Paleogene

Open Collage in a new Window

Make changes yourself !

Earth's history - in four eras, Rate My Science

Order: Reorder
Duration: 1:14
Updated: 19 Dec 2012

http://ratemyscience.com/ Evidence from radiometric dating indicates that the Earth is about 4.54 billion years old. The geology or deep time of Earth's past...

http://wn.com/Earth's_history_in_four_eras,_Rate_My_Science

Drilling the Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary

Order: Reorder
Duration: 2:52
Updated: 03 Jul 2010

NJN news piece on the Cretaceous/Paleogene mass extinction.

http://wn.com/Drilling_the_Cretaceous_Paleogene_boundary

Drilling the Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary in New Jersey I

Order: Reorder
Duration: 3:26
Updated: 21 Sep 2009

NJN piece on drilling the Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary in New Jersey I.

http://wn.com/Drilling_the_Cretaceous_Paleogene_boundary_in_New_Jersey_I

How to Pronounce Paleogene

Order: Reorder
Duration: 0:21
Updated: 15 Jun 2013

Learn how to say Paleogene correctly with EmmaSaying's "how do you pronounce" free tutorials. Definition of Palaeogene (oxford dictionary): adjective Geology...

http://wn.com/How_to_Pronounce_Paleogene

Paleogene

Order: Reorder
Duration: 7:05
Updated: 01 Aug 2013

http://wn.com/Paleogene

The Paleogene

Order: Reorder
Duration: 13:00
Updated: 23 Nov 2012

This is the video that started it all. I can say that I have never been part of anything less amazing than what I, Matt, Herrera, and Walinski had put togeth...

http://wn.com/The_Paleogene

Paleogene

Order: Reorder
Duration: 5:06
Updated: 13 Nov 2013

The Paleogene is a geologic period and system that began 66 and ended 23.03 million years ago and comprises the first part of the Cenozoic Era. Lasting 43 million years, the Paleogene is most notable as being the time in which mammals evolved from relatively small, simple forms into a large group of diverse animals in the wake of the Cretaceous--Paleogene extinction event that ended the preceding Cretaceous Period. This period consists of the Paleocene, Eocene, and Oligocene Epochs. The end of the Paleocene (55.5/54.8 Mya) was marked by one of the most significant periods of global change during the Cenozoic, the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum, which upset oceanic and atmospheric circulation and led to the extinction of numerous deep-sea benthic foraminifera and on land, a major turnover in mammals. The Paleogene follows the Cretaceous Period and is followed by the Miocene Epoch of the Neogene Period. The terms 'Paleogene System' (formal) and 'lower Tertiary System' (informal) are applied to the rocks deposited during the 'Paleogene Period'. The somewhat confusing terminology seems to be due to attempts to deal with the comparatively fine subdivisions of time possible in the relatively recent geologic past, when more information is preserved. By dividing the Tertiary Period into two periods instead of five epochs, the periods are more closely comparable to the duration of 'periods' in the Mesozoic and Paleozoic Eras. Climate and geography The global climate during the Paleogene departed from the hot and humid conditions of the late Mesozoic era and began a cooling and drying trend which, although having been periodically disrupted by warm periods such as the Paleocene--Eocene Thermal Maximum, persists today. The trend was partly caused by the formation of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, which significantly cooled oceanic water temperatures. The continents during the Paleogene continued to drift closer to their current positions. India was in the process of colliding with Asia, subsequently forming the Himalayas. The Atlantic Ocean continued to widen by a few centimeters each year. Africa was moving north to meet with Europe and form the Mediterranean, while South America was moving closer to North America (they would later connect via the Isthmus of Panama). Inland seas retreated from North America early in the period. Australia had also separated from Antarctica and was drifting towards Southeast Asia. Flora and fauna Mammals began a rapid diversification during this period. After the Cretaceous--Paleogene extinction event, which saw the demise of the non-avian dinosaurs, they transformed from a few small and generalized forms and began to evolve into most of the modern varieties we see today. Some of these mammals would evolve into large forms that would dominate the land, while others would become capable of living in marine, specialized terrestrial, and airborne environments. Some mammals took to the oceans and became modern cetaceans, while others took to the trees and became primates, the group to which humans belong. Birds, which were already well established by the end of the Cretaceous, also experienced an adaptive radiation as they took over the skies left empty by the now extinct Pterosaurs. Most other branches of life remained relatively unchanged in comparison to birds and mammals during this period. As the Earth began to cool, tropical plants were less numerous and were now restricted to equatorial regions. Deciduous plants became more common, which could survive through the seasonal climate the world was now experiencing. One of the most notable floral developments during this period was the evolution of the first grass species. This new plant type expanded and formed new ecological environments we know today as savannas and prairies. These grasslands also began to replace many forests because they could survive better in the drier climate typical in many regions of the world during this period. Geology Oil industry relevance The Paleogene is notable in the context of offshore oil drilling, and especially in Gulf of Mexico oil exploration, where it is usually referred to as the "Lower Tertiary". These rock formations represent the current cutting edge of deep-water oil discovery. Lower Tertiary rock formations encountered in the Gulf of Mexico oil industry tend to be comparatively high temperature and high pressure reservoirs, often with high sand content (70%+) or under very thick salt sediment layers. Lower Tertiary explorations to date include (partial list): Attribution: Article text available under CC-BY-SA Creative Commons image source in video

http://wn.com/Paleogene

The K-T Event - What Really Happened To The Dinosaurs (part 1)

Order: Reorder
Duration: 9:19
Updated: 14 Jun 2013

It Came From Outer Space! (Dino Death & Carnage in the Mesozoic)

http://wn.com/The_K-T_Event_What_Really_Happened_To_The_Dinosaurs_part_1

Extreme Dinosaurs (BBC Documentary)

Order: Reorder
Duration: 48:54
Updated: 18 Aug 2013

Dinosaurs are a diverse group of animals of the clade Dinosauria. They first appeared during the Triassic period, 231.4 million years ago, and were the dominant terrestrial vertebrates for 135 million years, from the beginning of the Jurassic (about 201 million years ago) until the end of the Cretaceous (66 million years ago), when the Cretaceous--Paleogene extinction event led to the extinction of most dinosaur groups at the close of the Mesozoic Era. The fossil record indicates that birds evolved from theropod dinosaurs during the Jurassic Period and, consequently, they are considered a subgroup of dinosaurs by many paleontologists.[1] Some birds survived the extinction event that occurred 66 million years ago, and their descendants continue the dinosaur lineage to the present day

http://wn.com/Extreme_Dinosaurs_BBC_Documentary

The Permian Mass Extinction (With References)

Order: Reorder
Duration: 10:00
Updated: 24 Jul 2013

Expand For References: 251 million years ago, at the close of the Paleozoic, the Earth nearly died. Literally. And completely. It's estimated that 85-90% of ...

http://wn.com/The_Permian_Mass_Extinction_With_References

Saving Earth from an Inevitable Meteor Impact (FULL VIDEO)

Order: Reorder
Duration: 44:27
Updated: 22 Jul 2013

A look at some of the ideas scientists are exploring to save Earth one day from an inevitable meteor impact, including ways to divert near-Earth objects (NEO...

http://wn.com/Saving_Earth_from_an_Inevitable_Meteor_Impact_FULL_VIDEO

EGU2010: 30th anniv. of the discovery of the iridium anomaly at the Cretaceous Paleogene boundary

Order: Reorder
Duration: 48:34
Updated: 16 Jul 2012

EGU Keynote Closing Lecture by Jan Smit at the 2010 General Assembly of the European Geosciences Union. (Credit: EGU/CNTV.at) The European Geosciences Union ...

http://wn.com/EGU2010_30th_anniv_of_the_discovery_of_the_iridium_anomaly_at_the_Cretaceous_Paleogene_boundary

The Dinosaur Extinction Event in a Nutshell! Chicxulub crater (Vblog #8)

Order: Reorder
Duration: 5:48
Updated: 08 Aug 2013

What killed the cute and fluffy dinosaurs? Find out in todays science video blog! Dinosaurs are still alive, they are among us! But how can dinosaurs still a...

http://wn.com/The_Dinosaur_Extinction_Event_in_a_Nutshell!_Chicxulub_crater_Vblog_8

Chicxulub crater

Order: Reorder
Duration: 17:39
Updated: 14 Nov 2013

The Chicxulub crater is a prehistoric impact crater buried underneath the Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico. Its center is located near the town of Chicxulub, after which the crater is named. The age of the Chicxulub asteroid impact and the Cretaceous--Paleogene boundary coincide precisely, leading to the conclusion that the cause of the crater was also the cause of the demise of non-avian dinosaurs on Earth. The crater is more than 180 km in diameter, making the feature one of the largest confirmed impact structures on Earth; the impacting bolide that formed the crater was at least 10 km in diameter. The crater was discovered by Antonio Camargo and Glen Penfield, geophysicists who had been looking for petroleum in the Yucatán during the late 1970s. Penfield was initially unable to obtain evidence that the unique geological feature was in fact a crater, and gave up his search. Through contact with Alan Hildebrand, Penfield obtained samples that suggested it was an impact feature. Evidence for the impact origin of the crater includes shocked quartz, a gravity anomaly, and tektites in surrounding areas. The age of the rocks marked by the impact shows that this impact structure dates from roughly 66 million years ago, the end of the Cretaceous Period, and the start of the Paleogene periods. It coincides with the K-Pg boundary, the geological boundary between the Cretaceous and Paleogene. The impact associated with the crater is thus implicated in the Cretaceous--Paleogene extinction event: the worldwide extinction of non-avian dinosaurs. Some scientists argue that the impact was not the sole reason for the extinction. Others debate whether there was a single impact or whether the Chicxulub impactor was one of several that may have struck the Earth at around the same time. In March 2010, 41 experts from 33 institutions in many countries reviewed extensive analysis of the available evidence: 20 years worth of data spanning the fields of palaeontology, geochemistry, climate modelling, geophysics and sedimentology. They concluded that the impact at Chicxulub triggered the mass extinctions at the K--Pg boundary, including those of the dinosaurs. Discovery In 1978, geophysicists Antonio Camargo and Glen Penfield were working for the Mexican state-owned oil company Petróleos Mexicanos, or Pemex, as part of an airborne magnetic survey of the Gulf of Mexico north of the Yucatán peninsula. Penfield's job was to use geophysical data to scout possible locations for oil drilling. In the data, Penfield found a huge underwater arc with "extraordinary symmetry" in a ring 70 km (40 mi) across. He then obtained a gravity map of the Yucatán made in the 1960s. A decade earlier, the same map suggested an impact feature to contractor Robert Baltosser, but he was forbidden to publicize his conclusion by Pemex corporate policy of the time. Penfield found another arc on the peninsula itself, the ends of which pointed northward. Comparing the two maps, he found the separate arcs formed a circle, 180 km (111 mi) wide, centered near the Yucatán village Chicxulub; he felt certain the shape had been created by a cataclysmic event in geologic history. Pemex disallowed release of specific data but let Penfield and company official Antonio Camargo present their results at the 1981 Society of Exploration Geophysicists conference. That year's conference was underattended and their report attracted scant attention. Ironically, many experts in impact craters and the K--Pg boundary were attending a separate conference on Earth impacts. Although Penfield had plenty of geophysical data sets, he had no rock cores or other physical evidence of an impact. He knew Pemex had drilled exploratory wells in the region. In 1951, one bored into what was described as a thick layer of andesite about 1.3 km (4,200 ft) down. This layer could have resulted from the intense heat and pressure of an Earth impact, but at the time of the borings it was dismissed as a lava dome — a feature uncharacteristic of the region's geology. Penfield tried to secure site samples, but was told such samples had been lost or destroyed. When attempts at returning to the drill sites and looking for rocks proved fruitless, Penfield abandoned his search, published his findings and returned to his Pemex work. Attribution: Article text available under CC-BY-SA Public domain image source in video

http://wn.com/Chicxulub_crater

fits - a theory

Order: Reorder
Duration: 0:41
Updated: 25 Feb 2013

excerpt from wiki on the yucitan peninsula The peninsula is the exposed portion of the larger Yucatán Platform, all of which is composed of carbonate and sol...

http://wn.com/fits_a_theory

Life in Cenozoic Times

Order: Reorder
Duration: 3:04
Updated: 16 Jul 2013

http://www.tmwmedia.com/physical_geography2.html See an excerpt from this fascinating and beautiful title in the Physical Geography II series, from TMW Media...

http://wn.com/Life_in_Cenozoic_Times

How to Spot a Mass Extinction Event

Order: Reorder
Duration: 8:31
Updated: 19 Jul 2013

Would you recognise a mass extinction event if you came across one while digging in the Tunisian countryside? Watch this video interview with geobiologist Ju...

http://wn.com/How_to_Spot_a_Mass_Extinction_Event

Ages of the Earth

Order: Reorder
Duration: 0:28
Updated: 21 Jul 2011

Nothing special. I really hate the bells in the music. pictures and ages in order are: 1. Precambrian (550 mya) 2. Cambrian (510 mya) 3. Cambrian (500 mya) 4...

http://wn.com/Ages_of_the_Earth

Giant Dinosaur Robot Display - Singapore Science Center

Order: Reorder
Duration: 1:47
Updated: 29 Oct 2013

Giant Dinosaur Robot Display, it was quite real that it scare the children. Taken in Singapore Science Center during the Titans of the Past - From Dinosaurs to Ice Ae Mammals. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Dinosaurs are a diverse group of animals of the clade Dinosauria. They first appeared during the Triassic period, 231.4 million years ago, and were the dominant terrestrial vertebrates for 135 million years, from the beginning of the Jurassic (about 201 million years ago) until the end of the Cretaceous (66 million years ago), when the Cretaceous--Paleogene extinction event led to the extinction of most dinosaur groups at the close of the Mesozoic Era. The fossil record indicates that birds evolved from theropod dinosaurs during the Jurassic Period and, consequently, they are considered a subgroup of dinosaurs by many paleontologists.[1] Some birds survived the extinction event that occurred 66 million years ago, and their descendants continue the dinosaur lineage to the present day.[2] Dinosaurs are a varied group of animals from taxonomic, morphological and ecological standpoints. Birds, at over 10,000 living species,[3] are the most diverse group of vertebrates besides perciform fish.[4] Using fossil evidence, paleontologists have identified over 500 distinct genera[5] and more than 1,000 different species of non-avian dinosaurs.[6] Dinosaurs are represented on every continent by both extant species and fossil remains.[7] Some are herbivorous, others carnivorous. While dinosaurs were ancestrally bipedal, many extinct groups included quadrupedal species, and some were able to shift between these stances. Elaborate display structures such as horns or crests are common to all dinosaur groups, and some extinct groups developed skeletal modifications such as bony armor and spines. Evidence suggests that egg laying and nest building are additional traits shared by all dinosaurs. While modern birds are generally small due to the constraints of flight, many prehistoric dinosaurs were large-bodied—the largest sauropod dinosaurs may have achieved lengths of 58 meters (190 feet) and heights of 9.25 meters (30 feet 4 inches).[8] Still, the idea that non-avian dinosaurs were uniformly gigantic is a misconception based on preservation bias, as large, sturdy bones are more likely to last until they are fossilized. Many dinosaurs were quite small: Xixianykus, for example, was only about 50 cm (20 in) long. Although the word dinosaur means "terrible lizard", the name is somewhat misleading, as dinosaurs are not lizards. Instead, they represent a separate group of reptiles which, like many extinct forms, did not exhibit characteristics traditionally seen as reptilian, such as a sprawling limb posture or ectothermy. Additionally, many prehistoric animals, including mosasaurs, ichthyosaurs, pterosaurs, plesiosaurs, and Dimetrodon, are popularly conceived of as dinosaurs, but are not classified as dinosaurs. Through the first half of the 20th century, before birds were recognized to be dinosaurs, most of the scientific community believed dinosaurs to have been sluggish and cold-blooded. Most research conducted since the 1970s, however, has indicated that all dinosaurs were active animals with elevated metabolisms and numerous adaptations for social interaction. Since the first dinosaur fossils were recognized in the early 19th century, mounted fossil dinosaur skeletons have been major attractions at museums around the world, and dinosaurs have become an enduring part of world culture. The large sizes of some groups, as well as their seemingly monstrous and fantastic nature, have ensured dinosaurs' regular appearance in best-selling books and films, such as Jurassic Park. Persistent public enthusiasm for the animals has resulted in significant funding for dinosaur science, and new discoveries are regularly covered by the media. - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinosaur

http://wn.com/Giant_Dinosaur_Robot_Display_Singapore_Science_Center

Breaking Science News - Major Announcement

Order: Reorder
Duration: 40:53
Updated: 02 Jul 2013

A small, furry-tailed, insect-eating creature was the earliest ancestor of placental mammals—a widely diverse group of animals ranging from bats to humans—ac...

http://wn.com/Breaking_Science_News_Major_Announcement

Dinosaurs: The World's Most Amazing Extinct Species

Order: Reorder
Duration: 2:31
Updated: 14 Jul 2013

In this video you can watch a series of computer generated images on various species of dinosaurs. Dinosaurs are believed to have lived on Earth more than 23...

http://wn.com/Dinosaurs_The_World's_Most_Amazing_Extinct_Species

What Killed the Dinosaurs?

Order: Reorder
Duration: 3:02
Updated: 17 Aug 2013

In this short explainer video, Universe Today publisher Fraser Cain investigates what killed off the dinosaurs. What evidence have scientists found for their...

http://wn.com/What_Killed_the_Dinosaurs?

GTA 5 - Underwater search for PLESIOSAUR

Order: Reorder
Duration: 12:19
Updated: 25 Sep 2013

Plesiosauria (/ˌpliːsi.ɵˈsɔriə/; Greek: plesios meaning 'near to' and sauros meaning 'lizard') is an order of Mesozoic marine reptiles (sauropsida). Plesiosaurs first appeared in the Early Jurassic (and possibly Rhaetian, latest Triassic) Period[1] and became especially common during the Jurassic Period, thriving until the Cretaceous--Paleogene extinction at the end of the Cretaceous Period. They had a worldwide distribution. The name "plesiosaur" is used to refer to the order Plesiosauria as a whole, not only to the long-necked forms (suborder Plesiosauroidea). These latter constitute the plesiosaurs in the popular imagination ("Nessie", "Nahuelito").

http://wn.com/GTA_5_Underwater_search_for_PLESIOSAUR

photo: AP / David Mercer

A man stands near a pickup that belonged to farmer Curt Zehr after a tornado blew through Zehr's farm on Sunday, Nov. 17. 2013.

Edit

Six killed as tornadoes rip through US Midwest

South China Morning Post

18 Nov 2013

A fast-moving storm system triggered multiple tornadoes on Sunday that killed at least six people and flattened large parts of a town in Illinois as it tore across the Midwest, authorities said. The tornadoes levelled scores of homes and demolished entire neighbourhoods ... Traffic was halted briefly at Chicago’s two major airports, and tens of thousands of people in several states lost power ... Devastation ... ....(size: 2.7Kb)

photo: AP / Vincent Yu

Villagers stranded by last week's Typhoon Haiyan scramble for aid from a U.S. Navy Sea Hawk helicopter from the U.S. aircraft carrier USS George Washington in the coastal town of Tanawan, central Philippines Sunday, Nov. 17. 2013.

Edit

Water a pressing concern for Haiyan survivors

The Hindu

17 Nov 2013

Since the typhoon hit, Danny Estember, a 50-year-old ambulance driver, has been hiking three hours round-trip into the mountains each day to obtain what he can only hope is clean water for his five daughters and two sons. The exhausting journey is necessary because safe water is desperately scarce in this storm-ravaged portion of the Philippines ... With at least 6,00,000 people homeless, the demand is massive ... Estember said ... The U.S ... ....(size: 5.4Kb)

photo: WN / Guillaume Poulet-Mathis

Edit

Qatar migrant workers 'treated like animals' - Amnesty

BBC News

17 Nov 2013

17 November 2013 Last updated at 22.58 GMT. Qatar's construction sector is rife with abuse, Amnesty International (AI) has said in a report published as work begins on Fifa World Cup 2022 stadiums. Amnesty says migrant workers are often subjected to non-payment of wages, dangerous working conditions and squalid accommodation ... Read more ... ....(size: 2.1Kb)

photo: AP / Wally Santana

Desperate villagers rush to a window of a U.S. Navy Seahawk helicopter as crewmen deliver aid in an emergency drop in San Jose, Philippines, Monday, Nov. 18, 2013.

Edit

Aid efforts in Philippines hit high gear

Al Jazeera

18 Nov 2013

Global relief efforts in the Philippines have kicked into high gear, with aid workers, heavy equipment and life-saving supplies flowing into regions devastated by Typhoon Haiyan. There were initial signs on Monday that communities were beginning to shift from survival mode to the early stages of recovery ... Nevertheless, residents are desperate to leave the disaster zone amid growing concerns over the lack of food and medicine....(size: 4.1Kb)

« back to news headlines

Edit

Alien Life May Thrive in Impact Craters

Space

13 Nov 2013

Credit. Don Davis/CORBIS View full size image ... Caption ... Credit ... The flora at the bottom of the core reveal that vegetation had been recovering for a few thousand years after the Boltysh impact, until the Cretaceous–Paleogene impact decimated the vegetation, along with the dinosaurs ... The sediments also record changes in carbon that coincide with a period of warming during the first few hundred thousand years of the early Paleogene ... ....(size: 8.6Kb)

Edit

Dino impact also decimated bees, says study

BBC News

25 Oct 2013

Scientists say there was a widespread extinction of bees 66 million years ago, at the same time as the event that killed off the dinosaurs. The demise of the dinosaurs was almost certainly the result of an asteroid or comet hitting Earth ... Previous studies had suggested a widespread extinction among flowering plants during the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) extinction event 66 million years ago ... ....(size: 2.4Kb)

Edit

Ancient Bees May Have Been Wiped Out with the Dinosaurs

Yahoo Daily News

24 Oct 2013

Peering back into the lineages of the bees, the scientists noticed something unusual with all four groups, beginning roughly 65 million years ago, at the boundary between the Cretaceous and Paleogene periods ... This is an indication of a mass extinction event." [The 10 Weirdest Animal Discoveries]. The end of the Cretaceous Period, corresponding to the beginning of the Paleogene Period, was already known to be a dynamic time in history....(size: 3.9Kb)

Edit

Ancient Bees Were Wiped Out with the Dinosaurs

Inhabitat

24 Oct 2013

A report published this week in PLOS ONE details the decline of carpenter bees between the Cretaceous and Paleogene eras, when the mass dinosaur extinction is believed to have occurred ... + PLOS ONE. Via Phys Org. Images ©the_azure_world and ©joosteto. 0 ... ....(size: 1.3Kb)

Edit

Bees underwent extinction same time as dinos 65 mln yrs ago

Newstrack India

24 Oct 2013

Tweet ... Lead author Sandra Rehan, an assistant professor of biological sciences at UNH, worked with colleagues Michael Schwarz at Australia's Flinders University and Remko Leys at the South Australia Museum to model a mass extinction in bee group Xylocopinae, or carpenter bees, at the end of the Cretaceous and beginning of the Paleogene eras, known as the K-T boundary ... ) .. ). ... . . . . . .. . . .. ....(size: 2.0Kb)

Edit

Bees were wiped out with dinosaurs 65 million years ago

The Times of India

24 Oct 2013

WASHINGTON ... Lead author Sandra Rehan, an assistant professor of biological sciences at University of New Hampshire (UNH), and colleagues modelled a mass extinction in bee group Xylocopinae, or carpenter bees, at the end of the Cretaceous and beginning of the Paleogene eras, known as the K-T boundary ... The study was published in the journal PLOS ONE. ....(size: 1.9Kb)

Edit

DNA tests reveal bees died out with dinosaurs but made comeback

The Daily Mail

23 Oct 2013

... of the Paleogene eras....(size: 0.2Kb)

Edit

Government Shutdown Stops T. Rex Trek in Its Tracks

Yahoo Daily News

07 Oct 2013

The ongoing government shutdown has stalled plans to haul a near-complete T. rex fossil to its new home at the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, a federal institution forced to shut its doors last week. The T ... 11) for a cross-country road trip ... [See Images of the T ... It was one of the largest known carnivorous dinosaurs and one of the last non-avian dinosaurs to roam Earth before to the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event....(size: 2.8Kb)

Edit

Partial gov't shutdown stops T. Rex cold

Fox News

07 Oct 2013

By Megan GannonPublished October 07, 2013LiveScience. A cast of the Tyrannosaurus rex skeleton known as the Wankel T. rex was installed in front of the Museum of the Rockies at Montana State University in Bozeman, Montana in 2001 ... Army CorpsPhoto courtesy Museum of the Rockies ... T ... It was one of the largest known carnivorous dinosaurs and one of the last non-avian dinosaurs to roam Earth before to the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event....(size: 3.7Kb)

Edit

Who do you fin you are? Tuna's odd family tree (University of Oxford)

noodls

05 Sep 2013

(Source. University of Oxford) ... The team, led by Dr Masaki Miya at Chiba Natural History Museum in Japan, suggests that this extended family of fishes might owe its success today to the devastating extinction that marked the demise of dinosaurs and many other creatures 66 million years ago ... 'Pelagia' ... Notes for Editors . ... Members of a Paleogene Adaptive Radiation with 14 Other Pelagic Fish Families', is published in the journal PLOS ONE....(size: 4.4Kb)

Edit

State-dependent climate sensitivity in past warm climates and its implications for future climate projections

PNAS

02 Aug 2013

Recent progress in temperature proxies dramatically increases the magnitude of warming reconstructed from early Paleogene greenhouse climates and demands a close examination of the forcing and feedback mechanisms that maintained this warmth and the broad dynamic range that these paleoclimate records attest to ... and early Paleogene configurations....(size: 1.7Kb)

Edit

OTC reflects shades of NASA

Houston Chronicle

08 Jul 2013

We see a familiar sense of mission driving the offshore technology industry meeting here this week ... You want extremes? How about the 350 degrees Farenheit temperatures and pressures of 20,000 pounds per square inch being encountered by BP, Royal Dutch Shell and others as they explore the Gulf of Mexico's Paleogene Region ("Time of easy oil and gas is gone," Page A1, Wednesday, May 8)? ... That's an understatement....(size: 2.0Kb)

Edit

Loch Ness Monster Is Simply A Geological Phenomenon

The Inquisitr

01 Jul 2013

Many have theorized both the existence of the Loch Ness Monster and its origins – suggesting the animal is the living ancestor from the order plesiosauria, Mesozoic marine reptiles (sauropsida) who first appeared in the early Jurassic Period and thrived until the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction at the end of the Cretaceous Period. Still irrefutable proof of the creature’s existence has been elusive ... However, Dr ... [Feature image via ]....(size: 2.2Kb)

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleogene

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.

Top Bludgeon, Zero Tolerance

Revolving obstacle
Another raw deal
Understand my pain
Try to accept it's real
Can you hear the voices?
Do you feel the stares?
Watch them try to break you
Because you don't care!
You don't care!
Keep your life, I don't want it
I'll never be like you!
Keep your life, I don't need it
I'm revived without you!
Keep your life, I don't want it
I'll never be like you!
Keep your life, I don't need it
I'm revived without you!
Can you hear the voices?
Do you feel the stares?
Watch them try to break you
Because you don't care!
Can you hear the voices?
Do you feel the stares?
Watch them try to break you

Top Bludgeon, World Controlled

It's in the air we breath
Within the lies you read
This is what we create
Accepting soulless hate
A world controlled be greed
As if for life you'll bleed
There's nowhere left to run
Punishment has just begun
Our world
Our blood
Our fate corrupting me with hate
Our world
Our blood
Our fate
There's so much more at stake
I stand alone an empty space called
Existing only to be a step beyond
Was greed pain death torments me
Was greed pain death torments me
Can I escape this isolation am I awake a cold tired state
Should I believe that what I see is true
Or should I turn and walk away from you you you from you...
I stand alone and empty space called

Top Bludgeon, Voluntary Manslaughter

The punishment
You pay with your blood
Another victim
Death is a drug
The afflictions
Not dreams in your mind
The punishment
You will die!
Your ignorance
Appeases me
Your suffering
My ecstasy
You want to live
Beg for your life
The punishment
You will die!
Impale your corpse
Prolong decay
Preserve your flesh
Before you rot away
[Repeat]
-Let them take you away
The punishment
You pay with your blood
Another victim
Death is a drug
The afflictions
Not dreams in your mind
The punishment
You will die!
Impale your corpse
Screaming, bleeding

Top Bludgeon, Unholy Murder

They watch your blood run dry
As you walk without fear
Hiding behind the ignorance
Of evil that appears
I prey upon the weak
To institute a crime
Set free their souls within
Eternity is mine
Inner remorse
Your cries unanswered
Tightening the ropes
Destined to take your life
You'll beg for mercy
From sacrifice
Unholy murder
Of human life
You'll beg for mercy
From sacrifice
Unholy murder
Of human life
Unholy murder
Unholy murder
Unholy murder
Fuck human life
The loss of freedom
The loss of life
I'll slit your throat and watch the blood run dry
I'll watch the blood run dry
I'll watch the blood run dry
I'll watch the blood run dry

Top Bludgeon, Turmoil

Inside this hell
Empty thoughts imprison me
Revealing all
That's left internally
Am I alive, what has become of me?
Have I just died, has life swallowed me?
Push me, to the edge; I'll push back!
Shut down, with lies; React!
[Repeat]
Judging me by what you see
In your mind you envy me
You're smiling to my face
In my back you push the blade
Inside this hell
Empty thoughts imprison me
Revealing all
That's left internally
Am I alive, what has become of me?
Have I just died, has life swallowed me?
Push me, to the edge; I'll push back!
Shut down, with lies; React!
[Repeat]
Reach back inside of me
Reach back inside of me
Reach back inside of me
Reach back inside!
Reach, reach, reach, reach!
Inside this hell
Empty thoughts imprison me
Revealing all

Top Bludgeon, Torturized Through Lies

Darkness, buried beneath it all
Gripping solitude
Empty souls, with tears of blood
Violence consumes
Scarified, randomly
Hidden behind the lies
Reclusive, suffering
Just to rectify
Tortured through lies!
Tortured through lies!
Mortified, the bleeding souls
Flourish from the ground
Begging for forgiveness
In a god...who's never found!
Darkness, buried beneath it all
Gripping solitude
Empty souls, with tears of blood
Violence consumes
Scarified, randomly
Hidden behind the lies
Reclusive, suffering
Just to rectify
Tortured through lies!

Top Bludgeon, Stained In Blood

A painted portrait,
Stained in blood
This is a painting,
Of my love...
Gone, gone, gone!
I can't explain,
It's killing me
Am I to blame?
It's you or me
I am addicted,
To living flesh
Am I alone?
My fear of death
Can you describe, being burned alive?
Can you feel it, rip you from inside...?
Rip, rip, rip!
A painted portrait,
Stained in blood
This is a painting,
Of my love...
Stained in blood
Stained in blood
Stained in blood
Stained in blood
You're wanting to die!
You're wanting to die!
You're wanting to die!
Forgive them, For killing!
Stained in blood
Stained in blood
Stained in blood

Top Bludgeon, Smoke Screen

The button's been pushed
Five hours left to live
Chaos all around
As you prepare...to die
Look to the sky
You long to see light
Sit and laugh
Watch the earth
Regress
Destruction awaits
Futile mass, divine aphasia morality,
No longer exists
Struggling, striving existence!
Burning flame
Scream in pain
Intense heat
Smoke screen!
Nothing is left
Nothing but death
No one survives
The smoke screen!
Burning flame
Scream in pain
Know one survives
The smoke screen!
Incarcerate
Incandescent light
Feel the fire start to burn
As you prepare to die!

Top Bludgeon, Save Your Servant

How come it seems like it never goes right
Another struggle in this fucked-up life
Consumed by anger, infected with rage
My life will never be the same
Tortured, tormented, left to die
This punishment of war is suffering
Carcasses buried in unmarked graves
Distorted faces start to fade
Bodies emerged in pools of blood
The hollowed voices of the dead
Tortured, tormented, left to die
I'm losing grip of reality
Intoxicated from rotting flesh
A prisoner of my own demise
Your worthless existence why don't you end it all
Why don't you end it all, why don't you end it all
There's no escape from this hell
I'm trapped within myself
Tortured, tormented, tortured, tormented
Tortured, tormented, tortured

Top Bludgeon, Refuse The True

Penetrating affection
The sensation overcomes you
Everyday seems like the last
It's time to face the truth
Slipping away opportunity slowly fades
Sucked in your world turns black exposed you weakened and afraid
Sucked in your world turns black imprisoned blinded by your rage
Sucked in your world turns black forcing you to relive everyday
Sucked in your world turns black
Whoever thought it would end like this
Sucked in your world turns black your lost faith you walked away
Sucked in your world turns black
Accept the fucking facts
You will not hold me back
Your hate has you enslaved
Leaving you to feel betrayed you're the one who betrayed motherfucker
Refuse the truth I will not fucking change
Refuse cut loose take off the fucking chains
Refuse abuse I'm not your fucking slave
Refuse to lose no longer kept restrained
Bias I will not be controlled
Slipping away opportunity slowly fades
Sucked in your world turns black exposed you weakened and afraid
Sucked in your world turns black
Accept the fucking facts
You will not hold me back
Your hate has you enslaved
Leaving you to feel betrayed
Refuse the truth I will not fucking change
Refuse cut loose take off the fucking chains
Refuse abuse I'm not your fucking slave

Top Bludgeon, Out Of Reach

Why are you always trying to manipulate
Corrupting with me your beliefs
What makes you think you have all the answers
You're too ignorant to see the truth
Abusing, neglecting and ready to betray at will
Get a grip on life and take a look at yourself
You're like a disease, infecting me
A parasite infesting my brain
Despite what you say, you can't control me
I won't let you bring me down
I'm stepping away, I'm stepping away
I'm stepping away, away from the bullshit
You seem to think that I'm inferior
Are you superior to me
Undermining everything I say
Unsupporting of my beliefs
You ridicule my every move
Suppressing my innermost thoughts
I'm stepping away, away from your sovereignty
I'm taking my life back, taking my life
Back I'm stepping away, away from the bullshit
I'm taking my life back and taking a step back
I'm taking my life back
So don't turn your back on me
Destructive, infecting, spreading like a disease
You saturate my mind with hate
Controlling I'm not your fucking slave

Top Bludgeon, Last Rights

Father forgive them
They mean no harm
They know not what they do
Or what they've done
Suicide and murder
You pay your last respects
Hundreds more will follow
Unexplainable death
Searching for salvation
You're reaching for the light
Nothing but darkness
Nothing in sight
Take a look through my eyes
Does it look the same?
Can you pull the trigger?
End your life in vain?
In vain, in vain, in vain?
No burning desire
No will to live
Constant denial
Rejection lives
[Repeat]
You must reach deep within
Reach deep...you'll find
Your life... is worth living
Not a waste of time!
Awakening, no demise!

Top Bludgeon, Inner Hell

Can you predict,
The pain of knowing what's inside?
Twisted psychotic vision,
Thoughts of suicide?
Revelation of the future
Blood beyond belief
You feel the nails,
Driven in your chosen one
He is the one you say
Killed the antichrist
Suicide slow coming
Onslaught of flesh and blood
Releasing your soul
Your cries no longer feared
He is the one you say
Killed the antichrist
Savior of life.... Jesus Christ!
Pray for the holy one!
Pay for sins!
Pray for the holy one!
Pray...alone...your soul...
you'll pay!
Unbound...
Walk through the valley of hatred
Renounce...
Know when your savior is gone
Your Cries...
Hatred within your eyes
Repent...
Know when you're savior is gone
Can you predict,
The pain of knowing what's inside?
Twisted psychotic vision,
Thoughts of suicide?
Your pain!

Top Bludgeon, Infidel

Answers in front of you
Afraid to see the truth
Hindering thoughts of sorrow
Shrouding your recluse
Resentment keeps you under
Drowning in disbelief
Living with this scares you suffer
Longing to be set free
I see the hate inside you
I see the pain it brings
I hear the cries before me
I feel your agony, your agony
This lie you hide behind
Blinded with ignorance
Reveals just want you'll find
A frail existence
You must erase
You must replace
Prolong disorder

Top Bludgeon, Idle Distinction

In the dark emptiness
My soul bleeds pain
Through the suffering
Life is drained
To release the anger
Anger that builds
Violent screams of victims
Are echoing within...within!
Scorn, scorn, scorn, scorn!
Looked on as one
Violence becomes
A vision of blood
Judge and jury!
A vagrant to some
Warned I will come
Warfare's begun,
Judge and jury!
Looked on as one
Violence becomes
A vision of blood
A vagrant to some
Warned I will come
Warfare's begun!
Warfare's begun!
Warfare's begun!
You've been warned,
I will come!

Top Bludgeon, Hunt Or Be Hunted

Rebirth from darkness
Watching the fires grow
The dead have risen chaos controls
Armies of corpses
Hunger within
Unlashing terror carnage begins
Bodies unfold staring at black-skies
Mutilated flesh giving the dead new life
Lifeless remains on which zombies feed
Hunt or be hunted now you believe
Half eaten corpses will rise again
Hungry to feed on the living luring
Millions to their deaths screaming for help within your last breath
Now that you're infected hunger setting up
Upon my resurrection
I live to walk again
Bodies unfold staring at black-skies
Mutilated flesh giving the dead new life
Lifeless remains on which zombies feed
Hunt or be hunted now you believe
Now you believe now you believe
Do now you believe
Armies of corpses
Hunger within

Top Bludgeon, Crucify The Priest

Taste the blood, tranquilize
Taste new life, satisfied
Taste the blood, tranquilize
Taste new life, indulge
Crucify the priest
Drink his blood
Hail the beast!
Arise from the grave
Offering of god's slave
Taste the blood, tranquilize
Taste new life, satisfied
Taste the blood, tranquilize
Taste new life, indulge
Crucify!
Infestation, the priest must die!
Crucified to the cross!
Taste the blood, tranquilize
Taste new life, satisfied
Taste the blood, tranquilize
Taste new life, indulge
Crucify the priest, crucify, crucify
Crucify the priest, crucify...

Top Bludgeon, Consumed

My blood boils, clenching my fists with rage
Revealing my hostility
Should I embrace this hate
Clouding my thoughts with anger
As my impatience grows
Uncertain of the outcome
No sense of self-control
Cold eyes stare, hollow and empty
Trying to erase the past, replace the envy
Antagonistic peace of shit, so full of bitterness
Integrity is what you lack
Disgraceful, your pleasantry
A shallow senseless ploy
You try to see if I'll fight back
Impulsive, relentless and full of mal intent
Sheltered and anchored within you
Complex, with animosity I don't know what the fuck you want from me
Is this just part of an excuse
Clouding my thoughts with anger
Clenching my fists with rage
Uncertain of the outcome

Top Bludgeon, Carnage Begins

A blood lust cures the thirst I keep
With intent to prey upon the weak addicted
I crave the taste of fear
As death grows more victims will appear
With each breath you feel the grasp of fear
Sweat drips covering your face terrified afraid o what
I'll find closing my eyes letting my rage blind...
Cemeteries filling up
As the bodies multiply
Manifest with no remorser for life
On a killing spree evidence is hard to find
Disguised by hypocrisy
No motive for disfiguring
10 nameless bodies found
Decapitated with no limbs buried under ground
A blood lust cures the thirts I keep
With intent to prey upon the weak addicted
I crave the taste of fear
As death grows more victims will appear
You try so hard but you can not replace
The memories that you once embraced
A hollow shell can not erase the past
Drowned your sorrows in an empty glass...
Cemeteries filling up

Top Bludgeon, Bound

You feel the pressure building
You feel the walls cave in
All around you so much tension
Someone to pull the string
Reality sets in
Realizing it's not a dream
Wake up and face the truth
Release me, set me free!
Can't take the pain
I feel the strain
Drive me insane
With pressure
Can't take the pain
I feel the strain
Drive me insane
It was you!
It was you!
You mother fucker!
Blasphemy,
Conflicting,
Between heaven and hell
Release me, set me free
In the eyes of god..
You feel the pressure building
You feel the walls cave in
All around you so much tension

Top Bludgeon, Bitter Emptiness

Cold stares shatter like glass
The emptiness surrounds you
Reflecting on the past
Change the road you're on
Conditiones to live one way
Separate and break away
Break this mold they've made for you
Re-create and find the truth
We are all part of the same struggle
Just fighting to stay alive
We should be on the same level
Why can't we see eye to eye
Conditiones to live one way
Separate and break away
Break this mold they've made for you
Re-create and find the truth
Boundless and bare we struggle
Striving through obscurity
Our heritage battered half-sunken and shattered
All for one's fortune and greed
We're all part of the same struggle
Just fighting to stay alive
We should be on the same level

Top Bludgeon, Awakening

It's no use you don't understand
I thought I knew you I was wrong
This is my wale up call
Now that I'm backed against the wall
Nothing you do can take this away
You can't break what I've fucking made
Nothing you do I stare in defiance
Deny your malice surrender my silence
I can't help that you're stuck there
A victim of your abuse
Trapped in this realty
A few steps from the truth
Camouflaged by your lies corrupted
I never liked you in the first place
Your one step closer to crossing the line
It's time you learn some respect
I'm not even going waste my breath
Mother fucker you're a waste of time
Reflecting with anger before the moment gone
It's time to learn some respect
Nothing you can do can take this away
You can't break what I've fucking made
Trapping in reality a few steps from the truth

Top Bludgeon, Abandoned

Screams they surround you,
Only to be pleased
Erotic satisfaction,
My dominating need
Many cry in sorrow,
Many still believe
Beg to see tomorrow,
Begging as you slowly bleed
See her eyes before you,
Weep tears of blood
Shed away the anger,
Repair what has been done!
Watching as you bleed,
It takes away my pain
Making me feel sane,
Cure my sanity
Creature of insanity,
Born to sacrifice
Creature of humanity,
Forged through Satan's eyes
Watching as you bleed
Hear your fucking screams,
Take away the pain!
Take away the pain!
Many cry in sorrow,
Many still believe
Beg to see tomorrow,
Begging as you slowly bleed
See her eyes before you,
Weep tears of blood
Shed away the anger,
Repair what has been done!
Repair what has been done!
Repair what has been done!