 85-94 logo.png
The second VH1 logo used from 1987 to 1994.

VH-1's aim was to focus on the lighter, softer side of popular music,[1] including such musicians as Carly Simon, Tina Turner, Elton John, Billy Joel, Eric Clapton, Sting, Donna Summer, Rod Stewart, Kenny G, and Anita Baker, in hopes of appealing to people aged 18 to 35, and possibly older. Also frequently featured in the network's early years were "videos" for Motown and other 1960s oldies consisting of newsreel and concert footage. It was introduced on January 1, 1985 with the video performance of "The Star-Spangled Banner" by Marvin Gaye.[1]

From the start, Video Hits One was branded as an urban version of its sister/parent channel. It played more jazz and R&B artists than MTV and had a higher rotation of urban-contemporary performers. Its early on-camera personalities were New York radio veterans Don Imus (then of WNBC); Frankie Crocker (then program director and DJ for WBLS); Scott Shannon (of Z100); Jon Bauman ("Bowzer" from Sha Na Na); Bobby Rivers; and Rita Coolidge.

Later VJs included Tim Byrd of WPIX-FM (now WRXP), a station whose eclectic ballad-and-R&B oriented format mirrored that of VH-1; and Alison Steele ("The Nightbird" of WNEW-FM). Rosie O'Donnell later joined the outlet's veejay lineup. O'Donnell would also host a stand up comedy show featuring various comedians each episode. As an added touch to make the network more like a televised radio station, the early years of the network featured jingles in their bumpers produced by JAM Creative Productions in Dallas, who had previously made jingles for radio stations worldwide.

The format left room for occasional ad-libs by the VJ, a godsend for emcees such as Imus and O'Donnell. In true Imus style, he used a 1985 segment of his VH-1 show to jokingly call smooth-jazz icon Sade Adu a "grape" for her oval-shaped head.

Early programming[link]

VH1 catered to adult top 40, including musicians such as Ace of Base, Melissa Etheridge, Sheryl Crow, Lisa Loeb, Seal, and other slightly more rock-oriented popular music than what it had originally played, though favorites such as Whitney Houston, Mariah Carey, Cher, Elton John, Madonna, Janet Jackson, and Céline Dion, still received heavy play as well. It should also be noted that the logo didn't start appearing on the screen during the programming until 1991.

VH1 started out using MTV’s famous Kabel typeface font for their music video credit tags. It was later replaced by a larger type font. In addition, the year the video was made was added to the column that identified the record label the album was released on. In 1993, the name of the videos’ director was included at the bottom of the credits.

VH1 had a short-lived hour-long program called "By Request" in which viewers could call a 1-900 hotline number to request their videos.

[edit] New Visions

Typical of VH1's early programming was New Visions, a series which featured videos and in-studio performances by smooth jazz and classical and New Age bands and performers, including Spyro Gyra, Andy Narell, Mark Isham, Philip Glass[2] and Yanni. At first many different musicians guest-hosted the program, but eventually musician/songwriter Ben Sidran established himself as permanent host.

[edit] VH1: Music First (1994–2003)

VH1 logo used from 1994 to 2003.

In the fall of 1994, VH1 rebranded itself as VH1: Music First, following a ratings decline in the early 1990s.[1] They began airing “History Of Music Videos A to Z” during the July 4th weekend from 1994 to 1998 where they'd show a large percentage of their library of music videos, which would include mini-marathons of videos by artists with a large number of videos. The success of A to Z led to a weeknight 11pm hour-long broadcast of Madonna videos, titled The Madonna Show. The videos were aired without introduction by a VJ and the program was soon shortened to thirty minutes, and then scrapped all together. By 1996, VH1 was heading down the same path as its sister channel, MTV, choosing to focus more on music-related shows than on music videos. Additionally, the network began to expand its playlist of music videos to include more rock and rap music.[1] Old episodes of American Bandstand could regularly be seen on the channel. By that time, the channel's ratings were beginning to fall.

[edit] Video Countdown

As part of VH-1's rebranding as "VH1: Music First" in 1994, the channel launched a new series, the VH1 Top 10 Countdown, that counted down the top ten music videos played on VH1 each week. A combination of record sales, radio airplay, video spins, message board posts, and conventional mail would decide the order of the countdown. A rotating cast of VJs picked up hosting duties for the show over the years. The series expanded from ten to twenty music videos, becoming the VH1 Top 20 Video Countdown, in 2001. VH1 Top 20 Countdown is premiered every Saturday at 3:00 AM with an encore presentation at 9:00 AM, also shown on Sunday at 8:00 AM and lastly on Tuesday at 9:00 AM during the same week.

[edit] Pop-Up Video

In the fall of 1996, VH1 premiered Pop-Up Video, in which music videos were accompanied by "pop-ups" (also known as "bubbles" or "info nuggets")--small enclosed areas of the screen containing facts about the band or artist, such as career highlights, discography, biographical details, quotes, and anecdotes.

[edit] VH1 Storytellers

In February 1996, VH1 again hit it big with the premiere of the first of the network's flagship shows, VH1 Storytellers. The show started with a broadcast of Ray Davies, during his "Storyteller" tour, and took its name from this first show. In each hourlong episode, artists appear in front of a (mostly small and intimate) live audience, interspersing musical performances with anecdotes related to the songs' meaning, the songwriting process, audience reaction, etc. Along with Davies, the series has featured a widely diverse list of artists, including Culture Club, Willie Nelson and Johnny Cash, Kanye West, Tom Waits, and Def Leppard. Meat Loaf enjoyed the show's format so much that he bought the stage decorations from VH-1 and went on to do a "Storytellers" tour in 1998/1999.[3]

[edit] Behind the Music

VH1 scored another hit in August 1997 with the debut of Behind the Music. The hourlong show features interviews and biographies of some of popular music's biggest stars qualified to be profiled on the series. The premiere episode featured Milli Vanilli. Episodes have ranged from Aaliyah to Stryper to Queen, as well as others such as Meat Loaf, MC Hammer, Oasis, Fleetwood Mac, TLC, "Weird Al" Yankovic, Megadeth, Britney Spears, Selena, Petra, Pantera, and Eminem, with more episodes being produced periodically. By the late 1990s, the show began to run out of artists to profile, leading to the short-lived BTM2 program, half-hour looks into bands and artists whose popularity was rising, but not yet at its peak.

[edit] Legends

Shortly after, VH1 created a companion series, Legends (originally sponsored by AT&T), profiling artists who have made a more significant contribution to music history to qualify as "Legends" (that is, those artists who have gone beyond the category of Behind the Music biographies). The artists profiled so far have included Aerosmith; The Bee Gees; David Bowie; Johnny Cash; Eric Clapton; The Clash; George Clinton; Sam Cooke; Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young; The Doors; John Fogerty; Aretha Franklin; Marvin Gaye; The Grateful Dead; Guns N' Roses; Jimi Hendrix; Michael Jackson; Elton John; Janis Joplin; B. B. King; Led Zeppelin; John Lennon; Curtis Mayfield; Nirvana; Pink Floyd; The Pretenders; Red Hot Chili Peppers; Queen; Bruce Springsteen; Tina Turner; U2; Stevie Ray Vaughan; The Who and Neil Young.[4]

[edit] VH1 Save The Music Foundation

Founded in 1997, the VH1 Save The Music Foundation is a nonprofit organization dedicated to creating systemic change in the American public school system by restoring instrumental music programs and by raising public awareness about the importance of music as part of each child's complete education. The Foundation is a 501c3 public charity that began as a public affairs initiative of Vh1 the cable music channel.

The Save The Music Foundation's 2012 Ambassador class includes Gavin Rossdale, Jordin Sparks, Vanessa Carlton, Lupe Fiasco, Katy Perry, Chris Daughtry, Mathew Morrison and AJ Mclean, joining Alumni Ambassadors including: Kelly Clarkson, John Mayer, Natasha Bedingfield, John Legend, The Fray, Colbie Calliat, NE-YO, Nick Lachey, among many other musicians, singers, athletes and celebrities dedicated to the cause [5]. VH1 Save The Music Ambassadors help raise awareness and deliver key messages about the importance of music education in a young person's life, as well as help raise funds to further the Foundation's mission to restore instrumental music education programs in U.S. public elementary and middle schools.

Since its inception in 1997, the VH1 Save The Music Foundation has provided $48 million in new musical instruments to 1,800 public schools in more than 100 cities around the country, impacting the lives of over 1.8 million children. The Foundation hosts a series of special fundraising events each year, along with executive various cause marketing campaigns to mobilize people around the importance of music education.

[edit] VH1 Divas

In 1998, VH1 debuted the first annual VH1 Divas concert and featured the "divas" Aretha Franklin, Mariah Carey, Shania Twain, Gloria Estefan and Celine Dion, and the "special guest" Carole King.[6] The most successful of these "diva" shows was produced in 1999 featuring Whitney Houston, Tina Turner, Cher, LeAnn Rimes, Mary J. Blige, Faith Hill, Chaka Khan, Brandy, and special "divo" Elton John.[7] It became a huge success and was featured in the following years starring Diana Ross, Donna Summer, Destiny's Child, Jordin Sparks, Miley Cyrus, Jennifer Hudson, Shakira, Deborah Harry, Anastacia, Dixie Chicks, Gladys Knight, Patti LaBelle, and Jessica Simpson. Some artists such as Whitney Houston, Cyndi Lauper, Mariah Carey, Aretha Franklin, Mary J. Blige, Celine Dion, Cher, Chaka Khan, and Faith Hill were featured in two or more VH1 concerts.

[edit] Movies That Rock

In 1999, VH1 aired its first original movie, a bio-pic on Sweetwater. Their third original movie (which aired in 2000), Two of Us, focused on a fictional meeting between John Lennon and Paul McCartney. Over the next three years, they made over a dozen movies, including bio-pics on Jim Morrison and The Doors, Ricky Nelson, MC Hammer, The Monkees, Meat Loaf, and Def Leppard.

VH1 continues to air "Movies That Rock" on a regular basis, expanding to include movies not produced by VH1. The subject matter remains mostly focused on music and musicians.

[edit] Diversification

In the late 1990s, VH1 continued to get more diverse and teen-based with its music selection, and with that, the network updated its 1994 "Big 1" logo. Various late-night rock shows have been shown on VH1, featuring alternative rock and metal videos from the 1980s and 1990s. VH1 eventually warmed up to harder rock acts such as the Red Hot Chili Peppers, the Foo Fighters, the Stone Temple Pilots, and Metallica. Their new videos began being added into VH1's playlist right away.

Around late 2002, VH1 even began to play mainstream rap musicians.[1] The latest videos by Eminem, Nelly, Jay-Z, Snoop Dogg, Busta Rhymes, Missy Elliott, and Eve began to be shown in VH1's rotation and even started to crop up on VH1's top 20 countdown. VH1 also plays music from Latin artists such as Ricky Martin, Marc Anthony, Enrique Iglesias, Thalía and Shakira.

Other past trends[link]

rockDocs was the title under which VH1 aired various music documentaries, both those produced by VH1 and those produced by third-parties. Such documentary series produced by VH1 include "And Ya' Don't Stop", a five-part series on the history of hip-hop and rap,[8] a four-part series on the history of heavy metal, Heavy: The Story of Metal, and The Drug Years, which tells the story of various drug cultures that changed America. Films produced by other studios have also been aired as rockDocs, including Woodstock, Madonna: Truth or Dare, Tupac: Resurrection, Metal: A Headbanger's Journey, Awesome; I Fuckin' Shot That!, a documentary on the Beastie Boys, and most recently Last Days of Left Eye which documented the last month of Lisa Lopes's life from the band TLC and N.W.A.: The World's Most Dangerous Group, featuring the narration of comedian Chris Rock, which chronicled the rise and fall of N.W.A.

VH1 endured criticism for Music Behind Bars, which mainly focuses on musicians in custody. Critics have claimed prisoners, mainly those convicted of murder, should not be entitled to any exposure, especially nationally.[9]

The channel aired Where Are They Now? from 1999 to 2002. It featured former celebrities and their current professional and personal statuses. Each episode was dedicated to a specific genre, ranging from past child stars to Aaron Spelling's notable productions, to controversial news figures.

Current era of VH1 (2003–present)[link]

In 2003, the network changed its focus again, dropping "Music First" from its name, and introducing their new and current box logo. Having saturated its Behind The Music series (and spinoff BTM2, a 30-minute version that told the stories of current chart-toppers), gotten past the point of showing music videos on a regular basis, and endured a 35% ratings decline over the past several years, the network began to target the pop culture nostalgia market just like its sister MTV.[1][10] The network primarily plays reality shows now.

The network is currently working on four new reality projects, slated to run in spring 2010. They include a makeover series for women, a dating advice show for men, a documentary series about the deaths of several celebrities and a series that follows the lives of people at a ski resort in Vancouver, B.C.[11]

[edit] I Love the... series

In 2002, VH1 broadcast a ten-part series entitled I Love the '80s. The idea was taken from a BBC series, first broadcast in 2000,[12] in which current entertainers and pop-culture figures offered their take on the trends, events, and personalities of another decade. The success of VH1's I Love the '80s, coupled with the growing nostalgia for ever-more-recent times, led the network to create a parade of similarly themed programs. These ranged from 2003's I Love the '70s, to further variants like I Love the '80s Strikes Back, I Love the '90s, and I Love the '90s: Part Deux. More recently, VH1 premiered I Love the '80s 3-D and I Love the '70s: Volume 2, along with the non-decade-based I Love the Holidays and I Love Toys.

The format of these shows has been repeated for the weekly program Best Week Ever. In a sketch on Fox's MADtv envisioning an as-yet fictitious "I Love the 00s" show, VH1 was referred to as "the bitter comics ragging on real celebrities" network. On June 22 of that years, VH1 premiered I Love the New Millennium, focusing on the years 2000-2007.

[edit] The Greatest series

VH1 also produces its The Greatest series in which a similar format is used to countdown lists like "The 50 Sexiest Video Moments", "100 Greatest Songs of Rock 'N' Roll", "100 Greatest Songs from the Past 25 Years", "100 Greatest One-hit Wonders", and "100 Greatest Kid Stars". In 2001, Mark McGrath hosted VH1's miniseries "100 Most Shocking Moments in Rock 'N' Roll", which compiled a list of the moments in music history that changed its course and shook its foundations.[13] Recently in late December 2009, an updated series titled "100 Most Shocking Music Moments" aired on VH1.[14][15] In 2008 and early 2009, the channel premiered the "100 Greatest Hip-Hop Songs", "100 Greatest Hard Rock Songs", "100 Greatest Songs of the 90s", and "100 Greatest Songs of the 80s".

[edit] 40 Most Awesomely Bad

In 2004, VH1 began this mini-series category with "50 Most Awesomely Bad Songs...Ever". Additional series in this group include "40 Most Awesomely Bad Dirrty Songs...Ever",[16] "40 Most Awesomely Bad Break-up Songs...Ever"[17] "40 Most Awesomely Bad #1 Songs...Ever",[18] "40 Most Awesomely Bad Metal Songs...Ever",[19] and "40 Most Awesomely Bad Love Songs".[20]

[edit] Celebreality

In January 2005 VH1 launched its Celebreality programming block of reality shows featuring celebrities, anchored by The Surreal Life, which mimics MTV's The Real World, instead placing celebrities from the past into a living environment.[21] The word "celebreality" is a portmanteau combining the words "celebrity" and "reality" and is generally used to describe reality TV shows in which celebrities participate as subjects. The term appears to have been coined by Michael Gross, writing for The Toronto Star on May 12, 1991. In his article, entitled "Celebrity's New Face," Mr. Gross used a hyphenated form of the word ("celeb-reality") to describe the tendency of certain contemporary celebrities to downplay the traditional trappings of Hollywood glamour. "You could see the new celeb-reality on display at this year's Oscars," wrote Gross. "It is Kathy Bates and Whoopi Goldberg, not Kim Basinger and Michelle Pfeiffer. It is Jeremy Irons in black tie and the sneakers he says keep his feet on the ground. It is Kevin Costner, fighting small, important battles, winning big, but reacting with modesty and going off to party privately. The new celebrities are human first, famous second."

The next known citation of the word is by Joyce Millman, writing for The New York Times on January 5, 2003. In an article entitled, "Celebreality: The ‘Stars’ Are Elbowing Their Way In," Ms. Millman wrote: "Celebreality, the junk genre du jour, turns the notion of reality TV upside down. Instead of real people acting like celebrities on shows like "Survivor", "Big Brother" and "The Bachelor", celebreality gives us celebrities acting like real people on shows like "The Osbournes", "The Anna Nicole Show" and "Celebrity Boot Camp." I'm using the term "celebrity" loosely here — we're not talking about Russell Crowe, Julia Roberts and Dame Judi Dench eating bugs and scrubbing latrines. No, the celebrities of celebreality are a motlier crew, like, well, Mötley Crüe's Vince Neil, the former rap superstar M. C. Hammer and the wee ex-Michael Jackson ornament Emmanuel ("Webster") Lewis. Those three will be setting up housekeeping together on Thursday in "The Surreal Life" on WB, a celebreality spin on MTV's "Real World." Not to be outdone, ABC sends a Baldwin brother (Stephen), a supermodel (Frederique) and a former "L.A. Law" star (Corbin Bernsen) to Hawaii for "Celebrity Mole Hawaii", beginning Wednesday."

The VH1 Celebreality block has also aired shows such as:

Since the controversy over the murder-suicide of a contestant from Megan Wants a Millionaire, the channel has toned down its reality programming.[22][23]

[edit] Hip-Hop and Rock Honors

Since 2004, VH1 has showed their appreciation for hip-hop and rock music by honoring pioneers and movements. Hip-hop musicians honored include Eazy-E, LL Cool J, 2Pac, The Notorious B.I.G., and Public Enemy. All of the shows have been taped in the Hammerstein Ballroom in New York City. On May 25, 2006, Queen, Judas Priest, Def Leppard, and Kiss were the inaugural inductees into the VH1 Rock Honors in Las Vegas. The ceremony aired on VH1 six days later. In 2007, ZZ Top, Heart, Genesis and Ozzy Osbourne were inducted into the VH1 Rock Honors. 2008's sole Rock Honors inductees were The Who.

Other current trends[link]

On July 1, 2007, VH1 and MHD, the high-definition music channel of MTV (now called Palladia), simulcast live the entire Concert for Diana from London, England, on the birthday of Princess Diana, Princess of Wales.[24]

Although VH1 has drastically reduced its emphasis on music, it does continue to play music videos (just like its sister network, MTV) from 4 a.m. until 11 a.m. ET. The overnight block was called Insomniac Music Theater until August 2005, when it was renamed Nocturnal State. As of the beginning of October 2008, Nocturnal State has been cut down to one hour, and Fresh: New Music has been supplanted by additional hours of Jump Start, thus meaning that VH1 now plays 7 hours of music daily.

As of the beginning of May 2010, VH1 has permanently retire the named Nocturnal State and had temporarily cancelled the 5AM ET hour of Jump Start to make room for more reality show re-airs. Also, VH1's music has leaned more and more Top 40-based over the past year. More recently, the 4 and 5AM ET hours reverted back to music on most days, and all of its music hours are now branded as Jump Start. Jump Start runs typically from 4AM-9AM weekdays and Saturdays (until 8AM on Sundays).

VH1 Best Cruise Ever[link]

From April 28 – May 2, 2011, from Tampa to Cozumel music fans can experience non-stop music performances from headliners Train, Lifehouse, Colbie Caillat, and The Script. Other bands include Alpha Rev, Civil Twilight, Mat Kearney, One eskimO, SafetySuit, Thriving Ivory, Trailer Park Ninjas, and Ryan Star. The cruise is on The Carnival Cruise Line ship Carnival Inspiration.

Beyond VH1[link]

VH1 HD[link]

VH1 HD is a 1080i high definition simulcast of VH1. Only newer shows such as Rock of Love Bus, The T.O. Show and Brooke Knows Best air in full 16:9 aspect ratio HD on it however, and most other programs are shown in 4:3 aspect ratio with the video upconverted. The HD channel is available nationally on Verizon FiOS, DirecTV, AT&T U-verse, Comcast, and Dish Network.

Sister channels in the U.S.[link]

Like MTV and Nickelodeon before them, VH1 also launched spinoff digital networks as part of The Suite From MTV. Initially, four VH1 spinoff networks were formed. Others later joined the staple, including:

  • VH1 Classic: Music videos primarily from the 1970s and 1980s, concert footage, movies, and original programming centered around adult hits, classic hits and classic rock music.
  • VH1 MegaHits: A channel which played mostly top 40 adult contemporary videos from throughout VH1's history, from the '80s to the early years of the 21st Century. Due to low viewership, the network was discontinued. The satellite space was utilized by corporate parent MTV Networks to launch Gay & Lesbian centric network, Logo.
  • VH1 Soul: Classic and neo-soul music videos from yesterday and today.
  • VH1 Uno: A Spanish language channel which mostly consisted of music videos of Latin pop, rock, and traditional ballads, tropical, salsa and merengue music. Discontinued February 2, 2008 by MTV Networks to expand normal distribution of mtvU beyond college campuses.[25]
  • VH1 Country: Continuous country music videos; channel still exists, but has been renamed CMT Pure Country.

The Internet[link]

VH1's online destination, VH1.com, launched in the 1990s. In the 2000s, VH1 created VSPOT, a broadband video channel that followed the model of MTV Overdrive, containing the shows aired by VH1 and music videos. VSPOT was renamed to Video.VH1.com in late 2007.

VH1 around the world[link]

As with other MTV channels, MTV Networks broadcasts international versions of VH1:

  • VH1 Australia: Since March (April for Optus customers) 2004, VH1 has been available in Australia on Foxtel, Optus Television and Austar. It is also available on the SelecTv pay TV platform. On May 1, 2010 Vh1 Australia was re-branded as MTV Classic.
  • VH1 Brazil: The Portuguese-language version of VH1 was launched in Brazil on May 1, 2004. However, VH1 Soul had been available to digital cable subscribers since 2004. In 2007 VH1 Soul stopped being available in Brazil. In 2009 the version HD of VH1 was launched.
  • VH1 Mega Hits Brazil: Replaced the Brazilian version of MTV Hits. The channel plays 24h chart hits non-stop.
  • VH1 Denmark: The Danish version of VH1 was launched in Denmark on March 15, 2008.
  • VH1 Europe: VH1 Europe is the VH1 channel broadcast in the European continent as well as Northern Africa, South Africa and the Middle East.
  • VH1 Export: VH1 Export is the technical name used for the version of VH1 European available in the Middle East, North Africa, and the Levant territories broadcasting via satellite, exclusively from the OSN pay-TV network. In Africa (on DStv) and Thailand, on UBC 33. The channel is exactly the same as VH1 European, but with different adverts.
  • VH-1 Germany: During the mid-1990s, a German-language version of VH-1 was broadcast, featuring more adult music than MTV, and using the original 1985 US logo. It proved unsuccessful and eventually had to make way for a non-stop music channel aimed at teenagers called MTV2 Pop. However, VH1 hasn't really disappeared from German television, since it's still available in its pan-European version.
  • VH1 India: In December 2004, MTV India and Zee-Turner teamed up to bring VH1 to India. In India, VH1 is a 24-hour pay channel that will cater to the 13–35 age group.
  • VH1 Indonesia: In Indonesia, VH1 programming also airs on MTV Indonesia at 4 until 8 pm, and on local terrestrial channels such as Jak-TV, Jakarta, STV Bandung, TV Borobudur, Semarang, TATV, Solo, and Makassar TV, Makassar (UHF21) and also a full link channel seen on satellite PALAPA C2.
  • VH1 Latin America: On April 1, 2004, VH1 Latin America joined MTV and Nickelodeon Latin America targeting audiences 25–49 years old. Until then, the VH1 main channel available for Latin America was the original US version. The Spanish-language channel is tailored for the market and feature a mix of music and entertainment with local and international-recording artists, as well as original programming.
  • VH1 Pakistan: Operated by ARY TV Network)[citation needed]
  • VH1 Polska: Launched (or rather renamed) on December 1, 2005. The channel is aimed at people in Poland over 25. The channel was formerly known as "MTV Classic" and (especially in its last months) was the same as present VH1, airing the same programs for the same target group.
  • VH1 Russia: VH1 Russia launched on December 2, 2005. It ceased broadcasting on July 1, 2010 and was replaced by the European VH1 feed.
  • VH1 UK: VH1 UK targets 25–44 years old, and has much of the same content as the main US channel. There were two sister stations in the UK: VH1 Classic (now MTV Classic) and VH2 (now closed).

See also[link]

References[link]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Becker, Anne (2008-05-03). "VH1 Hits a New High Note". Broadcasting & Cable. http://www.broadcastingcable.com/article/CA6557244.html?rssid=193. Retrieved 2008-05-03. 
  2. ^ "Opening" by Philip Glass on VH-1's 'New Visions' on YouTube
  3. ^ "Meat Loaf's "Storytellers" Tour Extended Through January". livedaily.com. 1999-12-07. http://www.livedaily.com/news/772.html. Retrieved 2008-06-27. 
  4. ^ "Legends: Episode List". VH1.com. Archived from the original on 2008-01-25. http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.vh1.com/shows/dyn/legends/episode_list.jhtml. 
  5. ^ http://www.vh1savethemusic.com/ambassadors
  6. ^ Pareles, Jon (1998-04-16). "There Are Divas, and There Are Divas". The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9400EEDD173CF935A25757C0A96E958260. Retrieved 2008-05-03. 
  7. ^ Freydkin, Donna (1999-04-16). "VH1's dueling divas belt it out for a good cause". CNN.com. http://www.cnn.com/SHOWBIZ/Music/9904/16/divas/. Retrieved 2008-05-03. 
  8. ^ Phil Gallo (October 3, 2004). "And You Don't Stop: 30 Years of Hip Hop". Variety. http://www.variety.com/review/VE1117925111.html?categoryid=32&cs=1. 
  9. ^ Victims Protest VH1's 'Music Behind Bars' Show
  10. ^ Curtis, Bryan (2006-02-23). "VH1: The Surreal Network". Slate. http://www.slate.com/id/2136882/. Retrieved 2006-02-24. 
  11. ^ "VH1 announces four new shows". The Live Feed. Jan. 28, 2010. http://www.thrfeed.com/2010/01/vh1-announces-four-new-shows.html. 
  12. ^ BBC - I love... series
  13. ^ 100 Most Shocking Moments in Rock 'N' Roll
  14. ^ 100 Most Shocking Music Moments
  15. ^ Exclusive: VH1's '100 Most Shocking Music Moments' List
  16. ^ 40 Most Awesomely Bad Dirrty Songs...Ever
  17. ^ 40 Most Awesomely Bad Break-up Songs...Ever
  18. ^ 40 Most Awesomely Bad #1 Songs...Ever
  19. ^ 40 Most Awesomely Bad Metal Songs...Ever
  20. ^ 40 Most Awesomely Bad Love Songs
  21. ^ Fink, Sharon (9 January 2005). "Watchable trash". St. Petersburg Times. http://sptimes.com/2005/01/09/news_pf/Artsandentertainment/Watchable_trash.shtml. Retrieved 18 August 2010. 
  22. ^ Stelter, Brian (31 August 2009). "With 'Celebreality,' VH1 Attracts Ratings and Chagrin". The New York Times: p. 5. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/31/business/media/31cable.html?_r=3&fta=y&pagewanted=all. Retrieved 26 September 2010. 
  23. ^ "VH1 revamps programming". The Hollywood Reporter. 18 April 2010. http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/television/news/e3iec3c2452ddf8270c14cd59b8ec1ea302. Retrieved 26 September 2010. [dead link]
  24. ^ Concert for Diana|VH1.com
  25. ^ MTV Networks discontinues VH1 Uno

External links[link]


http://wn.com/VH1




This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VH1

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The soul – in many traditional spiritual, philosophical, and psychological traditions – is the incorporeal and immortal essence of a person, living thing, or object.[1] Some religions teach that all biological organisms have souls, and others further still that even non-biological entities (such as rivers and mountains) possess souls. This latter belief is called animism.[2] Anima mundi and the Dharmic Ātman are concepts of a "world soul." Some religious thinkers, such as Thomas Aquinas, attribute souls to all organisms but teach that only human souls are immortal.[3]

Soul can function as a synonym for spirit, mind or self;[4] scientific works, in particular, often consider 'soul' as a synonym for 'mind'[citation needed].

Contents

Linguistic aspects[link]

Etymology[link]

The Modern English word soul derived from Old English sáwol, sáwel, first attested to in the 8th century poem Beowulf v. 2820 and in the Vespasian Psalter 77.50, and is cognate with other Germanic and Baltic terms for the same idea, including Gothic saiwala, Old High German sêula, sêla, Old Saxon sêola, Old Low Franconian sêla, sîla, Old Norse sála as well as Lithuanian siela. Further etymology of the Germanic word is uncertain. A more recent suggestion[5] connects it with a root for "binding", Germanic *sailian (OE sēlian, OHG seilen), related to the notion of being "bound" in death, and the practice of ritually binding or restraining the corpse of the deceased in the grave to prevent his or her return as a ghost.

The word is probably an adaptation by early missionaries—particularly Ulfilas, apostle to the Goths during the 4th century—of a native Germanic concept, which was a translation of Greek ψυχή psychē "life, spirit, consciousness".

The Greek word is derived from a verb "to cool, to blow" and hence refers to the vital breath, the animating principle in humans and other animals, as opposed to σῶμα (soma) meaning "body". It could refer to a ghost or spirit of the dead in Homer, and to a more philosophical notion of an immortal and immaterial essence left over at death since Pindar. Latin anima figured as a translation of ψυχή since Terence. Psychē occurs juxtaposed to σῶμα e.g. in Matthew 10:28:

καὶ μὴ φοβεῖσθε ἀπὸ τῶν ἀποκτεννόντων τὸ σῶμα, τὴν δὲ ψυχὴν μὴ δυναμένων ἀποκτεῖναι·

φοβεῖσθε δὲ μᾶλλον τὸν δυνάμενον καὶ ψυχὴν καὶ σῶμα ἀπολέσαι ἐν γεέννῃ.

Vulgate: et nolite timere eos qui occidunt corpus animam autem non possunt occidere sed potius eum timete qui potest et animam et corpus perdere in gehennam.
Authorized King James Version (KJV) "And fear not them which kill the body, but are not able to kill the soul: but rather fear Him which is able to destroy both soul and body in hell."

In the Septuagint (LXX), ψυχή translates Hebrew נפש nephesh, meaning "life, vital breath", which is in English variously translated as "soul, self, life, creature, person, appetite, mind, living being, desire, emotion, passion"; e.g. in Genesis 1:20:

וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֔ים יִשְׁרְצ֣וּ הַמַּ֔יִם שֶׁ֖רֶץ נֶ֣פֶשׁ חַיָּ֑ה
LXX καὶ εἶπεν ὁ θεός ἐξαγαγέτω τὰ ὕδατα ἑρπετὰ ψυχῶν ζωσῶν.
Vulgate Creavitque Deus cete grandia, et omnem animam viventem atque motabilem.
KJV "And God created great whales, and every living creature that moveth."

Paul of Tarsus used ψυχή and πνεῦμα specifically to distinguish between the Jewish notions of נפש nephesh and רוח ruah (spirit) (also in LXX, e.g. Genesis 1:2 וְר֣וּחַאֱלֹהִ֔ים = πνεῦμα θεοῦ = spiritus Dei = "the Spirit of God").

Semantics[link]

Although the terms soul and spirit are sometimes used interchangeably, soul may denote a more worldly and less transcendent aspect of a person.[6] According to psychologist James Hillman, soul has an affinity for negative thoughts and images, whereas spirit seeks to rise above the entanglements of life and death.[7] The words soul and psyche can also be treated synonymously, although psyche has more physical connotations, whereas soul is connected more closely to spirituality and religion.[8]

Philosophical views[link]

The Ancient Greeks used the same word for 'alive' as for 'ensouled', indicating that the earliest surviving western philosophical view believed that the soul was that which gave the body life. The soul was considered the incorporeal or spiritual 'breath' which animates (from the Latin, anima, cf. animal) the living organism.

Francis M. Cornford quotes Pindar in saying that the soul sleeps while the limbs are active, but when one is sleeping, the soul is active and reveals in many a dream "an award of joy or sorrow drawing near".[9]

Erwin Rohde writes that the early pre-Pythagorean belief was that the soul had no life when it departed from the body, and retired into Hades with no hope of returning to a body.[10]

It has been argued that a strict line of causality fails to explain certain phenomenon within human experience such as free will, which have at times been attributed to the soul. (See also: Determinism and free will)

Socrates and Plato[link]

Plato, drawing on the words of his teacher Socrates, considered the soul the essence of a person, being that which decides how we behave. He considered this essence to be an incorporeal, eternal occupant of our being. As bodies die, the soul is continually reborn in subsequent bodies. The Platonic soul comprises three parts:

  1. the logos, or logistikon (mind, nous, or reason)
  2. the thymos, or thumetikon (emotion, or spiritedness, or masculine)
  3. the eros, or epithumetikon (appetitive, or desire, or feminine)

Each of these has a function in a balanced, level and peaceful soul.

Aristotle[link]

Aristotle defined the soul or psyche (ψυχή) as the first actuality of a naturally organized body,[11] but argued against its having a separate existence from the physical body. In Aristotle's view, the primary activity of a living thing constitutes its soul; for example, the soul of an eye, if it were an independent organism, would be seeing (its purpose or final cause).

The various faculties of the soul or psyche, such as nutrition, sensation, movement, and so forth, when exercised, constitute the "second" actuality, or fulfillment, of the capacity to be alive. A good example is someone who falls asleep, as opposed to someone who falls dead; the former actuality can wake up and go about their life, while the second actuality can no longer do so. Aristotle identified three hierarchical levels of living things: plants, animals, and people, for which groups he identified three corresponding levels of soul, or biological activity: the nutritive activity of growth, sustenance and reproduction which all life shares; the self-willed motive activity and sensory faculties, which only animals and people have in common; and finally reason, of which people alone are capable. Aristotle treats of the soul in his work, De Anima (On the Soul). Aristotle concludes, in the fifth chapter of the third book of this work, that the human active intellect is immortal.[12]

Avicenna and Ibn al-Nafis[link]

Following Aristotle, the Persian Muslim philosopher-physician, Avicenna (Ibn Sina) and Arab philosopher Ibn al-Nafis, further elaborated on the Aristotelian understanding of the soul and developed their own theories on the soul. They both made a distinction between the soul and the spirit, and in particular, the Avicennian doctrine on the nature of the soul was influential among the Scholastics. Some of Avicenna's views on the soul included the idea that the immortality of the soul is a consequence of its nature, and not a purpose for it to fulfill. In his theory of "The Ten Intellects", he viewed the human soul as the tenth and final intellect.

While he was imprisoned, Avicenna wrote his famous "Floating Man" thought experiment to demonstrate human self-awareness and the substantiality of the soul. He told his readers to imagine themselves suspended in the air, isolated from all sensations, which includes no sensory contact with even their own bodies. He argues that, in this scenario, one would still have self-consciousness. He thus concludes that the idea of the self is not logically dependent on any physical thing, and that the soul should not be seen in relative terms, but as a primary given, a substance. This argument was later refined and simplified by René Descartes in epistemic terms when he stated: "I can abstract from the supposition of all external things, but not from the supposition of my own consciousness."[13]

Avicenna generally supported Aristotle's idea of the soul originating from the heart, whereas Ibn al-Nafis rejected this idea and instead argued that the soul "is related to the entirety and not to one or a few organs". He further criticized Aristotle's idea that every unique soul requires the existence of a unique source, in this case the heart. Ibn al-Nafis concluded that "the soul is related primarily neither to the spirit nor to any organ, but rather to the entire matter whose temperament is prepared to receive that soul" and he defined the soul as nothing other than "what a human indicates by saying 'I'".[14]

Thomas Aquinas[link]

Following Aristotle and Avicenna, St. Thomas Aquinas understood the soul to be the first actuality of the living body. Consequent to this, he distinguished three orders of life: plants, which feed and grow; animals, which add sensation to the operations of plants; and humans, which add intellect to the operations of animals.

Concerning the human soul, his epistemological theory required that, since the knower becomes what he knows[15] the soul was definitely not corporeal: for, if it were corporeal when it knew what some corporeal thing was, that thing would come to be within it. Therefore, the soul had an operation which did not rely on a bodily organ and therefore the soul could subsist without the body. Furthermore, since the rational soul of human beings was a subsistent form and not something made up of matter and form, it could not be destroyed in any natural process.[16] The full argument for the immortality of the soul and Thomas's elaboration of Aristotelian theory is found in Question 75 of the Summa Theologica.

Immanuel Kant[link]

In his discussions of rational psychology Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) identified the soul as the "I" in the strictest sense and that the existence of inner experience can neither be proved nor disproved. "We cannot prove a priori the immateriality of the soul, but rather only so much: that all properties and actions of the soul cannot be cognized from materiality." It is from the "I", or soul, that Kant proposes transcendental rationalization, but cautions that such rationalization can only determine the limits of knowledge if it is to remain practical.[17]

James Hillman[link]

Contemporary psychology is defined as the study of mental processes and behavior. However, the word "psychology" literally means "study of the soul",[18] and psychologist James Hillman, the founder of archetypal psychology, has been credited with "restoring 'soul' to its psychological sense."[19] Although the words soul and spirit are often viewed as synonyms, Hillman argues that they can refer to antagonistic components of a person. Summarizing Hillman's views, author and psychotherapist Thomas Moore associates spirit with "afterlife, cosmic issues, idealistic values and hopes, and universal truths", while placing soul "in the thick of things: in the repressed, in the shadow, in the messes of life, in illness, and in the pain and confusion of love."[20] Hillman believes that religion—especially monotheism and monastic faiths—and humanistic psychology have tended to the spirit, often at the unfortunate expense of soul.[6] This happens, Moore says, because to transcend the "lowly conditions of the soul ... is to lose touch with the soul, and a split-off spirituality, with no influence from the soul, readily falls into extremes of literalism and destructive fanaticism."[21]

Hillman's archetypal psychology is in many ways an attempt to tend to the oft-neglected soul, which Hillman views as the "self-sustaining and imagining substrate" upon which consciousness rests, and "which makes meaning possible, [deepens] events into experiences, is communicated in love, and has a religious concern" as well as "a special relation with death."[22] Departing from the Cartesian dualism "between outer tangible reality and inner states of mind," Hillman takes the Neoplatonic stance[23] that there is a "third, middle position" in which soul resides.[24] Archetypal psychology acknowledges this third position by attuning to, and often accepting, the archetypes, dreams, myths, and even psychopathologies through which soul, in Hillman's view, expresses itself.

Philosophy of mind[link]

For a contemporary understanding of the soul/mind and the problem concerning its connection to the brain/body, consider the rejection of Descartes' mind/body dualism by Gilbert Ryle's ghost-in-the-machine argument,[clarification needed] the tenuous unassailability of Richard Swinburne's argument for the soul,[clarification needed] and the advances, which have been made in neuroscience and which are steadily uncovering the truth/falsity[vague] of the concept of an independent soul/mind. The philosophies of mind and of personal identity also contribute to a contemporary understanding of the mind. The contemporary approach does not so much attack the existence of an independent soul as render the concept less relevant. The advances in neuroscience mainly serve to support the mind/brain identity hypothesis, showing the extent of the correlation between mental states and physical-brain states. The notion of soul has less explanatory power in a western world-view which prefers the empirical explanations involving observable and locatable elements of the brain. Even so, there remain considerable objections to simple-identity theory. Notably, philosophers such as Thomas Nagel and David Chalmers have argued that the correlation between physical-brain states and mental states is not strong enough to support identity theory. Nagel (1974) argues that no amount of physical data is sufficient to provide the "what it is like" of first-person experience, and Chalmers (1996) argues for an "explanatory gap" between functions of the brain and phenomenal experience. On the whole, brain/mind identity theory does poorly in accounting for mental phenomena of qualia and intentionality. While neuroscience has done much to illuminate the functioning of the brain, much of subjective experience remains mysterious.

Religious views[link]

Ancient Near East[link]

In the ancient Egyptian religion, an individual was believed to be made up of various elements, some physical and some spiritual. See the article Egyptian soul for more details.[citation needed]

Similar ideas are found in ancient Assyrian and Babylonian religion. Kuttamuwa, an 8th century BC royal official from Sam'al, ordered an inscribed stele erected upon his death. The inscription requested that his mourners commemorate his life and his afterlife with feasts "for my soul that is in this stele". It is one of the earliest references to a soul as a separate entity from the body. The 800-pound (360 kg) basalt stele is 3 ft (0.91 m) tall and 2 ft (0.61 m) wide. It was uncovered in the third season of excavations by the Neubauer Expedition of the Oriental Institute in Chicago, Illinois.[25]

Bahá'í[link]

The Bahá'í Faith affirms that "the soul is a sign of God, a heavenly gem whose reality the most learned of men hath failed to grasp, and whose mystery no mind, however acute, can ever hope to unravel.[26] Bahá'u'lláh stated that the soul not only continues to live after the physical death of the human body, but is, in fact, immortal.[27] Heaven can be seen partly as the soul's state of nearness to God; and hell as a state of remoteness from God. Each state follows as a natural consequence of individual efforts, or the lack thereof, to develop spiritually.[28] Bahá'u'lláh taught that individuals have no existence prior to their life here on earth and the soul's evolution is always towards God and away from the material world.[28]

Brahma Kumaris[link]

In Brahma Kumaris, souls, called atmas, are believed to be an infinitesimal point of spiritual light residing in the forehead of the bodies they occupy.[citation needed]

Buddhism[link]

Buddhism teaches that all things are in a constant state of flux: all is changing, and no permanent state exists by itself.[29][30] This applies to human beings as much as to anything else in the cosmos. Thus, a human being has no permanent self.[31][32] According to this doctrine of anatta (Pāli; Sanskrit: anātman) – "no-self" or "no soul" – the words "I" or "me" do not refer to any fixed thing. They are simply convenient terms that allow us to refer to an ever-changing entity.[33]

The anatta doctrine is not a kind of materialism. Buddhism does not deny the existence of "immaterial" entities, and it (at least traditionally) distinguishes bodily states from mental states.[34] Thus, the conventional translation of anatta as "no-soul"[35] can be confusing. If the word "soul" simply refers to an incorporeal component in living things that can continue after death, then Buddhism does not deny the existence of the soul.[36] Instead, Buddhism denies the existence of a permanent entity that remains constant behind the changing corporeal and incorporeal components of a living being. Just as the body changes from moment to moment, so thoughts come and go. And there is no permanent, underlying mind that experiences these thoughts, as in Cartesianism; rather, conscious mental states simply arise and perish with no "thinker" behind them.[37] When the body dies, the incorporeal mental processes continue and are reborn in a new body.[36] Because the mental processes are constantly changing, the being that is reborn is neither entirely different than, nor exactly the same as, the being that died.[38] However, the new being is continuous with the being that died – in the same way that the "you" of this moment is continuous with the "you" of a moment before, despite the fact that you are constantly changing.[39]

Buddhist teaching holds that a notion of a permanent, abiding self is a delusion that is one of the causes of human conflict on the emotional, social, and political levels.[40][41] They add that an understanding of anatta provides an accurate description of the human condition, and that this understanding allows us to pacify our mundane desires.

Various schools of Buddhism have differing ideas about what continues after death.[42] The Yogacara school in Mahayana Buddhism said there are Store consciousness which continue to exist after death.[43] In some schools, particularly Tibetan Buddhism, the view is that there are three minds: very subtle mind, which does not disintegrate in death; subtle mind, which disintegrates in death and which is "dreaming mind" or "unconscious mind"; and gross mind, which does not exist when one is sleeping. Therefore, gross mind less permanent than subtle mind, which does not exist in death. Very subtle mind, however, does continue, and when it "catches on", or coincides with phenomena, again, a new subtle mind emerges, with its own personality/assumptions/habits, and that entity experiences karma in the current continuum.

Plants were said to be non-sentient (無情),[44] but Buddhist monks should avoid cutting or burning trees, because some sentient beings rely on them.[45] Some Mahayana monks said non-sentient beings such as plants and stones have buddha-nature.[46][47] Some buddhists said about plants or divisible consciousnesses[clarification needed].[48]

Certain modern Buddhists, particularly in Western countries, reject—or at least take an agnostic stance toward—the concept of rebirth or reincarnation, which they view as incompatible with the concept of anatta. Stephen Batchelor discusses this issue in his book, Buddhism Without Beliefs. Others point to research that has been conducted at the University of Virginia as proof that some people are reborn.[49]

Judaism[link]

The Hebrew terms נפש nephesh (literally "living being"), רוח ruach (literally "wind"), נשמה neshama (literally "breath"), חיה chaya (literally "life") and יחידה yechidah (literally "singularity") are used to describe the soul or spirit. In modern Judaism the soul is believed to be given by God to a person by his/her first breath, as mentioned in Genesis, "And the LORD God formed man [of] the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living being." (Genesis 2:7). From this statement, the rabbinical interpretation is often that human embryos do not have souls, though the orthodox often oppose abortion as a form of birth control. Judaism relates the quality of one's soul to one's performance of mitzvot and reaching higher levels of understanding, and thus closeness to God. A person with such closeness is called a tzadik. Judaism also has a concept of purity of body and soul, which requires avoidance of "unclean" things. Such practices mentioned in the Torah include the keeping of kashrut and daily bathing (tevilah) in a mikveh. In biblical times, it was believed that "impurity" was something that could be spread by touching, and unclean people were temporarily separated from the group. Though Jewish theology does not agree on the nature of an afterlife, the soul is said to "return to God" after death.

Kabbalah and other mystic traditions go into greater detail into the nature of the soul. Kabbalah separates the soul into five elements, corresponding to the five worlds:

  1. Nephesh, related to natural instinct.
  2. Ruach, related to emotion and morality.
  3. Neshamah, related to intellect and the awareness of God.
  4. Chaya, considered a part of God, as it were.
  5. Yechidah, also termed the pintele Yid (the "essential [inner] Jew"). This aspect is essentially one with G‑d.

Kabbalah furthermore proposed a concept of reincarnation, the gilgul. (See also nefesh habehamit the "animal soul").

Christianity[link]

Soul carried to Heaven by William Bouguereau

Most Christians understand the soul as an ontological reality distinct from, yet integrally connected with, the body. Its characteristics are described in moral, spiritual, and philosophical terms. According to a common Christian eschatology, when people die, their souls will be judged by God and determined to spend an eternity in Heaven or in Hell. Though all branches of Christianity –Catholics, Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox, Evangelical or mainline Protestants – teach that Jesus Christ plays a decisive role in the salvation process, the specifics of that role and the part played by individual persons or ecclesiastical rituals and relationships, is a matter of wide diversity in official church teaching, theological speculation and popular practice. Some Christians believe that if one has not repented of one's sins and trusted in Jesus Christ as Lord and Saviour, one will go to Hell and suffer eternal damnation or eternal separation from God. Variations also exist on this theme, e.g. some which hold that the unrighteous soul will be destroyed instead of suffering eternally (Annihilationism). Believers will inherit eternal life in Heaven and enjoy eternal fellowship with God. There is also a belief that babies (including the unborn) and those with cognitive or mental impairments who have died will be received into Heaven on the basis of God's grace through the sacrifice of Jesus. And there are beliefs in universal salvation and Christian conditionalism.

Soul at inception of life[link]

Among Christians, there is uncertainty regarding whether human embryos have souls, and at what point between conception and birth the fetus acquires a soul and consciousness. This uncertainty is the general reasoning behind many Christians' belief that abortion should not be legal.[50][51][52]

Roman Catholic beliefs[link]

The present Catechism of the Catholic Church defines the soul as "the innermost aspect of humans, that which is of greatest value in them, that by which they are most especially in God's image: 'soul' signifies the spiritual principle in man."[53] All souls living and dead will be judged by Jesus Christ when he comes back to earth. The souls of those who die unrepentant of serious sins, or in conscious rejection of God, will at judgment day be forever in a state called Hell[citation needed]. The Catholic Church teaches that the existence of each individual soul is dependent wholly upon God: "The doctrine of the faith affirms that the spiritual and immortal soul is created immediately by God."[54]

Orthodox Christian beliefs[link]

Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox views are somewhat similar, in essence, to Roman Catholic views although different in specifics. Orthodox Christians believe that after death, the soul is judged individually by God, and then sent to either Abraham's Bosom (temporary paradise) or Hades/Hell (temporary torture).[citation needed] At the Last Judgment, God judges all people who have ever lived. Those that know the Spirit of God, because of the sacrifice of Jesus, go to Heaven (permanent paradise) whilst the damned experience the Lake of Fire (permanent torture). The Orthodox Church does not teach that Purgatory exists.

Protestant beliefs[link]

Depiction of the soul on a 17th century tombstone at the cemetery of the Old Dutch Church of Sleepy Hollow

Protestants generally believe in the soul's existence, but fall into two major camps about what this means in terms of an afterlife. Some, following Calvin,[55] believe in the immortality of the soul and conscious existence after death, while others, following Luther,[56] believe in the mortality of the soul and unconscious "sleep" until the resurrection of the dead.[57]

Other Christians reject the idea of the immortality of the soul, citing the Apostles' Creed's reference to the "resurrection of the body" (the Greek word for body is soma σωμα, which implies the whole person, not sarx σαρξ, the term for flesh or corpse). They consider the soul to be the life force, which ends in death and will be restored in the resurrection.[citation needed] Theologian Frederick Buechner sums up this position in his 1973 book Whistling in the Dark: "...we go to our graves as dead as a doornail and are given our lives back again by God (i.e., resurrected) just as we were given them by God in the first place. "[citation needed]

Christadelphian beliefs[link]

Christadelphians believe that we are all created out of the dust of the earth and became living souls once we received the breath of life based on the Genesis 2 account of humanity's creation. Adam was said to have become a living soul. His body did not contain a soul, rather his body (made from dust) plus the breath of life together were called a soul, in other words a living being. They believe that we are mortal and when we die our breath leaves our body, and our bodies return to the soil. They believe that we are mortal until the resurrection from the dead when Christ returns to this earth and grants immortality to the faithful. In the meantime, the dead lie in the earth in the sleep of death until Jesus comes.[58]

Seventh-day Adventists beliefs[link]

Seventh-day Adventists believe that the main definition of the term "Soul" is a combination of spirit (breath of life) and body, disagreeing with the view that the soul has a consciousness or sentient existence of its own.[citation needed] They affirm this through Genesis 2:7 "And (God) breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul."[59] When God united His breath, or spirit with man, man became a living soul. A living soul is composed of body and spirit.[60] Adventists believe at death the body returns to dust and life returns to the God who bestowed it. This belief is expressed in the following quotation from their fundamental beliefs, "The wages of sin is death. But God, who alone is immortal, will grant eternal life to His redeemed. Until that day death is an unconscious state for all people..." (Rom. 6:23; 1 Tim. 6:15, 16; Eccl. 9:5, 6; Ps. 146:3, 4; John 11:11–14; Col. 3:4; 1 Cor. 15:51–54; 1 Thess. 4:13–17; John 5:28, 29; Rev. 20:1–10.)

Jehovah's Witnesses[link]

Jehovah's Witnesses take the Hebrew word nephesh, which is commonly translated as "soul", to be a person, an animal, or the life that a person or an animal enjoys. They believe that the Hebrew word ruach (Greek pneuma), which is commonly translated as "spirit" but literally means "wind", refers to the life force or the power that animates living things. A person is a breathing creature, a body animated by the "spirit of God", not an invisible being contained in a body and able to survive apart from that body after death. Jesus spoke of himself, having life, as having a soul. When he surrendered his life, he surrendered his soul. John 10:15 reads "just as the Father knows me and I know the father, and I surrender my soul in behalf of the sheep." This belief that man is a soul, rather than having a soul, is also in line with the knowledge that Hell (Sheol in Hebrew and Hades in Greek) represents the common grave with the hope of resurrection rather than eternal torment in hellfire.[61][62]

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints beliefs[link]

Latter-day Saints (Mormons) believe that the spirit and body together constitute the Soul of Man (Mankind). "The spirit and the body are the soul of man"[63] They believe that the soul is the union of a domain of 'Elemental Intelligence'[64] co-eternal with God, a portion of God's spirit which gives life, and a temporal body, which is formed by physical conception on earth. After death, the spirit continues to live and progress in the Spirit world until the resurrection, when it is reunited with the body that once housed it. This reuniting of body and spirit results in a perfect soul that is immortal and eternally young and healthy.[65]

Other Christian opinions[link]

Soul as the personality: Some Christians regard the soul as the immortal essence of a human – the seat or locus of human will, understanding, and personality.[citation needed]

Trichotomy of the soul : Augustine, one of western Christianity's most influential early Christian thinkers, described the soul as "a special substance, endowed with reason, adapted to rule the body". Some Christians espouse a trichotomic view of humans, which characterizes humans as consisting of a body (soma), soul (psyche), and spirit (pneuma),.[66] However, the majority of modern Bible scholars point out how spirit and soul are used interchangeably in many biblical passages, and so hold to dichotomy: the view that each of us is body and soul. Paul said that the "body wars against" the soul, and that "I buffet my body", to keep it under control. Philosopher Anthony Quinton said the soul is a "series of mental states connected by continuity of character and memory, [and] is the essential constituent of personality. The soul, therefore, is not only logically distinct from any particular human body with which it is associated; it is also what a person is". Richard Swinburne, a Christian philosopher of religion at Oxford University, wrote that "it is a frequent criticism of substance dualism that dualists cannot say what souls are.... Souls are immaterial subjects of mental properties. They have sensations and thoughts, desires and beliefs, and perform intentional actions. Souls are essential parts of human beings..."

Origin of the soul: The origin of the soul has provided a vexing question in Christianity; the major theories put forward include soul creationism, traducianism and pre-existence. According to creationism, each individual soul is created directly by God, either at the moment of conception or some later time (identical twins arise several cell divisions after conception, but no creationist would deny that they have whole souls). According to traducianism, the soul comes from the parents by natural generation. According to the preexistence theory, the soul exists before the moment of conception.

Hinduism[link]

In Hinduism, the Sanskrit words most closely corresponding to soul are "Jeev", "Aatma" and "Purusha", meaning the individual Self. The term "soul" is misleading as it implies an object possessed, whereas Self signifies the subject which perceives all objects. This self is held to be distinct from the various mental faculties such as desires, thinking, understanding, reasoning and self-image (ego), all of which are considered to be part of Prakriti (nature).

All the three major schools of Hindu philosophy agree, on the basis of the Vedic revelation, that the Aatma or jeevaatma(individual Self) is related to Brahman (lit. "the Immensity") or the Supreme Self of the Universe (ParamAatma). But they differ in the nature of this relationship. In Advaita Vedanta (non-dualism) the Individual Self (jeevaatma) and the Supreme Self (paramaatman) are one and the same. Dvaita or dualistic rejects this concept of identity, instead identifying the Self as separate but similar part of supreme Self (God), but it never lose its individual identity. Visishtadvaita or Qualified Non-dualism takes a middle path and accepts the jeevatman as a "mode" [prakara] or attribute of the Brahman. For an alternative atheistic and dualistic view of the soul in ancient Hindu philosophy, see Samkhya.

The jeevatman becomes involved in the process of becoming and transmigrating through cycles of birth and death because of ignorance of its own true nature. The spiritual path consists of Self-realization – a process in which one acquires the knowledge of the Self (brahma-jñanam) and through this knowledge applied through meditation and realization one then returns to the Source which is Brahman.

The qualities which are common to both Brahman and jeevaatma are: being (sat), consciousness (chit), and bliss/love (ananda). Liberation or Moksha (final release) is liberation from all limiting adjuncts (upadhis) and the unification with Brahman.

The Mandukya Upanishad verse 7 describes the Aatma in the following way:-

"Not inwardly cognitive, not outwardly cognitive, not both-wise cognitive, not a cognition-mass, not cognitive, not non-cognitive, unseen, with which there can be no dealing, ungraspable, having no distinctive mark, non-thinkable, that cannot be designated, the essence of the assurance of which is the state of being one with the Self, the cessation of development, tranquil, benign, without a second (a-dvaita)—[such] they think is the fourth. That is the Self. That should be discerned."

In Bhagavad – Gita 2.20[67] Lord Krishna describes the soul in the following way:

na jayate mriyate va kadacin nayam bhutva bhavita va na bhuyah ajo nityah sasvato yam purano na hanyate hanyamane sarire

"For the soul there is neither birth nor death at any time. He has not come into being, does not come into being, and will not come into being. He is unborn, eternal, ever – existing and primeval. He is not slain when the body is slain." [Translation by A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada (Srila Prabhupada)][68]

Srila Prabhupada,[69] a great Vaishnava saint of the modern time further explains: The soul does not take birth there, and the soul does not die...And because the soul has no birth, he therefore has no past, present or future. He is eternal, ever-existing and primeval – that is, there is no trace in history of his coming into being.

Since the quality of Aatma is primarily consciousness, all sentient and insentient beings are pervaded by Aatma, including plants, animals, humans and gods. The difference between them is the contracted or expanded state of that consciousness. For example, animals and humans share in common the desire to live, fear of death, desire to procreate and to protect their families and territory and the need for sleep, but animals' consciousness is more contracted and has less possibility to expand than does human consciousness.

When the Aatma becomes embodied it is called birth, when the Aatma leaves a body it is called death. The Aatma transmigrates from one body to another body based on karmic [performed deeds] reactions.

In Hinduism, the Sanskrit word most closely corresponding to soul is "Aatma", which can mean soul or even God. It is seen as the portion of Brahman within us. Hinduism contains many variant beliefs on the origin, purpose, and fate of the soul. For example, advaita or non-dualistic conception of the soul accords it union with Brahman, the absolute uncreated (roughly, the Godhead), in eventuality or in pre-existing fact. Dvaita or dualistic concepts reject this, instead identifying the soul as a different and incompatible substance

[70]

Islam[link]

According to the Quran, Ruh (Spirit) is a command from Allah (God).

And they ask you, [O Muhammad], about the soul (Rûh). Say, "The soul (Rûh) is of the affair of my Lord. And mankind have not been given of knowledge except a little." [Quran 17:85]

Islam teaches the soul is immortal and eternal. What a person does is definitely recorded and will be judged at the utterly court of the God.

Jainism[link]

In Jainism soul exists too, having a separate existence from the body that houses it. Every living being from a plant or a bacterium to human, has a soul. The soul (Jiva) is differentiated from non-soul or non-living reality (ajiva) that consists of: matter, time, space, medium of motion and medium of rest.[citation needed]

Shamanism[link]

According to Nadya Yuguseva, a shaman from the Altai, "'A woman has 40 souls; men have just one[.]'"[71]

Sikhism[link]

Sikhism considers Soul (atma) to be part of God (Waheguru). Various hymns are cited from the holy book "Sri Guru Granth Sahib" (SGGS) that suggests this belief. "God is in the Soul and the Soul is in the God."[72] The same concept is repeated at various pages of the SGGS. For example: "The soul is divine; divine is the soul. Worship Him with love."[73] and "The soul is the Lord, and the Lord is the soul; contemplating the Shabad, the Lord is found."[74] The "Atma" or "Soul" according to Sikhism is an entity or "spiritual spark" or "light" in our body because of which the body can sustain life. On the departure of this entity from the body, the body becomes lifeless – No amount of manipulations to the body can make the person make any physical actions. The soul is the ‘driver’ in the body. It is the ‘roohu’ or spirit or atma, the presence of which makes the physical body alive. Many religious and philosophical traditions, support the view that the soul is the ethereal substance – a spirit; a non material spark – particular to a unique living being. Such traditions often consider the soul both immortal and innately aware of its immortal nature, as well as the true basis for sentience in each living being. The concept of the soul has strong links with notions of an afterlife, but opinions may vary wildly even within a given religion as to what happens to the soul after death. Many within these religions and philosophies see the soul as immaterial, while others consider it possibly material.

Taoism[link]

According to Chinese traditions, every person has two types of soul called hun and po (魂 and 魄), which are respectively yang and yin. Taoism believes in ten souls, sanhunqipo (三魂七魄) "three hun and seven po".[75][76] The pò is linked to the dead body and the grave, whereas the hún is linked to the ancestral tablet. A living being that loses any of them is said to have mental illness or unconsciousness, while a dead soul may reincarnate to a disability, lower desire realms or may even be unable to reincarnate. Also, Journeys to the Under-World said there can be hundreds of divisible souls.[77]

Zoroastrianism[link]

Other religious beliefs and views[link]

In theological reference to the soul, the terms "life" and "death" are viewed as emphatically more definitive than the common concepts of "biological life" and "biological death". Because the soul is said to be transcendent of the material existence, and is said to have (potentially) eternal life, the death of the soul is likewise said to be an eternal death. Thus, in the concept of divine judgment, God is commonly said to have options with regard to the dispensation of souls, ranging from Heaven (i.e. angels) to hell (i.e. demons), with various concepts in between. Typically both Heaven and hell are said to be eternal, or at least far beyond a typical human concept of lifespan and time.

Some transhumanists believe that it will become possible to perform mind transfer, either from one human body to another, or from a human body to a computer. Operations of this type (along with teleportation), raise philosophical questions related to the concept of the soul.[citation needed]

Spirituality, New Age and new religions[link]

Theosophy[link]

In Helena Blavatsky's Theosophy the soul is the field of our psychological activity (thinking, emotions, memory, desires, will, and so on) as well as of the so-called paranormal or psychic phenomena (extrasensory perception, out-of-body experiences, etc.). However, the soul is not the highest, but a middle dimension of human beings. Higher than the soul is the spirit, which is considered to be the real self; the source of everything we call “good”—happiness, wisdom, love, compassion, harmony, peace, etc. While the spirit is eternal and incorruptible, the soul is not. The soul acts as a link between the material body and the spiritual self, and therefore shares some characteristics of both. The soul can be attracted either towards the spiritual or towards the material realm, being thus the “battlefield” of good and evil. It is only when the soul is attracted towards the spiritual and merges with the Self that it becomes eternal and divine.

Anthroposophy[link]

Rudolf Steiner differentiated three stages of soul development, which interpenetrate one another in consciousness:[78]

  • the "sentient soul", centering on sensations, drives, and passions, with strong conative (will) and emotional components;
  • the "intellectual" or "mind soul", internalizing and reflecting on outer experience, with strong affective (feeling) and cognitive (thinking) components; and
  • the "consciousness soul", in search of universal, objective truths.

Miscellaneous[link]

In Surat Shabda Yoga, the soul is considered to be an exact replica and spark of the Divine. The purpose of Surat Shabd Yoga is to realize one's True Self as soul (Self-Realisation), True Essence (Spirit-Realisation) and True Divinity (God-Realisation) while living in the physical body.

George Gurdjieff in his Fourth Way taught that nobody is ever born with a soul. Rather, an individual must create a soul by a process of self-remembrance and observation during the course of their life. Without a soul, Gurdjieff taught that one will "die like a dog".[citation needed]

Eckankar, founded by Paul Twitchell in 1965, defines Soul as the true self; the inner, most sacred part of each person.[79]

Science[link]

Science and medicine seek naturalistic accounts of the observable natural world. This stance is known as methodological naturalism.[80] Much of the scientific study relating to the soul has involved investigating the soul as an object of human belief, or as a concept that shapes cognition and an understanding of the world, rather than as an entity in and of itself.

When modern scientists speak of the soul outside of this cultural and psychological context, they generally treat soul as a poetic synonym for mind. Francis Crick's book, The Astonishing Hypothesis, for example, has the subtitle, "The scientific search for the soul". Crick held the position that one can learn everything knowable about the human soul by studying the workings of the human brain. Depending on one's belief regarding the relationship between the soul and the mind, then, the findings of neuroscience may be relevant to one's understanding of the soul. Skeptic Robert T. Carroll suggests that the concept of a non-substantial substance is an oxymoron, and that the scholarship done by philosophers and psychologists based on the assumption of a non-physical entity has not furthered scientific understanding of the working of the mind.[81]

Daniel Dennett has championed the idea that the human survival strategy depends heavily on adoption of the intentional stance, a behavioral strategy that predicts the actions of others based on the expectation that they have a mind like one's own (see theory of mind). Mirror neurons in brain regions such as Broca's area may facilitate this behavioral strategy.[citation needed] The intentional stance, Dennett suggests, has proven so successful that people tend to apply it to all aspects of human experience, thus leading to animism and to other conceptualizations of soul.[82][non-primary source needed]

Parapsychology[link]

Some parapsychologists have attempted to establish if the soul exists by scientific experiment. Milbourne Christopher in his book Search for the Soul (1979) explained that none of the attempts by parapsychologists have yet succeeded.[83]

Photograph of the soul[link]

The French physician Hippolyte Baraduc had claimed to have photographed the human soul.[84] However some professional photographers have suggested that the effect observed in his photographs could have been caused by tiny pinholes in the bellows behind the lens of the camera.[85]

Weight of the soul[link]

In 1907 Dr Duncan MacDougall made weight measurements of patients as they died. He claimed that there was weight loss of varying amounts at the time of death.[86] His results have never been reproduced, and are generally regarded either as meaningless or considered to have had little if any scientific merit.[87]

See also[link]

References[link]

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  4. ^ "Soul", Encyclopædia Britannica. 2008. Retrieved 12 November 2008.
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  9. ^ Francis M. Cornford, Greek Religious Thought, p.64, referring to Pindar, Fragment 131.
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    1) breath, spirit
    1a) breath (of God)
    1b) breath (of man)
    1c) every breathing thing
    1d) spirit (of man)
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  78. ^ Creeger, Rudolf Steiner ; translated by Catherine E. (1994). Theosophy : an introduction to the spiritual processes in human life and in the cosmos (3rd ed. ed.). Hudson, NY: Anthroposophic Press. pp. 42–46. ISBN 0-88010-373-6. 
  79. ^ Klemp, H. (2009). The call of soul. Minneapolis, MN: Eckankar
  80. ^ "Methodological Naturalism vs Ontological or Philosophical Naturalism". Chem.tufts.edu. http://chem.tufts.edu/AnswersInScience/MethodologicalNaturalism.htm. Retrieved 13 November 2011. 
  81. ^ "soul (spirit)" – The Skeptic's Dictionary, 2010
  82. ^ Daniel Dennett. "The Self as a Center of Narrative Gravity". http://ase.tufts.edu/cogstud/papers/selfctr.htm. Retrieved 2008-07-03. 
  83. ^ Milbourne Christopher Search for the Soul: An Insider's Report on the Continuing Quest by Psychics and Scientists for Evidence of Life After Death 1979
  84. ^ Hereward Carrington Problems of Psychical Research: Experiments and Theories in the Realm of the Supernormal 1921 pp. 185-186
  85. ^ Melvyn Willin Ghosts Caught On Film 2007
  86. ^ MacDougall, Duncan (May 1907). "Hypothesis Concerning Soul Substance Together with Experimental Evidence of The Existence of Such Substance". Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research 1 (5): 237–244. http://www.scribd.com/doc/20281719/21-Grams-Hypothesis-Concerning-Soul-Substance-Together-with-Experimental-Evidence-of-The-Existence-of-Such-Substance. Retrieved 19 February 2011. 
  87. ^ Park, Robert Ezra (2010). Superstition: Belief in the Age of Science. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press. p. 90. ISBN 0-691-14597-0. 

Additional references[link]

  • Batchelor, Stephen. Buddhism Without Belief – aha.
  • Chalmers, David. J., 1996, The Conscious Mind: In Search of a Fundamental Theory, New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press
  • Cornford, Francis, M., Greek Religious Thought, 1950.
  • Nagel, Thomas. (1974). “What is it like to be a bat?” Philosophical Review, 83: 435–450.
  • Rohde, Erwin, Psyche: The Cult of Souls and the Belief in Immortality Among the Greeks, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1925; reprinted by Routledge, 2000. ISBN 0-415-22563-9.
  • Ryle, Gilbert, 1949, The Concept of Mind, London: Hutchinson.
  • Swinburne (1997). The Evolution of the Soul. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Stevenson (1975). Cases of the Reincarnation Type, Volume I: Ten Cases in India. University Press of Virginia
  • Stevenson (1974). Twenty Cases Suggestive of Reincarnation. Charlottesville, VA: University Press of Virginia
  • Stevenson (1983). Cases of the Reincarnation Type, Volume IV: Twelve Cases in Thailand and Burma. University Press of Virginia
  • Stevenson (1997). Reincarnation and Biology: A Contribution to the Etiology of Birthmarks and Birth Defects. Praeger Publishers
  • Wilson (1996). The State of Man: Day Star, Wake Up Seminars. 1996.

Further reading[link]

External links[link]


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Contents

Dependency or dependent may refer to:

Sciences[link]

Computer science[link]

Economics[link]

  • Dependant (British English) (Dependent - American English), a person who depends on another as a primary source of income
  • Dependency ratio, in economics, the ratio of the economically dependent part of the economy to the productive part
  • Dependency theory, an economic worldview which states that resources flow from poor states to wealthy states

Linguistics[link]

Logic[link]

  • Dependent type, in computer science and logic, a type which depends on a value

Mathematics[link]

Medicine[link]

  • Dependence (behavioral medicine), a continuum of physical and psychological attachments related to the concept of behavioral addiction

Politics[link]

  • Dependent territory, a classification of territory, especially a region that is not a sovereign state, but the possession of such

without one, in the case of independent forms

Psychology[link]

  • Codependence, a pattern of detrimental, behavioral interactions within a dysfunctional relationship
  • Dependency need, the real need of the organism, or something that individuals can not provide for themselves
  • Dependent personality disorder, a personality disorder characterized by a pervasive psychological dependence on other people
  • Substance dependence, a need for a substance so strong that it becomes necessary to have this substance to function properly

Music[link]

  • dependent (record label), a German independent record label that focuses on aggrotech, electro-industrial and futurepop music
  • Dependent Music, an independent Canadian record label, owned and operated by the artists that were a part of the collective

Religion[link]

Among monastic orders, the term denotes the relation of a monastic community with a newer community which it has established elsewhere. The relationship can be that of an abbey with a priory composed of the monks who originated from the first house. In that situation, the abbot remains the ultimate authority for the affairs of the dependent priory, which is considered an extension of the founding house. This relationship will end at such time as the daughter community might become fully autonomous and an abbey in its own right.

Smaller monasteries of nuns within a monastic congregation can make a bond with a monastery of monks within the same division of the Order, whereby the two are affiliated, and the monks guarantee pastoral care of the nuns. In this sense, the women's house is considered a dependency on that of the men.

Technologies[link]

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Tabi Bonney
Birth name Tabiabue Bonney
Also known as Tabi Bonney
Origin Washington, DC
Genres Hip hop
Labels DD172, BluRoc, EMI
Website www.BonneyRunway.com

Tabiabuè Bonney, (born in Lomé, Togo, West Africa,[1] better known as Tabi Bonney). Part of Indie label Organized Rhyme and son of afro-funk superstar, Itadi Bonney, Tabi achieved recognition in the Washington, DC Metro area with his radio singles "The Pocket" and "Doin It" featuring Raheem DeVaughn. Tabi also has his own clothing line by the name of "Bonney Runway". Aside from music and design, Tabi Bonney directs and produces many music videos for famous artist including friend and fellow DMV resident Wale (rapper).

Contents

Early career[link]

Tabi and fellow rapper Haziq Ali combined efforts to form the group Organized Rhyme.[1] This eventually led to performing as the opening act for the likes of Outkast, LL Cool J, and Cam'ron. He also worked with Carter to create the underground album "Bonney & Carter".

Discography[link]

A Fly Guy's Theme[link]

# Title Performer(s) Producer(s)
1 "The Pocket" tabi Bonney mayhem & Psy2ko for H.A.Z.M.A.T. Produktionz
2 "On It" tabi Bonney
3 "Doin' It" tabi Bonney & Raheem Devaughn Cosmo "MO" Barron
4 "Beat Rock" tabi Bonney & DJ Flexx Cosmo "MO" Barron
5 "Dope" tabi Bonney
6 "Escalator" tabi Bonney
7 "Get Back" tabi Bonney
8 "Crush" tabi Bonney & Haziq Ali Cosmo "MO" Barron
9 "Tick...Tick..." tabi Bonney
10 "Lunchin" tabi Bonney
11 "You" tabi Bonney & Shydi
12 "Top" tabi Bonney Cosmo "MO" Barron

Dope[link]

# Title Performer(s) Producer(s)
1 "The Blow" tabi Bonney
2 "Go Hard" tabi Bonney
3 "Duhh" tabi Bonney
4 "Radio" tabi Bonney ft. Irie Li and Curren$y Cosmo "MO" Barron
5 "No Sucker" tabi Bonney
6 "Jet Setter" tabi Bonney
7 "Rock Bammas" tabi Bonney ft. Haziq
8 "Rich Kids" tabi Bonney ft. SouthEast Slim
9 "Kick Rocks" tabi Bonney ft. Irie Li

Fresh[link]

Source:[2]

# Title Performer(s) Producer(s)
1 "Make A Killing" tabi Bonney ft Pusha T (of Clipse) Arsonal
2 "Get Me" tabi Bonney Arsonal
3 "Radio" tabi Bonney ft Curren$y Nesby Phips
4 "The Slackers" tabi Bonney ft Haziq Ali Kokayi
5 "Killer People" tabi Bonney ft Wale Bubu The Producer
6 "Fever" tabi Bonney ft Raheem DeVaughn Jon Redwine
7 "Go Away" tabi Bonney Cyrus Melchor
8 "Nuthin' But A Hero" tabi Bonney Jon Redwine
9 "Sunlight" tabi Bonney Nesby Phips
10 "Blinding" tabi Bonney Kokayi
11 "Galaxy" tabi Bonney Bubu The Producer
12 "Winner's Tourney" tabi Bonney ft Kokayi Oddisee
13 "Like A King" tabi Bonney ft Wale & Kokayi Arsonal
14 "Yeah Go" tabi Bonney Team Demo

videos and songs

References[link]

  1. ^ a b VH1.com
  2. ^ ughh.com

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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabi_Bonney

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.