Huainan (Chinese: 淮南; pinyin: Huáinán) is a prefecture-level city with 2,334,000 inhabitants in central Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China. It borders the provincial capital of Hefei to the south, Lu’an to the southwest, Fuyang to the west, Bozhou to the northwest, Bengbu to the northeast and Chuzhou to the east. Its built up area is home to 1,899,740 inhabitants in 2010 spread out on 4 districts (Tianjia'an, Datong, Xiejiaji, Bagongshan and 1 county Fengtai) nowadays in agglomeration.

The name traditionally refers to the entire area south of the Huai River and north of the Yangtze River, which includes the present day central Anhui. The historic political centers of the Huainan area were situated in Yangzhou and Shouchun (present day Shou County).

The prefecture-level city of Huainan administers six county-level divisions, including five districts and one county.

These are further divided into 66 township-level divisions, including 24 towns, 23 townships and 19 subdistricts.

The name Huainan first came into existence in 203 BC, when Liu Bang bestowed upon Ying Bu, one of his most trusted generals, the title of the King of Huainan. The capital of the Kingdom of Huainan was situated in the present day Lu'an. Later, after Ying Bu was executed, the title was transferred and the capital moved to Shouchun (present day Shou County).