RPG is a high-level programming language (HLL) for business applications.

It has a long history, having been developed by IBM in 1959 as the Report Program Generator - a tool to replicate card processing on the IBM 1401^[1] then updated to RPG II for the IBM System/3 in the late 1960s, and since evolved into an HLL equivalent to COBOL and PL/I. It remains a popular programming language on the IBM Power i platform where the current version, RPG IV (aka ILE RPG), provides a modern programming environment.

While IBM is the creator and primary vendor of RPG the language is available from other mainframe and microcomputer manufacturers, including Unisys.

Overview[link]

An RPG program typically starts off with File Specifications, listing all files being written to, read from or updated, followed by Data Definition Specifications containing program elements such as Data Structures and dimensional arrays, much like a "Working-Storage" section of a COBOL program or var statements in a Pascal program. This is followed by Calculation Specifications, which contain the actual meat of the code. Output Specifications can follow which can be used to determine the layout of other files or reports. Alternatively files, some data structures and reports can be defined externally, mostly eliminating the need to hand code input and output specifications.

In the early days of RPG, its major strength was known as the program cycle: every RPG program executes within an implied loop, which can apply the program to every record of a file. At that time each record (individual punched card) would be compared to each line in the program, which would act upon the record, or not, based upon whether that line had an "indicator" turned "on" or "off" — from a set of logical variables numbered 01–99 for user-defined purposes, or other smaller sets based upon record, field, or report processing functions. The concept of level breaks and matching records is unique to the RPG II language, and was originally developed with card readers in mind.

Today, most RPG programmers avoid using the cycle in favor of controlling the flow of the program with standard looping constructs.

History[link]

RPG is one of the few languages created for punched card machines that is still in common use today. This is because the language has evolved considerably over time. It was originally developed by IBM in 1959. The name Report Program Generator was descriptive of the purpose of the language: generation of reports from data files, including matching record and sub-total reports.

FARGO (Fourteen-o-one Automatic Report Generation Operation) was the predecessor to RPG on the IBM 1401 . Both languages were intended to facilitate ease of transition for IBM tabulating machine (Tab) unit record equipment technicians to the then new computers.

Tab machine technicians were accustomed to plugging wires into control panels to implement input, output, control and counter operations (add, subtract, multiply, divide). Tab machines programs were executed by impulses emitted in a machine cycle; hence, FARGO and RPG emulated the notion of the machine cycle with the program cycle. RPG was superior to and rapidly replaced FARGO as the report generator program of choice.

The alternative languages generally available at the time were Assembler, COBOL or FORTRAN. COBOL was a natural language-like business oriented language and FORTRAN was a language that facilitated mathematical applications. Other languages of the era included ALGOL and Autocoder and a few years later PL/1. Assembler and COBOL were more common in mainframe business operations (System/360 models 30 and above) and RPG more commonly used by customers who were in transition from tabulating equipment (System/360 model 20).

Language evolution[link]

RPG II was introduced with the System/3 series of computers. It was later used on System/32, System/34, and System/36, with an improved version of the language. ICL also produced a version on its VME/K operating system

RPG III was created for the System/38 and its successor the AS/400 . RPG III significantly departed from the original language, providing modern structured constructs like IF-ENDIF blocks, DO loops, and subroutines (RPG2 Supported Subroutines). RPG III was also available for larger systems including the IBM System/370 mainframe running OS/VS1. It was also available from Unisys for the VS/9 operating system running on the Univac 90/60 mainframe.

DE/RPG or Data Entry RPG was exclusively available on the IBM 5280 series of data-entry workstations in the early 80s. It was similar to RPG III but lacking external Data Descriptions (DDS) to describe data(files) like on the System/38 and its successors. Instead, the DDS part had to be included into the RPG source itself.

RPG/400 was effectively RPGIII running on AS/400. IBM renamed the RPG compiler as "RPG/400" but it was identical to the RPGIII compiler on System/38. The rebranding took place to differentiate between the earlier CISC (Complete Instruction Set Compile) on the beige boxes to the later 'faster' RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Compile), usually on the black servers. Virtually all IBM products were rebranded as xxx/400 and the RPG compiler was no exception. RPGIII compiled with the RPG/400 compiler offered nothing new to the RPGIII language until IBM began development of new operation codes, such SCAN, CAT and XLATE after several years of AS/400 availability. These enhancements to RPGIII were not available in the System/38 version of RPGIII.

RPG IV (aka RPGLE, aka ILE RPG^[2]) was released in 1994 and the name, officially, was no longer an initialism. RPG IV offered a greater variety of expressions within its Extended Factor-2 Calculation Specification and, later in life, its free-format Calculation Specifications and Procedure syntax. RPG IV is the only version of RPG supported by IBM on its long-line of successors to the AS/400 system.

RPG IV, a modern language[link]

In 2001, with the release of OS/400 V5R1, RPG IV offered even greater freedom for calculations than offered by the Extended Factor-2 Calculation Specification: a free-format text-capable source entry, as an alternative to the original column-dependent source format. The "/FREE" calculation does not require the operation code to be placed in a particular column; the operation code is optional for the EVAL and CALLP operations; and syntax generally more closely resembles that of mainstream, general-purpose programming languages. However, the free format only applies to the calculation specifications. F and D specifications still need to be in column-dependent format.

Today, RPG IV is a considerably more robust language. Editing can still be done via the simple green screen editor (even though syntax checking is not supported for features introduced from OS 7.1 onwards) or it can be edited via PC using IBM's Websphere Development Studio now named RDi (Rational Development Studio for i) a customized implementation of Eclipse. IBM is continually extending its capabilities and adding more built-in functions (BIFs). It has the ability to link to Java objects,^[3] and i5/OS APIs; it can be used to write CGI programs with the help of IBM's Cgidev2 web toolkit,^[4] RPGLIB (a collection of hundreds of pre-written RPG IV routines), CGILIB, the RPG Toolbox, and other commercial Web enabled packages. Even with the changes, it retains a great deal of backward compatibility, so an RPG program written 37 years ago could run today with little or no modification.

Furthermore, with the implementation of the SQL Precompiler, current RPG developers can take advantage of IBM's cost-based SQE (SQL Query Engine). As opposed to the traditional F-Spec approach, where a developer identified a specific access path to a data set, a developer can now implement standard embedded SQL statements directly in the program. When compiled, the SQL Precompiler transforms the invalid embedded SQL statements into valid RPG statements that call the database manager programs that ultimately implement the query request.

OS/400 was later renamed i5/OS to correspond with the new IBM System i5 branding initiative; the 5 was later dropped in favor of just System i. In March 2008 i5/OS was renamed IBM i as part of the Power Systems consolidation of System i and System p product lines. The new Power Systems also adopt more mainstream version numbers, substituting 6.1 for the twenty year old V1R1M0 notation. The latest release is now referred to as IBM i 7.1 and fully supports the RPG IV language, as well as many others. WebSphere Development Studio Client (WDSC) is now referred to as Rational Developer for i (RDi), of which three product levels are available. They are called Rational Developer for i (RDi), RDi Service Oriented Architecture (RDi SOA), and Rational Application Developer (RAD). The new lineup provides in more granular packaging all of the development tools and support previously offered by WDSC and WDSC Advanced Edition.

Some of the more unmodern features of the language include the dependency on the EBCDIC character sets which means that use of UTF-8 requires considerable effort and is quite risky (the programmer has to take responsibility not to get his/her character data mixed up with a single byte CCSID), whereas 16 bit characters (e.g. UTF-16) are supported directly via a separate datatype (Graphic). The threadsafeness of the language is also a bit odd as the compiler team has solved this by giving each thread its own static storage, rather than make the RPG run-time environment re-entrant. This has been noted to meddle up the distinction between a thread and a process (making RPG IV threads a kind of hybrid between threads and processes).

Data types[link]

RPG supports the following data types.^[5][6]

Example code[link]

The following program receives a customer number as an input parameter and returns the name and address as output parameters.

      * Historically RPG is columnar in nature, though free-formatting
      * is allowed under particular circumstances.
      * The purpose of various lines code are determined by a
      * letter code in column 6.
      * An asterisk (*) in column 7 denotes a comment line

      * "F" (file) specs define files and other i/o devices
     F ARMstF1   IF   E       K     Disk    Rename(ARMST:RARMST)
      

      * "D" specs are used to define variables
     D pCusNo          S              6p 0
     D pName           S             30a
     D pAddr1          S             30a
     D pAddr2          S             30a
     D pCity           S             25a
     D pState          S              2a
     D pZip            S             10a

      * "C" (calculation) specs are used for executable statements
      * Parameters are defined using plist and parm opcodes
     C     *entry        plist
     C                   parm                    pCusNo
     C                   parm                    pName
     C                   parm                    pAddr1
     C                   parm                    pAddr2
     C                   parm                    pCity
     C                   parm                    pState
     C                   parm                    pZip

      * The "chain" command is used for random access of a keyed file
     C     pCusNo        chain     ARMstF1

      * If a record is found, move fields from the file into parameters
     C                   if        %found
     C                   eval      pName  = ARNm01
     C                   eval      pAddr1 = ARAd01
     C                   eval      pAddr2 = ARAd02
     C                   eval      pCity  = ARCy01
     C                   eval      pState = ARSt01
     C                   eval      pZip   = ARZp15
     C                   endif

      * RPG makes use of switches.  One switch "LR" originally stood for "last record"
      * LR actually flags the program and its dataspace as removable from memory.
     C                   eval      *InLR = *On

The same program using free calculations:

      * "F" (file) specs define files and other i/o devices
     FARMstF1   IF   E        K     Disk    Rename(ARMST:RARMST)

      * "D" specs are used to define variables and parameters
      * The "prototype" for the program is in a separate file
      * allowing other programs to call it
      /copy cust_pr
      * The "procedure interface" describes the *ENTRY parameters
     D getCustInf      PI
     D  pCusNo                        6p 0   const
     D  pName                        30a
     D  pAddr1                       30a
     D  pAddr2                       30a
     D  pCity                        25a
     D  pState                        2a
     D  pZip                         10a
      /free
        // The "chain" command is used for random access of a keyed file
        chain pCusNo ARMstF1;

        // If a record is found, move fields from the file into parameters
        if %found;
           pName  = ARNm01;
           pAddr1 = ARAd01;
           pAddr2 = ARAd02;
           pCity  = ARCy01;
           pState = ARSt01;
           pZip   = ARZp15;
        endif;

      // RPG makes use of switches.  One switch "LR" originally stood for "last record"
      // LR actually flags the program and its dataspace as removable from memory.
        *InLR = *On;
      /end-free

Assume the ARMSTF1 example table was created using the following SQL Statement:

create table armstf1
(arcnum decimal(7,0),
 arname char(30),
 aradd1 char(30),
 aradd2 char(30),
 arcity char(25),
 arstte char(2),
 arzip  char(10))

The same program using free calculations and embedded SQL:

      * RPG IV no longer requires the use of the *INLR indicator to terminate a program.
      * by using the MAIN keyword on the "H" (Header) spec, and identifying the "main" or
      * entry procedure name, the program will begin and end normally without using the
      * decades-old RPG Cycle and instead a more "C like" begin and end logic.
     H  MAIN('GETCUSTINF')
      * "D" specs are used to define variables and parameters
      * The "prototype" for the program is in a separate file
      * allowing other programs to call it
      /copy cust_pr
      * The "procedure interface" describes the *ENTRY parameters
     D getCustInf      PI
     D  pCusNo                        6p 0   const
     D  pName                        30a
     D  pAddr1                       30a
     D  pAddr2                       30a
     D  pCity                        25a
     D  pState                        2a
     D  pZip                         10a
      /free
        exec sql select arName, arAddr1, arAdd2, arCity, arStte, arZip
                 into  :pName, :pAddr1, :pAddr2, :pCity, :pState, :pZip
                 from   ARMstF1
                 where  arCNum = :pCusNo
                 for fetch only
                 fetch first 1 row only
                 optimize for 1 row
                 with CS;
      /end-free

As of V7R1 of the operating system, the above program could be (correctly, completely) written as:

     H main(GetCustInf)
     D ARMSTF1       E DS
     P GetCustInf      B
     D GetCustInf      PI                  extpgm('CUS001')
     D  inCusNo                            like(arCNum) const
     D  outName                            like(arName)
     D  outAddr1                           like(arAdd1)
     D  outAddr2                           like(arAdd2)
     D  outCity                            like(arCity)
     D  outState                           like(arStte)
     D  outZip                             like(arZip)
      /free
       exec sql select arName, arAdd1, arAdd2, arCity, arStte, arZip
                into  :outName, :outAddr1, :outAddr2, :outCity, :outState,
                      :outZip
                from   ARMSTF1
                where  arCNum = :inCusNo
                fetch first 1 row only
                with CS
                use currently committed;
      /end-free
     P GetCustInf      E

Platforms[link]

As stated above, the RPG programming language originally was introduced by IBM for their proprietary 1401, /360, /3, /32, /34, /36, /38 AS/400 and System i systems. There have also been implementations for the Digital VAX, Sperry Univac BC/7, Univac system 80, Siemens BS2000, Burroughs B700, B1700, Hewlett Packard HP3000, ICL 2900 series, Honeywell 6220 and 2020, Four-Phase IV/70 and IV/90 series and WANG VS, as well as miscellaneous compilers & runtime environments for Unix-based systems (INFINITE 36 (formerly UNIBOL36)) and PCs (Baby/400, Lattice-RPG).

The latest platform to receive an RPG compiler is Windows .Net through the WINRPG compiler. This version contains extensions to RPG IV beyond that of the base IBM compiler. These extensions provide Windows and .Net hooks.

RPG II applications are still supported under the IBM z/VSE and z/OS operating systems, HP MPE operating system on HP3000 and the OpenVMS operating system on VAX, Alpha, and Unisys MCP.

References[link]

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2008)

Further reading[link]

• McGee, W.C. (September 1981). "Data Base Technology" (PDF). IBM Journal of Research and Development (IBM) 25 (5, 25th Anniversary Issue): 514. http://www.research.ibm.com/journal/rd/255/ibmrd2505O.pdf. "...original report program generator was the IBM Report Program Generator introduced in the early 1960s for the IBM 1401 computer. It was patterned after the SHARE 9PAC system..." 
• "9PAC, Report Generator". History of Programming Languages (HOPL), Murdoch University, AU. 2006. http://hopl.murdoch.edu.au/showlanguage2.prx?exp=35. 
• "RPG, Report Program Generator". History of Programming Languages (HOPL), Murdoch University, AU. 2006. http://hopl.murdoch.edu.au/showlanguage2.prx?exp=207. 
• DuCharme, Bob (2006-02-26). "Pulling data out of computers in the mid-twentieth and early twenty-first centuries". http://www.snee.com/bobdc.blog/2006/02/pulling_data_out_of_computers.html. 
• Cozzi, Robert (1996). "The Modern RPG IV Language". http://mc-store.com/5080.html. 
• Shelly, Gary B.; Thomas J. Cashman (1977). Introduction to Computer Programming RPG. Fullerton, California: Anaheim Publishing Company. ISBN 0-88236-225-9. 

External links[link]

• Smith, Brian R.; Martin Barbeau, Susan Gantner, Jon Paris, Zdravko Vincetic, Vladimir Zupka (Updated April 25, 2000). "Who Knew You Could Do That with RPG IV? A Sorcerer’s Guide to System Access and More" (PDF). IBM International Technical Support Organization. https://www.redbooks.ibm.com/redbooks/pdfs/sg245402.pdf. Retrieved 2012-02-18.  "This redbook is focused on RPG IV as a modern, thriving, and rich application development language for the 21st century."
• RPG IV for beginners - A basic tutorial for beginners is available here.
• Midrange.com - A large amount of code examples are available here
• RPG OPEN - A free open source service program with add-on subprocedures written in RPG IV for RPG IV.
• IBM (1964) (PDF). IBM 1401 RPG manual. C24-3261-1. http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/140x/C24-3261-1_1401_diskRPG.pdf. 
• IBM (2008) (PDF). ILE RPG Programmer's Guide. SC09-2507-07. http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/iseries/v6r1m0/topic/rzasc/sc092507.pdf. 
• RPG for COBOL programmers - Article
• RPG II for MVS, OS/390 and z/OS - Status of the IBM RPG II product in z/OS

This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (May 2010)

The Basics
The Basics at the Oxford Art Factory, 2010
Background information
Origin	Melbourne, Australia
Genres	Rock
Years active	2002–present
Labels	Independent, Albert Records
Associated acts	Gotye, Down Hills Home, Dog With Wheels, Blood Red Bird
Website	The Basics Official Website
Members
Wally De Backer Kris Schroeder Tim Heath
Past members
Michael Hubbard
Notable instruments
Lead guitar, drums, bass guitar.

The Basics ( /ˈbæzɪtʃ/ BAZZ-ich) are a three-piece band from Melbourne, Australia, formed by Wally De Backer and Kris Schroeder in 2002. Their style has been described as anything from 'indie-pop' to 'rock'n'roll' to 'pop-rock', though their records show they span a wide range of genres, including reggae, ska, country, and electro-pop. They are "recognised as one of Australia's hardest-working bands".^[1]

With close to 1000 shows in their ten-year career, their live performances are well-known for their sense of humour and energy.^[2]

Formation[link]

The Basics were formed after Kris met Wally at a party in Melbourne.^[3] The event was to see off the young aspiring producer, who was about to depart for Los Angeles, and together with a number of musician friends, the two jammed on some blues-rock standards. Later that night, they bonded over a mutual love of The Beatles, 70s and 80s cartoon theme songs and old Sierra adventure games.

Initially, they played around Melbourne as an acoustic guitar/drums combo, starting at The Opposition in Frankston and the House of Fools in Footscray, where in late 2002 they met Michael Hubbard and later invited him to join them on electric guitar.^[4] Though lacking any real experience with the instrument, Kris willingly purchased his first bass guitar, and the trio was born. During this time, the group start performing songs with more complicated three-part harmony.

During late 2002 and early 2003, The Basics recorded and released an album called Get Back through MGM Distribution. They began what was to become regular tours of the East and West coasts of Australia.

2004-2005: Current lineup[link]

Tim Heath joined the group in June 2004, after Michael decided to pursue his solo career, which has included being one half of Down Hills Home.^[4] Tim was reportedly the only person to reply to an advertisement in Melbourne's Beat Magazine looking for a new guitarist. Tim apparently answered the advertisement - which said the applicant "must have a love of 50s and 60s rock'n'roll" - thinking that he would be meeting "a couple of old guys to play with on the weekends over some beers". They soon recorded For Girls Like You.

The Basics in 2005 continued to tour and play small festivals, and after releasing For Girls Like You through MGM Distribution, they departed for a national tour of Australia, which lasted for two months and took them to every Australian state and territory. Stuart Padbury, a young Melbourne sound engineer, joined them on much of this tour. On returning, the band began demonstrating songs for a new album.

2006-2009: Touring and soundtracks[link]

In 2006, The Basics began recording what was to become known as Stand Out/Fit In. Taking several months, it was not completed until the end of the year, despite intentions to have it released in June. Instead, they held a successful 'album preview', where each of the tracks was demonstrated in 'rough form' accompanied by a music video for each (produced by Melbourne photographic artist James Bryans). The band also talked about the origins of the songs. This event brought a lot of attention to the band for the idea's originality. They pre-released a radio single 'Just Hold On' from the album. The band were invited to play the hugely popular Homebake Festival in Sydney, where they received a great response, after being introduced onto the stage by a short stocky Asian guy with big calves ("one of the highlights" wrote The Daily Telegraph).

In 2007, the band departed on a tri-state residency which saw them play Melbourne, Sydney and Brisbane every week for the month of April - a bold move which brought further attention to the band for its original idea.^[5] Riding on the wave of this tour, Schroeder, De Backer and Heath departed on their first overseas tour which saw them performing 26 shows around Japan, Norway and the United Kingdom.^[6] They also toured twice more up the East Coast, one of which was with popular Japanese band The Bawdies. Their song 'Rattle My Chain' was used in a series of commercials for Volvo Australia. The song 'Hey There!' featured in the British film The Bank Job - starring Jason Statham - and was used as the backing for a February 2007 short film directed by Tim Longhurst called The Rip. Their song 'Better' was featured in a surfing documentary about the invention of the shortboard in 1967.

In 2008, the band appeared on Australia's Channel 9 for Australia Day celebrations, performing two of their songs - 'Just Hold On' and 'Hey There!' - to an estimated audience of 2 million. Securing an Australian Government grant, they embarked on a two-month tour of Australia, specifically targeting "culturally underprivileged groups" in rural and regional schoolchildren and Indigenous communities. The programme had them holding masterclasses and performing alongside Indigenous groups in the remote Northern Territory and Queensland.^[7][8] Their initiative also had them raising money for the charity Lifeline^{[disambiguation needed ]}, their contribution to which was recognised with a plaque at the end of the tour. Season two of Californication starring David Duchovny featured their cover of the classic 'Have Love, Will Travel', most famously covered by 'The Sonics'.

In 2009, The Basics for the first time enjoyed the support of Australian radio network Triple J, which had reportedly snubbed the band's previous material.^[9] The singles 'With This Ship' and 'Like A Brother' were added to the station's playlist, and momentum carried The Basics overseas for a second tour of the United Kingdom and Norway, and also a series of shows in Dublin, Ireland. They were joined by the longtime front-of-house engineer Stuart Padbury, who had been mixing them since 2005. The band was often seen in the Grafton Street Mall in Dublin, busking to promote their concerts there. Their second show in Oslo, Norway, saw the band perform with Hot Tub, one of the members of the Norwegian boy band "Boyzvoice", in his first performance for several years. Season Eight of Scrubs featured the song 'Lookin' Over My Shoulder'.

Despite all this promise, the band's album Keep Your Friends Close - produced and part-recorded by Peter Cobbin at London's Abbey Road Studios - though enjoying many favourable reviews,^{[10][11][12][13]} failed to impress Richard Kingsmill, music director of Triple J. This effectively ended the band's apparent upward spiral and the resulting album launch tour was reportedly "trying".

2010: Hiatus and live album[link]

In 2010, following the band's fourth stint at the Tamworth Country Music Festival, and the recording of a yet-unreleased live album, an indefinite hiatus was announced on the band's websites. This was in part due to the impending release of a new album produced by Wally for his Gotye project, and also to reported tensions within the band following the previous year's disappointments.

However, this hiatus was soon broken with a two-month residency at the Northcote Social Club in Melbourne, which saw an apparent return to form.^[14] The band's EP "Wait For You" enjoys airplay on Triple J.^[15] The Basics also played a one-off show at Sydney's Oxford Art Factory.^[16]

On 20 August 2010, The Basics released their fourth LP /ðəˈbæzɪtʃ/, available free and exclusively from their website for digital download^[17]. The band had reportedly moved to expand their listenership through this free giveaway, though 300 "Deluxe" CD/vinyl versions have been printed. /ðəˈbæzɪtʃ/ was recorded at the Northcote Social Club on 6 February, "in front of a live studio audience", and like the previous record, was mixed by Peter Cobbin at Abbey Road Studios. Technically a self-titled album, the phonetics spell out the accurate pronunciation of the band’s name. Kris Schroeder: "For years we’ve worked at bringing our live energy into the studio and thus far it’s been a bit hit-and-miss. Our trick this time was to pull a switcheroo and bring the studio to us instead; the result is the best and closest to us we’ve sounded yet."

Melbourne thespian and Dog With Wheels bassist David Bramble - friends with Heath from university days - has occasionally joined the band on tour, playing keys, often while sporting a large moustache. Other guests have included Jake Mason (saxophone), also of Cookin' on 3 Burners and The Bamboos^{[disambiguation needed ]}, Gideon Brazil (saxophone, flute), Simon Imrei (guitar and vocals) and Monty MacKenzie (saxophone).

Covers have often made an appearance from various sources: to date, some of the bands covered have been Cream, The Kinks, The Rolling Stones, The Police, Neil Young, Bob Dylan, New Kids on the Block, Richard Berry, Sonny Curtis and The Crickets, JJ Cale, Harry Nilsson, Bill Scott, Ryan Adams and The Coasters (via The Beatles for their cover of Three Cool Cats).

Members[link]

Current

• Wally De Backer - drums, vocals (2002-present)
• Kris Schroeder - bass, vocals (2002-present)
• Tim Heath - guitar, vocals (2004-present)

Former

• Michael Hubbard - guitar, vocals (2002-2004)

Discography[link]

Albums[link]

• Get Back (15 January 2004)
• Stand Out/Fit In (5 May 2007)
• Keep Your Friends Close (25 September 2009)
• /ðəˈbæzɪtʃ/ (20 August 2010)

EP[link]

• For Girls Like You (11 July 2005)
• Lookin' Over My Shoulder (10 February 2007)
• Like A Brother (5 June 2009)
• Wait For You (21 May 2010)

Singles[link]

• Call It Rhythm & Blues (20 August 2004)
• Just Hold On
• With This Ship (22 February 2009)

Upcoming projects[link]

The band is taking a three year hiatus, with an announced return to the stage together in early 2014. Wally De Backer launched Making Mirrors under his Gotye act in August 2011, Tim Heath will be touring and recording with Blood Red Bird, and Kris Schroeder recorded a solo EP titled, Patience in the Face of Control, before leaving Australia to work with the Red Cross in Kenya for a two year sabbatical.

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official Website
• Myspace Website