Coordinates | 51°30′09″N0°07′39.7″N |
---|---|
name | José Apolonio Burgos |
birth place | Vigan, Ilocos Sur |
death date | February 17, 1872 |
death place | Manila, Philippines |
occupation | Priest }} |
José Apolonio Burgos y García was a Filipino mestizo secular priest, accused of mutiny by the Spanish colonial authorities in the Philippines in the 19th century. He was placed in a mock trial and summarily executed in Manila along with two other clergymen.
In 1864, an anonymous pamphlet was published in Manila, criticizing the prejudice in the Church, and providing rebuttals against several canards against the native clergy. Although the document was unsigned, historians believe the author to be Burgos, based on its style and content. Burgos also penned several signed articles later in his life, in response to a series of anonymous written attacks on the Filipino clergy. Though Burgos offered few new ideas, his name caught the attention of Spanish authorities, who would report that the native clergy was becoming liberal and separatist. ion was given credence by a protest he staged several months prior, against being required to speak Latin in the classroom. Consequently, Buencamino and some of his associates were sent to jail. With the aid of Burgos, Buencamino was freed four months later, only to be told that having missed school for four months, he would have to find a tutor who would help him make up for the classes he missed. Buencamino chose Burgos.
By this time, Burgos had established a reputation as a defender of the native clergy. His debates over the rights of native priests had extended to include questions of race and nationalism. This reputation would eventually cause him to be implicated in a mutiny in Cavite.
The three were dragged through a tribunal amid a list of drummed up charges and false witnesses, and where their own lawyers betrayed them to the court. On February 17, 1872, they were garroted in the middle of Bagumbayan field (now Luneta Park).
Several towns in the Philippines were named in his honor. These include:
Category:1837 births Category:1872 deaths Category:People executed by ligature strangulation Category:Colegio de San Juan de Letran alumni Category:Filipino Roman Catholic priests Category:People of Spanish colonial Philippines Category:People from Ilocos Sur Category:Roman Catholic Church in the Philippines Category:Filipino people of Spanish descent Category:University of Santo Tomas alumni Category:Executed Filipino people Category:People executed by Spain Category:Ilocano people
es:José Apolonio Burgos fr:José Burgos ilo:Jose Burgos no:Jose Burgos tl:José Apolonio Burgos cbk-zam:José Apolonio BurgosThis text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
Coordinates | 51°30′09″N0°07′39.7″N |
---|---|
Name | Burgos |
Settlement type | City |
Width | 300 |
Image alt | |
Pushpin map | Spain |
Pushpin label position | above |
Pushpin mapsize | 300 |
Pushpin map caption | Location in Spain |
Coordinates region | ES |
Subdivision type | Country |
Subdivision name | |
Subdivision type1 | Autonomous community |
Subdivision name1 | Castile and León |
Subdivision type2 | Province |
Subdivision name2 | Burgos |
Postal code | 090xx |
Coordinates display | inline,title |
Elevation m | 856 |
Area total km2 | 108 |
Population as of | 2010 |
Population total | 178,574 |
Leader title | Mayor |
Leader name | Javier Lacalle |
Leader party | Partido Popular |
Blank name sec1 | Distances |
Blank info sec1 | 122 km to Valladolid 244 km to Madrid |
Blank1 name sec1 | Rivers |
Blank1 info sec1 | Arlanzón, Vena, Pico, Cardeñadijo |
Blank4 name | Demonym |
Blank4 info | Burgalés/Burgalesa |
Website | www.aytoburgos.es }} |
Burgos (, , ) is city of northern Spain, historic capital of Castile. It is situated at the edge of the central plateau, with about 178,966 inhabitants in the city proper and another 20,000 in its suburbs. It is the capital of the province of Burgos, in the autonomous community of Castile and León. The Burgos Laws or Leyes de Burgos first governing the behaviour of Spaniards towards natives of the Americas were promulgated there in 1512.
The city forms the principal crossway of north Spain, remarked by the Camino de Santiago, which goes throughout all the city, parallel to the Arlanzón river.
It has a wide number of historic landmarks, set apart specially by the Cathedral of Burgos, Las Huelgas Reales Monastery and the Cartuja of Miraflores.
The Museum of Human Evolution was opened in 2010, unique in its kind across the world and projected to become one of the top 10 visited museums in Spain.
Burgos was founded in 884 as an outpost of this expanding Christian frontier, when Diego Rodríguez "Porcelos", count of Castile, governed this territory with orders to promote the increase of the Christian population; with this end in view he gathered the inhabitants of the surrounding country into one fortified village, whose Visigothic name of Burgos signified consolidated walled villages (Gothic baurgs). The city began to be called Caput Castellae ("Cabeza de Castilla" or "Head of Castile"). The county (condado) of Burgos, subject to the Kings of León, continued to be governed by counts and was gradually extended; one of these counts, Fernán González, established his independence.
In the 11th century, the city became the see of a Catholic bishop and the capital of the Kingdom of Castile. Burgos was a major stop for pilgrims on their way to Santiago de Compostela and a centre of trade between the Bay of Biscay and the south, which attracted an unusually large foreign merchant population, who became part of the city oligarchy and excluded other foreigners. Throughout the 13th and 14th centuries, Burgos was a favourite seat of the kings of León and Castile and a favoured burial site. The consejo or urban commune of Burgos was firmly in the hands of an oligarchic class of caballeros villanos, the "peasant knights" of Burgos, who provided the monarchs with a mounted contingent: in 1255 and 1266 royal charters granted to those citizens of Burgos who owned horses and could arm themselves relief from taxes, provided that they continue to live within the city walls. The merchant oligarchy succeeded the cathedral chapter as the major purchasers of land after 1250; they carried on their mercantile business in common with municipal or royal functions and sent their sons to England and Flanders to gain experience in overseas trade. A few families within the hermandades or confraternities like the Sarracín and Bonifaz succeeded in monopolising the post of alcalde, or mayor; a special court, the alcalde del rey was first mentioned at Burgos in 1281. By the reign of Alfonso X, the exemption of the non-noble knights and religious corporations, combined with exorbitant gifts and grants to monasteries and private individuals, placed great stress on the economic well-being of the realm.
In the century following the conquest of Seville (1248), Burgos became a testing-ground for royal policies of increasing power against the consejo, in part by encouraging the right to appeal from the consejo to the king. In 1285, Sancho IV added a new body to the consejo which came to dominate it: the jurado in charge of collecting taxes and overseeing public works; the king reserved the right to select its members. The city perceived that danger to its autonomy came rather from an uncontrolled aristocracy during royal minorities: Burgos joined the hermandades of cities that leagued together for mutual protection in 1295 and 1315. In the 14th century, official royal intrusion in city affairs was perceived as a palliative against outbreaks of violence by the large excluded class of smaller merchants and artisans, on whom the tax burden fell. The alguacil was the royal official instituted to judge disagreements.
On 9 June 1345, sweeping aside the city government, Alfonso XI established direct royal rule of Burgos through the Regimiento of sixteen appointed men
In 1574, Pope Gregory XIII made its bishop an archbishop, at the request of king Philip II.
Burgos has been the scene of many wars: with the Moors, the struggles between León and Navarre, and between Castile and Aragon. In the Peninsular War against Napoleonic France, Burgos was the scene of a battle, and again in the 19th century Carlist civil wars of the Spanish succession. During the Spanish Civil War Burgos was the base of Gen. Franco's rebel Nationalist government.
Category:Burgos Province Category:Municipalities in Burgos Category:Tourism in Spain Category:Populated places in Burgos
ar:برغش an:Burgos ast:Burgos bg:Бургос ca:Burgos cs:Burgos cy:Burgos da:Burgos de:Burgos et:Burgos es:Burgos eo:Burgoso ext:Burgus eu:Burgos fa:بورگوس fr:Burgos gl:Burgos ko:부르고스 haw:Burgos hr:Burgos (grad) id:Burgos ie:Burgos it:Burgos (Spagna) lad:Burgos la:Burgi lb:Burgos lt:Burgosas nah:Burgos, Caxtillān nl:Burgos (Spanje) ja:ブルゴス no:Burgos nn:Burgos oc:Burgos pnb:برگوس pl:Burgos (Hiszpania) pt:Burgos ro:Burgos qu:Burgos ru:Бургос sk:Burgos (mesto v Španielsku) sr:Бургос fi:Burgos sv:Burgos th:บูร์โกส tr:Burgos uk:Бурґос vi:Burgos war:Burgos zh:布尔戈斯This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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