.svg)
.svg)
.svg)
| Coordinates | 28°36′36″N77°13′48″N |
|---|---|
| Playername | Feng Tianwei |
| Caption | Feng at the Volkswagen Women's World Cup in Kuala Lumpur on 7 September 2008 |
| Fullname | Feng Tianwei |
| Nicknames | Le Le () |
| Nationality | |
| Residence | Singapore |
| Playingstyle | Right-handed shakehand grip |
| Equipment | Stiga Kelvar blade |
| Club | (in China Table Tennis Super League) |
| Birth date | August 31, 1986 |
| Birth place | Harbin, Heilongjiang, China |
| Height | |
| Weight | (2008) She is the only daughter of Feng Qingzhi, a granary worker, and his wife Li Chunping, an employee of a department store. Feng's parents, who were poor, lived frugally for years to pay for her table tennis training. Her father suffered from multiple sclerosis, but she was not told how severe his illness was. He died in 2002, weeks before Feng tried out for China's national B squad. Although Feng topped the qualifying matches a month later and was called up for the national team in 2003, she suffered from a long illness; a source close to her said it was "because she missed her father too much". Feng left China in 2005 to play in the Japanese professional league. While there she was spotted by Liu Guodong, then a coach with the Singapore Table Tennis Association, in 2006. As a singles player, Feng was ranked 73rd in the world in August 2007. |
| - valign | top |
| Colspan | 4 bgcolor=silver|2007 |
| - valign | top |
| - valign | top |
| - valign | top |
| - valign | top |
| - valign | top |
| - valign | top |
| - valign | top |
| - valign | top |
| - valign | top |
| - valign | top |
| - valign | top |
| - valign | top |
| - valign | top |
| - valign | top |
| - valign | top |
| - valign | top |
| China open - singles|| || || || || || || align | "center" bgcolor="#cc9966" | Top 4 || NH |
| China open - doubles|| || || || || || || align | "center" bgcolor="#cc9966" | Top 4 || NH |
| English open - singles|| || || || || || || align | "center" bgcolor="#cc9966" | Top 4 || NH |
| English open - doubles|| || || || || || || align | "center" bgcolor="#cc9966" | Top 4 || NH |
| German open - singles|| || || || || || || top 16 || align | "center" bgcolor="#cc9966" | Top 4 |
| Korean open - singles|| || || || || || || align | "center" bgcolor="gold" | 1st || align="center" bgcolor="silver" | 2nd |
| Polish open - singles|| || || || || || align | "center" bgcolor="gold" | 1st || align="center" bgcolor="#cc9966" | Top 4 || DNP |
| Polish open - doubles|| || || || || || align | "center" bgcolor="silver" | 2nd || Top 8 || DNP |
| ittf pro tour grand finals - singles || || || || || || align | "center" bgcolor="#cc9966" | Top 4 || || align="center" bgcolor="gold" | 1st |
| Asian games - team||nh||nh||nh||dnp||nh||nh||nh|| align | "center" bgcolor="silver" | 2nd |
| commonwealth games - singles||nh||nh||nh||dnp||nh||nh||nh|| align | "center" bgcolor="gold" | 1st |
| Commonwealth games - doubles||nh||nh||nh||dnp||nh||nh||nh|| align | "center" bgcolor="silver" | 2nd |
| Commonwealth games - mixed||nh||nh||nh||dnp||nh||nh||nh|| align | "center" bgcolor="silver" | 2nd |
| Commonwealth games - team||nh||nh||nh||dnp||nh||nh||nh|| align | "center" bgcolor="gold" | 1st |
| Olympic games - team|| || dnp || nh || nh || nh || align | "center" bgcolor="silver" | 2nd || NH || NH |
| southeast asian games - singles|| dnp || nh || dnp || nh || dnp || nh || align | "center" bgcolor="gold" | 1st || NH |
| Southeast asian games - doubles|| dnp || nh || dnp || nh || dnp || nh || align | "center" bgcolor="silver" | 2nd || NH |
| Southeast asian games - mixed|| dnp || nh || dnp || nh || dnp || nh || align | "center" bgcolor="silver" | 2nd || NH |
| Southeast asian games - team|| dnp || nh || dnp || nh || dnp || nh || align | "center" bgcolor="gold" | 1st || NH |
| World table tennis championships - team|| || || || || || || || align | "center" bgcolor="gold" | 1st |
| Name | Feng, Tianwei |
| Alternative names | Feng, Tian Wei |
| Short description | Singaporean table tennis player |
| Date of birth | 31 August 1986 |
| Place of birth | Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China |
Category:Olympic silver medalists for Singapore Category:Olympic table tennis players of Singapore Category:Singaporean table tennis players Category:Table tennis players at the 2008 Summer Olympics Category:Singaporean people of Chinese descent Category:Immigrants to Singapore Category:People from Harbin Category:People awarded the Pingat Jasa Gemilang Category:1986 births Category:Living people Category:Commonwealth Games gold medallists for Singapore
This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
| Coordinates | 28°36′36″N77°13′48″N |
|---|---|
| Playername | Liu Shiwen |
| Fullname | Liu Shiwen |
| Nationality | |
| Playingstyle | Righted-handed, shakehand grip |
| Hrank | 1 (Jan - Sep 2010) |
| Birth date | April 12, 1991 |
| Birth place | Liaoning, China |
| Death date | |
| Height | |
| Weight |
) }} Liu Shiwen (; born April 12, 1991 in Liaoning, China) is a Chinese table tennis player.
Women's Doubles
Mixed Doubles
Team
Category:Chinese table tennis players Category:Living people
This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
| Coordinates | 28°36′36″N77°13′48″N |
|---|---|
| Playername | Guo Yan |
| Fullname | Guo Yan |
| Nationality | |
| Playingstyle | Right-handed, shakehand grip |
| Hrank | 1 (Oct 2010 – current) |
| Birth date | June 24, 1982 |
| Birth place | Beijing, China |
| Death date | |
| Height | |
| Weight |
) }} Guo Yan(, born June 24, 1982 in Beijing, China) is a female Chinese table tennis player.
Women's Doubles
Mixed Doubles
Team
Category:1982 births Category:Living people Category:Chinese table tennis players
This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
| Coordinates | 28°36′36″N77°13′48″N |
|---|---|
| Playername | Yan Feng 闫峰 |
| Fullname | Yan Feng |
| Height | |
| Dateofbirth | February 07, 1982 |
| Cityofbirth | Dalian, Liaoning |
| Countryofbirth | China |
| Currentclub | Dalian Shide |
| Position | Defensive midfielder |
| Clubnumber | 24 |
| Years | 2002-20052006-20102010- |
| Clubs | Sichuan GuanchengChangchun YataiDalian Shide |
| Caps(goals) | 40 (2)89 (3)10 (1) |
| Nationalyears | 2009- |
| Nationalteam | |
| Nationalcaps(goals) | 3 (0) |
| Pcupdate | 6 November 2010 |
Yan Feng (; born February 7, 1982 in Dalian, Liaoning) is a Chinese international footballer, currently playing for Dalian Shide in the Chinese Super League.
Category:1982 births Category:Living people Category:Changchun Yatai players Category:China international footballers Category:Chinese footballers Category:Dalian Shide F.C. players Category:People from Dalian Category:Sichuan Guancheng players
This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
| Coordinates | 28°36′36″N77°13′48″N |
|---|---|
| Name | Carl Gustav Jung |
| Caption | Jung in 1910 |
| Birth date | July 26, 1875 |
| Birth place | Kesswil, Thurgau, Switzerland |
| Death date | June 06, 1961 |
| Death place | Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland |
| Residence | Switzerland |
| Citizenship | Swiss |
| Field | Psychiatry, Psychology, Psychotherapy, Analytical psychology |
| Work institutions | Burghölzli, Swiss Army (as a commissioned officer in World War I) |
| Doctoral advisor | Eugen Bleuler, Sigmund Freud |
| Known for | Analytical psychology |
Carl Gustav Jung (; 26 July 1875 – 6 June 1961) was a Swiss psychiatrist, an influential thinker, and the founder of analytical psychology. Jung is often considered the first modern psychologist to state that the human psyche is "by nature religious" and to explore it in depth. Though not the first to analyze dreams, he has become perhaps one of the most well known pioneers in the field of dream analysis. Although he was a theoretical psychologist and practicing clinician, much of his life's work was spent exploring other areas, including Eastern and Western philosophy, alchemy, astrology, sociology, as well as literature and the arts.
He considered the process of individuation necessary for a person to become whole. This is a psychological process of integrating the conscious with the unconscious while still maintaining conscious autonomy. Individuation was the central concept of analytical psychology.
Jungian ideas are routinely discussed in part by curriculum of introductory psychology course offerings with most major universities, and although rarely covered by higher level course work, his ideas are discussed further in a broad range of humanities. Many pioneering psychological concepts were originally proposed by Jung, including the Archetype, the Collective Unconscious, the Complex, and synchronicity. A popular psychometric instrument, the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), has been principally developed from Jung's theories.
When Jung was six months old his father was appointed to a more prosperous parish in Laufen. Meanwhile, the tension between his parents was growing. An eccentric and depressed woman, Emilie Jung spent much of the time in her own separate bedroom, enthralled by the spirits that she said visited her at night. Jung had a better relationship with his father because he thought him to be predictable and thought his mother to be very problematic. Although during the day he also saw her as predictable, at night he felt some frightening influences from her room. At night his mother became strange and mysterious. Jung claimed that one night he saw a faintly luminous and indefinite figure coming from her room, with a head detached from the neck and floating in the air in front of the body. and that resulted in his sometimes patriarchal views of women. "Personality Number 1," as he termed it, was a typical schoolboy living in the era of the time, while "Personality Number 2" was a dignified, authoritative and influential man from the past. Although Jung was close to both parents he was rather disappointed in his father's academic approach to faith.
A number of childhood memories had made a life-long impression on him. As a boy he carved a tiny mannequin into the end of the wooden ruler from his pupil's pencil case and placed it inside the case. He then added a stone which he had painted into upper and lower halves and hid the case in the attic. Periodically he would come back to the mannequin, often bringing tiny sheets of paper with messages inscribed on them in his own secret language. This ceremonial act, he later reflected, brought him a feeling of inner peace and security. In later years he discovered that similarities existed in this memory and the totems of native peoples like the collection of soul-stones near Arlesheim, or the tjurungas of Australia. This, he concluded, was an unconscious ritual that he did not question or understand at the time, but which was practiced in a strikingly similar way in faraway locations that he as a young boy had no way of consciously knowing about. His findings on psychological archetypes and the collective unconscious were inspired in part by these experiences.
Shortly before the end of his first year at the Humanistisches Gymnasium in Basel, at the age of twelve, he was pushed to the ground by another boy so hard that he was for a moment unconscious (Jung later recognized that the incident was his fault, indirectly). A thought then came to him that "now you won't have to go to school any more." From then on, whenever he started off to school or began homework, he fainted. He remained at home for the next six months until he overheard his father speaking worriedly to a visitor of his future ability to support himself, as they suspected he had epilepsy. With little money in the family, this brought the boy to reality and he realized the need for academic excellence. He immediately went into his father's study and began poring over Latin grammar. He fainted three times, but eventually he overcame the urge and did not faint again. This event, Jung later recalled, "was when I learned what a neurosis is."
Jung had no plans to study psychiatry, because it was held in contempt in those days. But as he started studying his psychiatric textbook, he became very excited when he read that psychoses are personality diseases. Immediately he understood this was the field that interested him the most. It combined both biological and spiritual facts and this was what he was searching for.
In 1895, Jung studied medicine at the University of Basel. In 1900, he worked in the Burghölzli, a psychiatric hospital in Zurich, with Eugen Bleuler. His dissertation, published in 1903, was titled "On the Psychology and Pathology of So-Called Occult Phenomena." In 1906, he published Studies in Word Association and later sent a copy of this book to Sigmund Freud, after which a close friendship between these two men followed for some six years (see section on Relationship with Freud). In 1912 Jung published Wandlungen und Symbole der Libido (known in English as Psychology of the Unconscious) resulting in a theoretical divergence between him and Freud and consequently a break in their friendship, both stating that the other was unable to admit he could possibly be wrong. After this falling-out, Jung went through a pivotal and difficult psychological transformation, which was exacerbated by news of the First World War. Henri Ellenberger called Jung's experience a "creative illness" and compared it to Freud's period of what he called neurasthenia and hysteria.
During World War I Jung was drafted as an army doctor and soon made commandant of an internment camp for British officers and soldiers. (Swiss neutrality obliged the Swiss to intern personnel from either side of the conflict who crossed their frontier to evade capture.) Jung worked to improve the conditions for these soldiers stranded in neutral territory; he encouraged them to attend university courses.
Jung continued to publish books until the end of his life, including Flying Saucers: A Modern Myth of Things Seen in the Skies, which analyzed the archetypal meaning and possible psychological significance of the reported observations of UFOs. He also enjoyed a friendship with an English Roman Catholic priest, Father Victor White, who corresponded with Jung after he had published his controversial Answer to Job.
Jung's work on himself and his patients convinced him that life has a spiritual purpose beyond material goals. Our main task, he believed, is to discover and fulfill our deep innate potential, much as the acorn contains the potential to become the oak, or the caterpillar to become the butterfly. Based on his study of Christianity, Hinduism, Buddhism, Gnosticism, Taoism, and other traditions, Jung perceived that this journey of transformation, which he called individuation, is at the mystical heart of all religions. It is a journey to meet the self and at the same time to meet the Divine. Unlike Sigmund Freud, Jung thought spiritual experience was essential to our well-being.
In 1944 Jung published Psychology and Alchemy, where he analyzed the alchemical symbols and showed a direct relationship to the psychoanalytical process. He argued that the alchemical process was the transformation of the impure soul (lead) to perfected soul (gold), and a metaphor for the individuation process.
Today Jung's and Freud's theories have diverged. Nevertheless, they influenced each other during the intellectually formative years of Jung's life. As Freud was already fifty years old at their meeting, he was well beyond the formative years. In 1906 psychology as a science was still in its early stages. Jung, who had become interested in psychiatry as a student by reading Psychopathia Sexualis by Richard von Krafft-Ebing, professor in Vienna, now worked as a doctor under the psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler in Burghölzli and became familiar with Freud's idea of the unconscious through Freud's The Interpretation of Dreams (1900) and was a proponent of the new "psycho-analysis." At the time, Freud needed collaborators and pupils to validate and spread his ideas. Burghölzli was a renowned psychiatric clinic in Zurich at which Jung was a young doctor whose research had already given him international recognition.
In 1908, Jung became an editor of the newly founded Yearbook for Psychoanalytical and Psychopathological Research. The following year, Jung traveled with Freud and Sándor Ferenczi to the U.S. to spread the news of psychoanalysis and in 1910, Jung became Chairman for Life of the International Psychoanalytical Association. While Jung worked on his Wandlungen und Symbole der Libido (Psychology of the Unconscious), tensions grew between Freud and Jung, mostly due to their disagreements over the nature of libido and religion. In 1912 these tensions came to a peak because Jung felt severely slighted after Freud visited his colleague Ludwig Binswanger in Kreuzlingen without paying him a visit in nearby Zurich, an incident Jung referred to as "the Kreuzlingen gesture." Shortly thereafter, Jung again traveled to the United States and gave the Fordham lectures, which were published as The Theory of Psychoanalysis. While they contain some remarks on Jung's dissenting view on the nature of libido, they represent largely a "psychoanalytical Jung" and not the theory Jung became famous for in the following decades.
. Front row: Sigmund Freud, G. Stanley Hall, Jung; back row: Abraham A. Brill, Ernest Jones, Sándor Ferenczi.]]
In November 1912, Jung and Freud met in Munich for a meeting among prominent colleagues to discuss psychoanalytical journals. At a talk about a new psychoanalytic essay on Amenhotep IV, Jung expressed his views on how it related to actual conflicts in the psychoanalytic movement. While Jung spoke, Freud suddenly fainted and Jung carried him to a couch.
Jung and Freud personally met for the last time in September 1913 for the Fourth International Psychoanalytical Congress, also in Munich. Jung gave a talk on psychological types, the introverted and the extraverted type, in analytical psychology. This constituted the introduction of some of the key concepts which came to distinguish Jung's work from Freud's in the next half century.
In the following years Jung experienced considerable isolation in his professional life, exacerbated through World War I. His Seven Sermons to the Dead (1917) reprinted in his autobiography Memories, Dreams, Reflections (see bibliography) can also be read as expression of the psychological conflicts which beset Jung around the age of forty after the break with Freud.
Jung's primary disagreement with Freud stemmed from their differing concepts of the unconscious. Jung saw Freud's theory of the unconscious as incomplete and unnecessarily negative. According to Jung (though not according to Freud), Freud conceived the unconscious solely as a repository of repressed emotions and desires. Jung agreed with Freud's model of the unconscious, what Jung called the "personal unconscious", but he also proposed the existence of a second, far deeper form of the unconscious underlying the personal one. This was the collective unconscious, where the archetypes themselves resided, represented in mythology by a lake or other body of water, and in some cases a jug or other container. Freud had actually mentioned a collective level of psychic functioning but saw it primarily as an appendix to the rest of the psyche.
Jung spoke at meetings of the Psycho-Medical Society in London in 1913 and 1914. His travels were soon interrupted by the war, but his ideas continued to receive attention in England primarily through the efforts of Constance Long. She translated and published the first English volume of his collected writings and arranged for him to give a seminar in Cornwall in 1920. Another seminar was held in 1923, this one organized by Helton Godwin Baynes (known as Peter), and another in 1925.
Jung made another trip to America in 1936, giving lectures in New York and New England for his growing group of American followers. He returned in 1937 to deliver the Terry Lectures, Psychology and Religion, at Yale University. In December 1937, Jung left Zurich again for an extensive tour of India with Fowler McCormick. In India, he felt himself "under the direct influence of a foreign culture" for the first time. In Africa, his conversations had been strictly limited by the language barrier, but in India he was able to converse extensively. Hindu philosophy became an important element in his understanding of the role of symbolism and the life of the unconscious. Unfortunately, Jung became seriously ill on this trip and endured two weeks of delirium in a Calcutta hospital. After 1938, his travels were confined to Europe.
Jung stressed the importance of individual rights in a person's relation to the state and society. He saw that the state was treated as "a quasi-animate personality from whom everything is expected" but that this personality was "only camouflage for those individuals who know how to manipulate it", and referred to the state as a form of slavery. He also thought that the state "swallowed up [people's] religious forces", and therefore that the state had "taken the place of God"—making it comparable to a religion in which "state slavery is a form of worship". From Jung's perspective, this replacement of God with the state in a mass society led to the dislocation of the religious drive and resulted in the same fanaticism of the church-states of the Dark Ages—wherein the more the state is 'worshiped', the more freedom and morality are suppressed; this ultimately leaves the individual psychically undeveloped with extreme feelings of marginalization.
Jung left no posthumous instructions about the final disposition of what he called the "Red Book". His family eventually moved it into a bank vault in 1984. Sonu Shamdasani, a historian from London, for three years tried to persuade Jung's heirs to have it published, to which they declined every hint of inquiry. As of mid-September 2009, fewer than two dozen people had seen it. But Ulrich Hoerni, Jung's grandson who manages the Jung archives, decided to publish it. To raise the additional funds needed, the Philemon Foundation was founded. According to them, "During the period in which he worked on this book Jung developed his principal theories of archetypes, collective unconscious, and the process of individuation." Two-thirds of the pages bear Jung's illuminations of the text.
There are writings showing that Jung's sympathies were against, rather than for, Nazism. In his 1936 essay Wotan, Jung described Germany as "infected" by "one man who is obviously 'possessed'...", and as "rolling towards perdition", and wrote "...what a so-called Führer does with a mass movement can plainly be seen if we turn our eyes to the north or south of our country." The essay does, however, speak in more positive terms of Jakob Wilhelm Hauer and his German Faith Movement which was loyal to Hitler. In April 1939, the Bishop of Southwark asked Jung if he had any specific views on what was likely to be the next step in religious development. Jung's reply was:
He would later describe the Führer thus: "Hitler seemed like the 'double' of a real person, as if Hitler the man might be hiding inside like an appendix, and deliberately so concealed in order not to disturb the mechanism ... You know you could never talk to this man; because there is nobody there ... It is not an individual; it is an entire nation." In 1943, Jung aided the United States Office of Strategic Services by analyzing the psychology of Nazi leaders.
In an interview with Carol Baumann in 1948, Jung denied rumors regarding any sympathy for the Nazi movement, saying:
A full response from Jung discounting the rumors can be found in C.G Jung Speaking, Interviews and Encounters, Princeton University Press, 1977.
, Switzerland]] The International Society's constitution permitted individual doctors to join it directly, rather than through one of the national affiliated societies, a provision to which Jung drew attention in a circular in 1934. This implied that German Jewish doctors could maintain their professional status as individual members of the international body, even though they were excluded from the German affiliate, as well as from other German medical societies operating under the Nazis.
As leader of the international body, Jung assumed overall responsibility for its publication, the Zentralblatt für Psychotherapie. In 1933, this journal published a statement endorsing Nazi positions and Hitler's book Mein Kampf. In 1934, Jung wrote in a Swiss publication, the Neue Zürcher Zeitung, that he experienced "great surprise and disappointment" when the Zentralblatt associated his name with the pro-Nazi statement.
Jung went on to say "the main point is to get a young and insecure science into a place of safety during an earthquake". He did not end his relationship with the Zentralblatt at this time, but he did arrange the appointment of a new managing editor, Carl Alfred Meier of Switzerland. For the next few years, the Zentralblatt under Jung and Meier maintained a position distinct from that of the Nazis, in that it continued to acknowledge contributions of Jewish doctors to psychotherapy.
In the face of energetic German attempts to Nazify the international body, Jung resigned from its presidency in 1939,
Rowland took Jung's advice seriously and set about seeking a personal spiritual experience. He returned home to the United States and joined a Christian evangelical Re-Armament movement known as the Oxford Group. He also told other alcoholics what Jung had told him about the importance of a spiritual experience. One of the alcoholics he brought into the Oxford Group was Ebby Thacher, a long-time friend and drinking buddy of Bill Wilson, later co-founder of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). Thacher told Wilson about the Oxford Group, and through them Wilson became aware of Hazard's experience with Jung. The influence of Jung thus indirectly found its way into the formation of Alcoholics Anonymous, the original twelve-step program, and from there into the whole twelve-step recovery movement, although AA as a whole is not Jungian and Jung had no role in the formation of that approach or the twelve steps.
The above claims are documented in the letters of Jung and Bill W., excerpts of which can be found in Pass It On, published by Alcoholics Anonymous. Although the detail of this story is disputed by some historians, Jung himself discussed an Oxford Group member, who may have been the same person, in talks given around 1940. The remarks were distributed privately in transcript form, from shorthand taken by an attender (Jung reportedly approved the transcript), and later recorded in Volume 18 of his Collected Works, The Symbolic Life ("For instance, when a member of the Oxford Group comes to me in order to get treatment, I say, 'You are in the Oxford Group; so long as you are there, you settle your affair with the Oxford Group. I can't do it better than Jesus.'" Jung goes on to state that he has seen similar cures among Roman Catholics).
;Introductory texts
;Texts in various areas of Jungian thought
;Academic texts
;Jung-Freud relationship
;Other people's recollections of Jung
;Critical scholarship on Jung by historians
;Works in the public domain
Category:1875 births Category:1961 deaths Category:ETH Zurich faculty Category:German-language philosophers Category:History of mental health Category:People associated with the University of Zurich Category:People from Thurgau Category:Psychodynamics Category:Psychologists of religion Category:Psychology writers Category:Swiss astrologers Category:Swiss autobiographers Category:Swiss Christians Category:Swiss philosophers Category:Swiss psychiatrists Category:Swiss psychologists Category:Symbologists Category:Western mystics Category:University of Basel alumni
This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
| Coordinates | 28°36′36″N77°13′48″N |
|---|---|
| Playername | Ding Ning |
| Fullname | Ding Ning |
| Nationality | |
| Playingstyle | Left-handed, shakehand grip |
| Hrank | 4 (May 2010) |
| Birth date | June 20, 1990 |
| Birth place | Heilongjiang, China |
| Death date | |
| Height | |
| Weight |
) }} Ding Ning (; born June 20, 1990 in Heilongjiang, China) is a Chinese table tennis player.
Women's Doubles
Mixed Doubles
Team
Category:Chinese table tennis players Category:Living people
This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
She competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics, reaching the third round of the singles competition. She competed in both singles and doubles in 2004.
She was born in Minsk, and resides there. Her twin sister Veronika Pavlovich is an Olympic table tennis player too.
Category:1978 births Category:Living people Category:Belarusian table tennis players Category:Table tennis players at the 2004 Summer Olympics Category:Table tennis players at the 2008 Summer Olympics Category:Olympic table tennis players of Belarus Category:People from Minsk Category:Twin people
This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
She competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics, reaching the second round of the singles competition. She had reached the third round in 2004.
She was born in Lampang, and resides in Bangkok.
Category:1980 births Category:Living people Nanthana Komwong Category:Table tennis players at the 2004 Summer Olympics Category:Table tennis players at the 2008 Summer Olympics Category:Olympic table tennis players of Thailand
This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
She competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics, reaching the third round of the singles competition. She also competed in the team competition. She was European Champíon in 2005.
She was born in Beijing.
Category:1982 births Category:Living people Category:Austrian table tennis players Category:Table tennis players at the 2008 Summer Olympics Category:Olympic table tennis players of Austria Category:People of Chinese descent
This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
| Coordinates | 28°36′36″N77°13′48″N |
|---|---|
| Caption | Ishikawa at 2007 Volkswagen Open Japan |
| Nationality | |
| Playingstyle | Left-handed, shakehand grip |
| Hrank | 11 (January 2011) |
| Birth date | February 23, 1993 |
| Death date | |
| Height | |
| Weight |
(born February 23, 1993 in Yamaguchi) is a female Japanese table tennis player.
Women's Doubles
Mixed Doubles
Team
Category:1993 births Category:Living people Category:Japanese table tennis players Category:People from Yamaguchi Prefecture
This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
| Coordinates | 28°36′36″N77°13′48″N |
|---|---|
| Playername | Jiang Huajun |
| Fullname | Jiang Huajun |
| Nationality | |
| Playingstyle | Right-handed, shakehand grip |
| Hrank | 7 (July 2007) |
| Birth date | October 08, 1984 |
| Birth place | Shandong, China |
| Death date | |
| Height | |
| Weight |
) }} Jiang Huajun (; born October 8, 1984 in Shandong, China) is a table tennis player from Hong Kong, China.
Women's Doubles
Mixed Doubles
Team
Category:Hong Kong table tennis players Category:Living people
This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
| Coordinates | 28°36′36″N77°13′48″N |
|---|---|
| Nationality | |
| Playingstyle | Righted-handed, shakehand grip |
| Hrank | 13 (July 2010) |
| Birth date | March 24, 1985 |
| Birth place | Kanuma, Tochigi, Japan |
| Death date | |
| Height | |
| Weight |
(born 24 March 1985 in Kanuma, Tochigi, Japan) is a female Japanese table tennis player.
Women's Doubles
Mixed Doubles
Team
Category:1985 births Category:Living people Category:Japanese table tennis players Category:Table tennis players at the 2008 Summer Olympics Category:Olympic table tennis players of Japan
This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
| Coordinates | 28°36′36″N77°13′48″N |
|---|---|
| Nationality | |
| Playingstyle | Right-handed, shakehand grip |
| Hrank | 9 (April 2008) |
| Birth date | October 11, 1982 |
| Birth place | Hebei, China |
| Death date | |
| Height | |
| Weight |
) }} Gao Ning (; born October 11, 1982 in Hebei, China) is a male Table Tennis player from Singapore.
Men's Doubles
Mixed Doubles
Team
Category:Singaporean table tennis players Category:1982 births Category:Living people Category:Commonwealth Games gold medallists for Singapore
This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
| Coordinates | 28°36′36″N77°13′48″N |
|---|---|
| Playername | Feng Yalan |
| Fullname | Feng Yalan |
| Nationality | |
| Playingstyle | Right-handed, shakehand grip |
| Hrank | 11 (June 2010) |
| Birth date | January 25, 1990 |
| Death date | |
| Height | |
| Weight |
) }} Feng Yalan (; born January 25, 1990) is a female Chinese table tennis player.
Category:Chinese table tennis players Category:Living people
This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
Cao Zhen was well known for his bravery. The Records of Three Kingdoms recorded a hunting trip during which the young Cao Zhen was chased by a tiger. Turning around, he fired an arrow and felled the beast with one shot.
Cao Zhen was also respected among his subjects and troops for his humility and generosity. During the excursions, Cao Zhen would share the labor of his men. When the treasury ran short of the wages due, he would always make it up with his own wealth.
The Brief History of Wei (魏略) by Yu Huan, however, says Cao Zhen was originally surnamed Qin (秦). Cao Zhen's father Qin Bonan had long been friends with Cao Cao. In 195, as Cao Cao was fleeing from rebels, he hid in the Qin's. When rebels asked for the whereabouts of Cao Cao, whom they did not recognize by face, Qin Bonan claimed to be the man and was slain.
Either way, Cao Cao took in the young Cao Zhen, whom he raised as his own son. He had Cao Zhen reside with his future successor Cao Pi and another distant nephew Cao Xiu. Impressed with Cao Zhen's bravery, Cao Cao also gave him a commanding post in the elite Tiger and Leopard Cavalry.
Henceforth Cao Zhen participated in campaigns against rebels and Liu Bei. In 215, after the veteran Wei general Xiahou Yuan was defeated and killed in the Battle of Mount Dingjun, Cao Zhen was charged with overseeing the retake of Yangping Pass (阳平关) by forces led by Xu Huang.
In 227, Cao Rui succeeded the throne of Cao Wei and Cao Zhen was further promoted to Supreme General (大将军). Within months, Zhuge Liang, Chancellor of Shu Han, launched the first of his Northern Expeditions against Cao Wei. Cao Zhen placed his defenses at Mei (郿), near Chang'an, and Chencang (陈仓). He successfully fended off invasions for the next three years.
In 230, Cao Zhen headed for Luoyang for an audience with the emperor, during which he was made the Minister of Defense. He then proposed a shift from defensive to offensive stance, with a multi-pronged plan to attack Hanzhong, primary base of Zhuge Liang's intrusions. His proposal was accepted and in the same year, Cao Zhen led a force towards Hanzhong taking a route south of the Ziwu Trail (子午道), while Sima Yi led another force west along the Han River. The two forces were slated to converge at Nanzheng (南郑), southwest of Hanzhong.
The plan was thwarted by heavy rainfall, however, which lasted for more than a month and rendered the mountainous paths untraversable. Cao Zhen subsequently fell sick and returned to Luoyang, where he died in 231. He was given the posthumous title of Marquis Yuan (元侯), literally meaning the first marquis.
Cao Zhen's importance rose since chapter 91 as Zhuge Liang launched his Northern Expeditions against Cao Wei. However, his contributions towards the series of battles and manoeuvres for the next eight chapters were largely played down by the author in an effort to accentuate the resourcefulness of Sima Yi. Luo Guanzhong even attributed Cao Zhen's death to his failure to heed Sima Yi's forewarning of a Shu offensive.
In Chapter 100, Sima Yi warned that Shu troops would come within ten days for Mount Qi, a strategic point which would allow further incursions into the heart of Cao Wei, but Cao Zhen did not believe his words. The two then held a bet. Each leading a half of the army, they guarded the valleys to the east and west of the mountain.
Cao Zhen was only half-hearted in preparing for an assault. Seven days later, however, scouts spotted a small number of Shu soldiers approaching the valley. Cao Zhen then sent his aide Qin Liang (秦良) with 5,000 troops to survey the situation. As Qin Liang was drawn deeper into the valley, his force was ambushed and eradicated by the Shu force. Taking the clothings and armors of the Wei soldiers, Zhuge Liang then had his men disguised and infiltrated into the enemy camp.
Meanwhile, Sima Yi had encountered and defeated a subdivision of the Shu force under Wei Yan but reports from Cao Zhen claimed that no enemies were sighted on the other side. Fearing for the worse, Sima Yi drew a force and came for Cao Zhen's camp. True enough, the Shu troops and the infiltrators had launched a surprise attack, sandwiching Cao Zhen's men. Sima Yi arrived in time to ward off the attack, but Cao Zhen felt so insulted by the defeat that he fell ill.
Zhuge Liang then wrote Cao Zhen a letter full of insulting remarks, upon reading which the latter was so filled with rage that he died that very night in camp. Sima Yi then had Cao Zhen's body sent back to the capital Luoyang for burial.
Category:231 deaths Category:Generals under Cao Cao Category:Cao Wei generals
This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
